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Biomedical subjects

A Leclerc

Publications and source records attributed to A Leclerc.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in Gabon: an unrecognised epidemic.

Samples from 218 men with urethritis, 517 women with pelvic pain or pelvic pain and vaginal discharge, 218 women consulting for infertility, and 598 postpartal women were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis by culture and direct immunofluorescence. Chlamydiae were detected in 18% (39/218) of the men, 18% (45/252) of women with vaginal discharge, 14% (38/265) of those with pelvic pain, 10% (21/218) of infertile, and 10% (59/598) of postpartal women. A chlamydial prevalence of 18% (41) was observed in 229 postpartal women aged under 21, whereas only 5% (10) of 360 postpartal women over 21 had C trachomatis. In the other clinical groups, an age related decrease in prevalence was noted in women over 25. The direct immunofluorescence test correlated well with culture. The small difference in isolation between symptomatic and postpartal women indicates that women in this population do not seek medical attention for chlamydial infections and expose themselves to chlamydial salpingitis and infertility.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol and tobacco consumption in cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx: a study of 316 female patients.

Three hundred sixteen female patients with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined and the following cancer sites were compared with respect to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, epilarynx, lip, and mouth. The mean daily tobacco consumption of smokers and ex-smokers was not significantly different between cancer locations; however, significant differences between cancer sites were observed with regard to the proportion of nonsmokers. The percentage of nonsmokers was the highest for cancer of the lips and the lowest for cancer of the epilarynx. Cancer locations differed significantly depending on daily alcohol consumption. Consumption was the lowest for patients with cancer of the lips. The percentage of nondrinkers was high for cancers of the lips and larynx and low for cancer of the epilarynx. Examination of the nonsmoking/nondrinking females (27.2%) did not reveal any features specific to this group, except that the patients were older.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiology of respiratory cancers related to nickel mining and refining in New Caledonia (1978-1984).

The incidence rate of respiratory (lung and upper respiratory tract) cancer related to the nickel industry was studied in the male population of New Caledonia over a 7-year period (1978-1984). The findings show no excess incidence of lung or upper respiratory tract (larynx, pharynx, nasal cavities) cancer cases in the population of nickel workers compared with the rest of the male population in New Caledonia. This result was corroborated by a case-control study which does not indicate any particular role of hazards specific to the nickel mining and refining industry. Our findings, which may be specific for the type of ore processed in New Caledonia, must nevertheless be confirmed by extending the study to a total of 10 years (1978-1987). The incidence rate of male respiratory cancer in New Caledonia was also compared to that of cancers of this type reported in certain regions of industrialized countries (Australia, France, U.K., USA). Such findings are very similar to those observed in New Caledonia, thereby confirming a predominant role of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a territory which, despite certain characteristics of a developing country, has life-style habits similar to those of industrialized countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Type of alcoholic beverage and cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tract.

The study concerns a series of 2443 French men with cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tract (tongue, buccal cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx supraglottis, larynx glottis and epilarynx). Each patient was examined in the Head and Neck Department of the Institut Curie in Paris. For each of them, data on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol was obtained with specification of the type of alcoholic beverage: wine, beer, cider, aniseed spirit or 'pastis', fortified wines, and whisky. The relationship between the type of alcohol consumed, and the precise location of cancer, was studied using a case-control approach, controlling for the total amount of alcohol consumed. Among mouth cancer cases, a higher proportion of wine consumers was observed. For the 'larynx supraglottis' location, more drinkers of aniseed spirit were found than expected. Among glottic cancer cases, more than expected usually drank whisky or fortified wine. Those results suggest that different alcoholic beverages may not produce the same effect. This could be in accordance with the fact that the discrepancy between France and other countries in the incidence of upper respiratory and digestive tract is greater for some locations (mouth or pharynx) than for others.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1987

Importance of chlamydial antibodies in acute salpingitis in central Africa.

Of 35 women with acute salpingitis on laparoscopy, 86% had chlamydial antibodies at a titre of 1/16 or higher and 49% at a titre of 1/512 or higher. Geometric mean titres of chlamydial antibodies correlated significantly with a laparoscopic observation of chronic salpingitis (p less than 0.001), with a history of infertility (p less than 0.05), and with severe inflammation (p less than 0.10), but not with a history of salpingitis or a positive cervical culture for Chlamydia trachomatis. In the subgroup of infertile women, the geometric mean titre of antibodies to chlamydiae correlated significantly with the presence of chronic salpingitis (p less than 0.005). These data indicate that chlamydial infections play a major part in salpingitis and infertility in central Africa. In this area, which is known as the "infertility belt", programmes to control chlamydial infections should be implemented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Differential effects of tobacco and alcohol in cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth.

Two thousand five hundred forty male patients with cancer of larynx, pharynx, and mouth were examined in the same hospital between 1975 and 1982. Different sites were compared according to alcohol and tobacco consumption: oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx supraglottis, larynxglottis, epilarynx, lip, tongue-tip, and tongue lateral border, other tongue sites, gum, floor of the mouth, and buccal mucosa. For tobacco, the mean daily consumption of smokers and exsmokers did not differ according to location (except in patients with cancer of the lip, in whom the consumption was lowest). Cancer locations differed significantly according to the daily alcohol consumption. The consumption was the lowest for patients with cancer of the lips and the glottis, the highest for patients with cancer of the epilarynx, hypopharynx, and the floor of the mouth. Significant differences were observed in the percentage of nonsmokers or nondrinkers, even between adjacent locations: supraglottis versus glottis; tongue, tip, and lateral border versus tongue, other sites; floor of the mouth versus buccal mucosa. Some of the results might be particular to elements of the French life-style (e.g., consumption of brown tobacco, high consumption of wine).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

[Retrospective evaluation of occupational exposure in epidemiologic studies. Use of the Delphi method].

A method, based on the Delphi technique, for evaluating occupational risks in a quantifiable manner was devised in the course of a case-control study on respiratory cancers in the nickel mining and refining industry in New Caledonia. There were four stages in the evaluation process: identification of eleven potential carcinogenic factors in the company during the 1930-1977 period; grouping of a limited number of work-stations; evaluation of exposure levels for the different factors for each workstation; computation of the cumulative value of exposure for each subject under study. A partial validation study shows that this kind of approach may prove useful for future occupational epidemiological studies.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1984

Cytofluorescence localization of adriamycin in resistant colon cancer cells.

A simple fluorescent microscopic method demonstrated that adriamycin was distributed in two cellular compartments of living rat colon cancer cells. Adriamycin accumulated slowly in cytoplasmic granules, probably lysosomes, where it persisted long after the drug was removed from the medium. On the other hand, adriamycin accumulated rapidly in the nucleus, but was rapidly cleared in adriamycin-free medium. Drug efflux from the nucleus was blocked by sodium azide in glucose-free medium or by verapamil, a calcium-blocking agent. When colon cancer cells were cultivated for 1 day or longer in adriamycin-containing medium no nuclear fluorescence was observed. However, the addition of sodium azide to glucose-free medium or verapamil restores the nuclear fluorescence. The colon cancer cells had low sensitivity to adriamycin, but the addition of verapamil strongly enhanced adriamycin toxicity. Thus adriamycin is permanently cleared from the nucleus of rat colon cancer cells through an energy-dependent efflux mechanism, which is blocked by verapamil. The efficiency of this efflux mechanism is enhanced by exposure of the cell to adriamycin. This mechanism could be involved in the resistance of colon cancer to adriamycin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Social inequality in deaths in Great Britain and in France].

In this paper data are compared on differential mortality for working men in the United Kingdom and France, for the years 1970-1972 (U.K.) and 1966-1971 (F). Differential mortality in the United Kingdom is described in 'occupational mortality' published by O.P.C.S.; mortality according to 'Catégories socio-professionnelles' has been studied for a large cohort by INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). The comparison between those two sets of data leads to the following conclusions: social differences in death rates seem to be larger in France than in United Kingdom. the main causes of death responsible for these inequalities differ in the two countries: respiratory diseases are the main cause in U.K.; in France, accidents and alcohol-related death lead to the largest inequalities. We discuss the difficulties of comparison between countries: some of the apparent differences may relate to the fact that, in France, mortality data concerns a cohort followed since 1954, while British data comes from a transversal survey. Another point of difference is the fact that foreigners are not included in the French study. In every country where data exist on the subject, inequalities in health are found. The reasons why these inequalities exist, and what should be done to reduce them, is a matter for discussion. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate, by throwing light on some aspects of the observed differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Selection by trypsin of two sublines of rat colon cancer cells forming progressive or regressive tumors.

From an established cell culture line obtained from a chemically-induced rat colon carcinoma, two sublines have been selected and isolated according to their susceptibility to trypsin-mediated detachment from plastic surfaces. Subline TR, the most resistant to the detaching effect of trypsin, gave progressive tumors in most of the syngeneic rats in which it was inoculated. Subline TS, which was easily detached by trypsin, also gave tumors in the syngeneic rats, but all these tumors disappeared within 3 or 4 weeks. Both sublines gave progressive tumors when injected into nude mice. This suggests that the parent cell line is heterogeneous and contains cell variants differing in their susceptibility to trypsin-mediated detachment from substrate and their sensitivity to host factors leading to acceptance or rejection of the inoculated tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Systematic approach to the determination of cephalosporins in biological fluids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

The chromatographic behaviour of some cephalosporins as a function of pH and ionic strength of the mobile phase was studied on 10-microns LiChrosorb RP-18. Acidic cephalosporins were retained longest in their neutral form with an acidic eluent. Amphoteric cephalosporins were retained longest in their protonated form with an acidic eluent of low ionic strength. Cefotiam was retained longer with an alkaline mobile phase. LiChrosorb RP-18, Nucleosil C18 and muBondapak C18 gave rise to different selectivities when an acidic eluent, methanol-water (25:75) containing 0.2% of 1.8 M H2SO4 was used. This may be related to interactions with residual silanol groups. The studied cephalosporins (with the exception of cefotiam and cefsulodin) were separated from compounds present in biological fluids on 5-microns LiChrosorb RP-18 using the mobile phase 0.2% of 1.8 M H2SO4 in a mixture of methanol and water with various methanol contents. The determination of cefotiam in biological fluids was performed with an alkaline mobile phase. The preparation of the sample was simple and rapid: precipitation of plasma proteins or dilution of urine. The method was applied to the determination of ceftizoxime in human plasma and urine. Concentrations down to 0.2 micrograms/ml of plasma and 25 micrograms/ml of urine could be determined with good reproducibility and accuracy.

Bile↗
PubMed1982

Tumoricidal effect of macrophages exposed to adriamycin in vivo or in vitro.

Peritoneal macrophages from BD IX rats collected 24 hr after an i.p. injection of ADriamycin (10 mg/kg) were cytotoxic to syngeneic cancer cells in culture. In contrast, incubation in vitro in Adriamycin solutions did not evoke tumoricidal activity in peritoneal macrophages, whatever the incubation time (from 1 to 24 hr) and the Adriamycin concentration (from 1 ng to 100 micrograms/ml). Macrophages incubated with Adriamycin in vitro accumulated the drug in their nuclei, whereas macrophages from animals receiving Adriamycin in vivo accumulated it is cytoplasmic vacuoles. Early observation of peritoneal cells after in vivo exposure to Adriamycin shows that Adriamycin is concentrated in mast cell granules which are released and then phagocytosed by peritoneal macrophages. Mast cells exposed to Adriamycin in vitro can induce macrophages to become cytotoxic. These facts explain the difference between macrophages exposed to Adriamycin in vivo and in vitro. Adriamycin fluorescence appears in nuclei of cancer cells incubated with in vivo-labeled macrophages, suggesting that macrophages can directly transfer the drug into cancer cells and therefore play a role in the Adriamycin antitumor effect.

Animals↗