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Biomedical subjects

A Mód

Publications and source records attributed to A Mód.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

New set-up for capillary isoelectric focusing in uncoated capillaries.

Substituted aminomethylphenol dyes, low-molecular-mass isoelectric point (pI) markers and hemoglobin samples from normal individuals and diabetic patients were used to test a new set-up of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) in uncoated capillaries. In previous cIEF methods, a mixture of sample components and carrier ampholytes was applied in the capillary and analyzed. In the new set-up a fractionated injection protocol is used to apply a 'sandwich' ampholyte-sample-ampholyte plug in the capillary for analysis. This new set-up allows the separation of amphoteric compounds having pI values outside the pH region of the ampholytes applied in the capillary with high precision. The high resolution power of this technique was proven with the analysis of hemoglobin variants.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1994

[Experience with the molecular genetical detection of the chimera gene of the Philadelphia chromosome].

Molecular genetical techniques could be developed for detection of the chimera gene of Philadelphia chromosome or that of its gene product, due to the relatively conserved structure of the chimera gene. The authors successfully analysed 123 blood/bone marrow samples from 106 patients using these molecular techniques adapted from the literature. Patients were classified by the first diagnosis, 65 CML, 7 AML, 13 ALL patients were studied. 12 patients had the diagnosis of myeloproliferative syndrome, and 9 patients were after bone marrow transplantation. 57% of the total, and by diagnosis, 74% of CML, 28% of AML, 54% of ALL, and 33% of post-transplant samples have shown the chimera gene structure characteristic for Philadelphia chromosome. All patients of myeloproliferative syndrome were negative. In some cases the authors had the opportunity to study simultaneously the peripheral blood and the bone marrow sample of the same patient and of the same date. The ratio of the positivity of the two samples varied from one to infinite. The authors could follow the effect of interferon in one case, the change of clonality of the leukemic cell line in an other case. They had the opportunity to detect two different abnormal gene structures in the sample of an AML patient.

Chimera↗
PubMed1991

[Importance of the detection of minimal residual disease in the management of acute leukemia].

Between 1984-1988, 57 adult acute leukemic patients were treated with intensive combined chemotherapy in the National Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion. For the evaluation of response to therapy, 4 investigations were performed in parallel: bone marrow aspirate, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic analysis and bone marrow culture. Nonparametric test for samples taken for the evaluation of remission status showed that bone marrow biopsy was significantly the most sensitive method for the detection of residual disease. The bone marrow culture was also on the borderline of significance, but the low CFU-GM level did not always correlate with the further clinical course. Occasionally, karyotypic abnormality was the only sign of the residual disease. It would be of great importance to quantitate the minimal residual disease in order to evaluate and compare the various intensive postinduction therapeutic strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Growth kinetics and blast-colony forming cell binding capacity of aplastic anaemic stromal cells.

The kinetics of bone marrow cell growth and a special function of stromal cells (the capability of binding blast colony forming cells) were studied in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA). All 10 patients studied showed faster growth of bone marrow stromal cells. The time for a confluent stromal layer formation was 24.5 days for AA bone marrow as opposed to 33.0 days for normal bone marrow. This faster growth rate could also be observed if normal bone marrow cells, depleted of plastic non-adherent fraction, were plated, suggesting that at least one of the reasons for altered stromal cell growth kinetics in AA is the changes in the ratio of plastic adherent/non-adherent cells. Functionally, i.e. in supporting the growth of normal bone marrow blast colonies, AA stromal layers did not differ from that of normal stromal layers, independently of the clinical state of the disease (AA or SAA; in one patient before or after ATG treatment; in two patients after successful allogenic bone marrow transplantation). Moreover, in some AA patients this blast colony forming cell binding function of AA stromal layers could also be detected in samples cultured without hydrocortisone (i.e. in the absence of fat cells), suggesting that AA stroma also differs qualitatively from normal stroma without inducing a defective microenvironment for stem cell homing.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1991

Stromal cell growth and blast colony-forming cells in AML bone marrow.

Bone marrow cells (BMC) from normal donors and from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were cultured. Growth kinetics and the efficiency of stromal layers in supporting the adhesion of normal blast-colony forming cells (BL-CFCs) were studied. BMC from treated AML patients formed confluent stromal layers faster than normal BMCs. BL-CFC binding capacity of normal and AML stromal layers did not differ: on normal stromal layers 67.3-147, on AML stromal layers 63-117 colonies per 5 x 10(5) plastic non-adherent BMC were formed. The amount and/or binding capacity of BL-CFCs was found to be normal in two AML patients in complete remission, while a significantly reduced number and/or binding capacity of BL-CFCs was found in AML non-treated patients and in patients within 4 weeks after the last cytostatic course.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1991

Effect of conditioned media of acute myeloid leukemia blast cells on complement synthesis by cultured human cells of monocyte and hepatocyte origin.

The effect of conditioned media of 3-day cultures of blast cells from peripheral blood of 5 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (CM-AML) was studied on the synthesis of C2, factor B (Bf) and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) by human monocyte-macrophage cultures and HepG2 hepatoma cell line. The level of C2 in the culture supernatants was measured by immune hemolysis, those of Bf and C1-INH by ELISA. CM-AML was added to the monocyte cultures on day 3 and replaced by culture fluid on day 6. Compared to the control cultures, CM-AML significantly increased C2 and Bf levels and slightly decreased C1-INH levels in the culture fluids on day 6. On day 9, Bf synthesis enhancement still could be observed but C2 and C1-INH levels did not significantly differ from those of the control. CM-AML significantly increased the synthesis of factor B by the HepG2 cells too. A strong correlation was found between the results of the Bf protein and RNA determinations, which means that the supernatants of AML blasts affect the gene expression of factor B at a pretranslational level. The selective complement synthesis modifying effect of CM-AML was not due to interferons (IFN) because neither IFN-alpha nor IFN-gamma could be detected in these conditioned media. The present findings indicate that the hypercomplementemia observed in AML patients can be due to unknown factor(s) produced by leukemic blast cells.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1991

Growth kinetics and blast-colony forming cell binding capacity of stromal cells in various haematological malignancies.

Growth kinetics of bone marrow stromal layers from normal, AML, ALL and CML patients was studied. Significantly reduced time for confluency was observed in AML patients in complete remission, in CML patients in chronic phase, or CML patients after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The functional capacity of these stromal layers did not differ: they all bound similar amounts of blast colony forming cells (BL-CFC) from normal bone marrow. The stromal layers from bone marrow transplanted patients varied in their BL-CFC binding capacity: two CML patients (10.5 and 49 months after transplantation) showed normal values, while two ALL patients (1.5 and 3 months, respectively, after transplantation) as well as one patient transplanted for CML (19.5 months after transplantation) showed significantly reduced BL-CFC binding capacity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Cytochemical, immunologic and gene rearrangement studies in adult acute leukemia].

Results of morphological, cytochemical and immunological studies performed in adult acute leukaemias have been compared. Thirty one cases proved to be acute myeloid leukaemia, while 25 cases were shown to be acute lymphoid leukaemia. Based on our results we conclude that immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies does not help in distinguishing the subtypes of AML. For purposes of clinical diagnosis cytochemical methods are valuable. On the other hand the monoclonal antibodies are essential in distinguishing the very immature myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias and this is of great importance from the clinical point of view, in determining therapy. Moreover, the diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukaemias is not possible without the specific monoclonal antibodies. Their application is first of all in haematological centers caring for leukaemia patients nowadays already obligatory. Gene rearrangement studies make the diagnosis more accurate and help in the diagnosis of leukaemias of unknown immunological origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Gene rearrangement in leukemia].

In this report we summarize our experiences based on the gene rearrangement study of 111 leukaemic patients of different kind. The lymphocyte DNA of the patients was studied for rearrangement of the immunoglobulin light chain constant-, the heavy chain joining- and the T cell receptor beta chain constant region. Our data have well supplemented the results of the monoclonal antibody experiments. In 33 cases the DNA study was in good agreement with the immunological data. In 42 our data helped in gave different results, immunological results. In 11 cases evaluating the DNA and immunological data indicating the necessity of further investigation. The results were inconclusive in 25 cases. As a conclusion we consider the gene rearrangement study to be useful for diagnostic purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical value of cytomorphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic investigations of acute leukaemias.

The valuability of immunophenotyping of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias in comparison to morphological and cytochemical classification were approached in 56 cases. In the case of acute myeloid leukaemias the immunophenotyping by monoclonal antibodies CD14, CD13, CD33 was less informative concerning the subtypes of the disease. The clinical diagnosis can be achieved on the basis of cytochemical investigation alone. In contrast, the diagnosis of lymphoid leukaemias requires all information obtained by immunophenotyping by a series of monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD2, CD4, CD8, CD1, CD19, CD20, CD21 and CD10. On the other hand, the monoclonal antibodies are essential in differentiation of the very immature myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias. This is of great importance from the clinical point of view for determining the therapy. Molecular genetic studies based on the characterisation of the state of gene rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor beta chains have basic importance in the confirmation of the result of immunophenotyping and in the determination of leukaemias of unknown origin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in allogenic bone marrow transplantation: correlation of progenitor cell content and regeneration in the graft].

The amount of granuloid macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) was studied in 16 donor bone marrows used for allogenic bone marrow transplantation in the National Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion between January, 1984 and January, 1988. In 10 bone marrow transplanted patients long-term follow up of bone marrow CFU-GM regeneration was carried out. Graft sizes were the following: 2.91 +/- 0.62 X 10(8)/kg body weight nucleated cells and 19.2 +/- 14 X 10(4)/kg body weight (CFU-GM. Preinfusion procedures (centrifugation and resuspension) did not alter CFU-GM content of the grafts. Separation of nucleated cells with hydroxyethylstarch, applied for ABO mismatched donor bone marrow, however, resulted in a 30 per cent loss in CFU-GM. Since higher than threshold graft-sizes for successful engraftment were used, no linear correlation between graft size and speed of granulocyte and platelet recovery was found. Significant difference between regeneration kinetics of bone marrow CFU-GM of patients transplanted for CML or AML and ALL was observed: in AML and ALL patients normal bone marrow CFU-GM level was found 4 to 6 months after transplantation, while in CML patients CFU-GM level approached the lower limit of the normal value only 10 to 14 months after transplantation. Granulocyte and thrombocyte recovery of CML patients showed a significant delay when compared to transplanted AML and ALL patients.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1987

Plasma lactoferrin levels in leukaemias.

A solid-phase, one-step radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of plasma lactoferrin concentration. The detection limit of the assay is 150 micrograms/l. Leakage of cellular lactoferrin was minimal when EDTA was used as anticoagulant, while results obtained from serum and from heparinized plasma were not reproducible. The plasma lactoferrin concentration of 35 female and 44 male healthy adults was measured in order to determine normal values. The geometric mean of lactoferrin levels in men is about 10% higher than in women: 483 (200-1500) micrograms/l in men and 446 (200-870) micrograms/l in women. Patients with acute and chronic leukaemias were also studied. In 38 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia plasma lactoferrin levels were increased by three times while the neutrophil count was ten times higher than normal. Normal lactoferrin concentrations were measured in plasma samples from 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in incomplete remission while no detectable lactoferrin was found in samples from those in relapse (10 patients). In the untreated patients or those in relapse (19 cases) of both acute lymphocytic and myeloid leukaemias, plasma lactoferrin concentrations were undetectable while they seemed to return to normal during remission (3 cases). The data obtained indicate that the determination of plasma lactoferrin concentration might play an important role in facilitating the assessment of total blood granulocyte pool (TBGP).

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1986

Gangliosides in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Gangliosides of human acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AMMoL), acute monocytic leukaemia (AMoL) and lymphoblastoid (pre-B) lymphoma cells were analysed by overpressured thin-layer chromatography (OPTLC) followed by scanning densitometry. AMMoL cells were found to contain four gangliosides, viz. GM3 (47.2%), GM1 (31.8%), GD1a (7.5%) and an unidentified compound migrating between GM1 and GD1a (13.5%). In AMoL cells, six components were identified (GM3:51.3%, GM1:13.4%, GD3:7.8%, GD1a:4.7%, GD1b:6%, and an unidentified compound migrating between GM2 and GM1). The total gangliosides extracted from pre-B lymphoma cells of the hand-mirror variant were composed of 10 species (GM3:50.8%, GM2:11.2%, GM1:7.8%, GD3:2.3%, GD1a:1.1%, GD1b:2.2%, GT1:1.6%, and three unidentified components with chromatographic mobilities between GM2 and GD1a). Additional studies must still be performed to clarify the question as to whether ganglioside GD3 represent a qualitative glycolipid marker for AMoL and pre-B lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1986

Ganglioside composition in common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Human leukaemic lymphocytes of the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cALL) subtype were analysed for ganglioside composition by over pressured layer chromatography-densitometry. Two major ganglioside components, GM3 (58.0-77.8% of the total sialic acid content) and GM1 (20.7%-29.2%), and some minor compounds, GM2 (trace amounts to 9.6%) and unidentified gangliosides with chromatographic mobility between GM1 and GD1a (trace to 12.6%), were isolated from these cells. The relative amount of GM3 in cALL cells was found to be about double that in normal lymphocytes (65.7% vs. 37.7%), but lower than in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells (65.7% vs. 81.5%). The cALL cells contained trace amounts of the ganglioside GD3, a compound present in CLL cells (5.6%) but absent in normal lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗