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Biomedical subjects

A Möller

Publications and source records attributed to A Möller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Suicidal tendency of epilepsy patients].

Epileptic and diabetic patients with suicidal tendency are compared in a retrospective study, both types of patients being characterized by chronic disease and social handicaps. Both these groups are predominantly preoccupied with self-intoxication by tranquilisers and/or alcohol, whereas in the group of epileptics examined in this study there is a predominance of "cruel" kinds of self-destruction, i.e. suicide, without any obvious connection with the type of the epileptic attacks. Patients repeatedly attempting suicide are not definitely subject to any higher incidence of attacks compared with the other patients, the frequency of attacks being within a wide range among these relapsing suicides. Epileptic patients who are potential suicides are more often found to have been suffering from an affective disorders for a prolonged period than those of the diabetic group (dysthymic disturbance according to DSM III).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Laser-assisted transurethral resection of ureteral occlusions].

After transurethral resection across the ureteral ostium a scared stenosis or complete occlusion is possible and its transurethral recanalization is dangerous. Therefore, a new concept with utilisation of laser light is presented. After percutaneous renal punction the laser light fiber is placed antegrade into the ureter near the stenotic ostium and the stenosis is resected transurethrally under fluoroscopy onto the laser light spot. Thereafter a splint is placed transrenal into the bladder for 3 weeks. The presented technique could minimize the operative expense.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1988

Granulocyte-activating mediators (GRAM): III. Further functional characterization of monocyte-derived GRAM.

As shown previously monocytes upon stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) release granulocyte-activating mediator(s) (M-GRAM) which induced a long-lasting chemiluminescence (CL) response in human granulocytes. M-GRAM could be separated from interleukin-1 alpha and beta, interleukin-2, interferon alpha and gamma, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), since these cytokines are shown to be unable to induce a significant CL response. In contrast, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are important triggers of the oxidative burst and they are capable of inducing a CL response. TNF activity but not lymphotoxin (LT) activity could be demonstrated in M-GRAM samples. A polyclonal rabbit IgG as well as a monoclonal antibody to recombinant human TNF which neutralized the TNF activity in M-GRAM preparations did not substantially block the CL signal. Furthermore, M-GRAM-induced CL response was not significantly inhibited by a polyclonal calf antiserum to human recombinant GM-CSF. For further functional characterization of M-GRAM-induced granulocyte activation different assays were performed in order to compare GM-CSF and TNF: (a) SOD-inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction (.O2-); (b) horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red (H2O2); (c) the release of peroxidase; (d) ultrastructural detection of hydrogen peroxide production; and (e) scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Significant release of .O2- was induced by M-GRAM, TNF, and GM-CSF, whereas H2O2 production was significantly stimulated only by M-GRAM and TNF, as shown by functional and ultrastructural assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biological Factors↗
PubMed1988

[The DMS-III diagnosis of physically-induced psychoses].

Classification of organic psychoses according to the revised version of DMS III, in accordance with the terminology used in traditional German psychopathology and in ICD-9, are compared. In DSM III, organic psychoses are presented as a heterogeneous group divided into psychoses of known or suspected origin and in psychoses of unknown aetiology. Relevant differences in the use of diagnostic terms such as delir are noticeable, whereas known syndromes such as Korsakoff's syndrome are not considered and incorporated into larger categories in DSM nomenclature.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Tumor necrosis factor in human monocyte-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity.

The WEHI-164 target cells pretreated with actinomycin D can be employed in a 7-hour 51Cr release assay that exhibits exquisite susceptibility for cytotoxic monocytes without contribution by natural killer cells. The system can be used either to detect cell-mediated monocyte cytotoxicity directly or to measure cytotoxic-factor activity in cell-free supernatants. Analysis of cytotoxic factor demonstrates molecular characteristics similar to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies specific for TNF can readily neutralize the monocyte-generated cytotoxic factor. In the cell-mediated approach, neutralization can be achieved as well, although somewhat higher amounts of antibody are required. Hence, the WEHT-164/actinomycin D system appears to detect monocyte cytotoxicity that is mediated by TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Results of systemic chemotherapy of advanced bladder carcinomas (phase II study).

At the time of operation advanced carcinomas of the urinary bladder often have developed subclinical metastases. In 20 patients with metastases, inoperable carcinoma of the bladder responded to chemotherapy with a combination of adriamycin and 5-FU. 55% of the patients experienced either a complete or incomplete remission, which lasted long in some cases. In the future, suitable combinations of chemotherapeutics could participate in improving the prognosis of advanced carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Results of treatment following stage-dependent therapy of non-seminomatous testicular tumors].

The results of the treatment of 194 patients with non-seminomas were analyzed and statistically registered. The therapeutic approach is described and the cumulative probability of survival is compared according to the stages. For the total number of these tumours a cumulative 5-year-survival probability of 68.6% was calculated. In detail it reaches from 100% in clinical stage I to 39.7% in clinical stage III. The decisive change of the prognosis is between the clinical stages IIb and IIc. An adjuvant cytostatic therapy should, if performed, be aggressive. Relapses in the clinical stage I are possible and call for a critical valuation of the primary stage. A retarded cytostatic polychemotherapy should be performed only under certain conditions.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of Z-DNA in fixed polytene chromosomes with monoclonal antibodies that show base sequence-dependent selectivity in reactions with supercoiled plasmids and polynucleotides.

Five monoclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies were characterized with respect to their binding of synthetic nucleic acid polymers and of supercoiled circular plasmid DNA. All of the antibodies reacted only with DNA in the Z-conformation; however, they fell into two classes on the basis of sequence specificity. One class, with broad specificity, reacted well with all sequences in the Z-form, including poly(dG-dC), poly(dG-dm5C), and poly (dG-dBr5C) in linear polymers and poly(dG-dC)n and poly[(dC-dA)n.(dT-dG)n] sequences in supercoiled plasmids. The other class bound only Z-DNA formed by poly(dG-dC). Binding of the monoclonal antibodies specifically to inserts of Z-DNA-forming sequences in plasmids was mapped directly by cross-linking of antibody to the DNA, digestion with restriction nuclease, and electrophoretic analysis of both the unbound fragments and the bound fragments recovered from immune complexes. The monoclonal antibodies were used for indirect immunofluorescence staining of Drosophila polytene chromosomes fixed by two procedures. One procedure yielded chromosomes with Z-specific antibody binding in many interbands, a few specific bands, and parts of some puffs. On chromosomes fixed by the second procedure, antibody staining appeared to follow the DNA concentration, staining all bands brightly. For each fixation procedure, chromosomes showed the same staining pattern with each of the broad specificity monoclonal antibodies that had been seen with polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies that reacted only with poly(dG-dC) and poly (dG-dC)n plasmid inserts did not stain chromosomes fixed by either protocol. We conclude that stretches of poly(dG-dC)n sequences do not contribute significantly to the presence of Z-DNA in fixed polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Psychoses of physical origin--traditional interpretation and DSM III nomenclature].

Classification of organic psychoses according to the revised version of DSM III and in accordance with the terminology used in traditional German psychopathology, are compared. In DSM III, organic Psychoses are presented as a heterogeneous group divided into psychoses of known or suspected origin and in psychoses of unknown aetiology. Relevant differences in the use of diagnostic terms such as delir are noticeable, whereas known syndromes such as Korsakoff's syndrome (Korsakoff's psychosis or alcoholic psychosis) are not considered and incorporated into larger categories in DSM nomenclature.

Dementia↗
PubMed1986

In vitro generation of chemotactic leukotrienes from unfractionated murine epidermal cells.

Single cell suspensions of murine epidermal cells were studied for the generation of leukotrienes (LTs), using in vitro bioassays for chemotaxis, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and radioimmunoassays (RIAs). A combination of arachidonic acid (AA) at 10(-3)-10(-4) M with the calcium ionophore A 23187 at 5 X 10(-6) M was the most potent stimulus, causing release of LTs within 10-30 min. Other stimuli, like the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, at 10(-7) M and bradykinin at 10(-3) M, were less effective, and the tumor promotor phorbol-myristate-acetate (10(-5)-10(-8) M) caused no release at all. AA induced release at cytotoxic concentrations, but the other stimuli did not, and keratinocytes from different body regions were equally good sources of the LTs. In vivo or in vitro pretreatment of keratinocytes with UV radiation did not alter spontaneous or stimulated secretion of LTs, while pretreatment of cells with Ia, but not with Thy-1, monoclonal antibodies caused a moderate decrease of release. Analyses by HPLC indicated the release of 20-OH-LTB4 in addition to LTB4 in cell supernatants. Murine keratinocytes and epidermal dendritic cells serve therefore as a source of chemotactic leukotrienes after appropriate in vitro stimulation with agents that are known to play a role in cutaneous inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Angular cheilitis: a clinical and microbial study.

The purpose of this prospective study was to re-examine the relative importance of various factors in the pathogenesis of angular cheilitis. Sixty-four patients with cheilitis were examined clinically and microbiologically. In addition, a subsample of 23 patients was examined for serum iron and transferrin. The clinical appearance of the lip lesions fell into 4 categories. A ground rhagad at the corner of the mouth involving adjacent skin, was the most frequent type among dentate patients, whereas among denture wearers a deep lesion following the labial marginal sulcus was frequently observed. Dentate patients and denture wearers with cheilitis often had atopic constitution or cutaneous diseases. Pathogenic microorganisms were cultured from the lesions in all 64 patients; Staphylococcus aureus in 40 patients and Candida albicans in 45. The results of this study indicate a correlation between angular cheilitis and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, among dentate patients, a correlation exists between cutaneous discomfort and angular cheilitis. Other etiological factors suggested for this disorder were found to be of subordinate importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Tumor necrosis factor as effector molecule in monocyte mediated cytotoxicity.

A newly developed assay system which uses actinomycin D (Act D) pretreated Wehi 164 target cells allows for the measurement of human monocyte cytotoxicity in a 7-h 51Cr release assay. Using the monocyte specific monoclonal antibody M42 in a direct rosetting procedure we confirm herein that among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cytotoxicity is restricted to monocytes. When applying stringent conditions that exclude exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) we could demonstrate that as little as 0.1 ng of LPS per ml triggers this cytotoxicity. Further, a factor can be detected in supernatants of mononuclear cells which is also cytotoxic against Act D treated Wehi 164 cells. This cytotoxic factor can be triggered by LPS within 4 h, but at as low a LPS concentration as 0.001 ng/ml. Since one of the LPS triggered monocyte products is tumor necrosis factor (TNF), we tested the effect of recombinant TNF cloned from the U937 cell line and we could show potent lytic activity against Act D pretreated but not, or only minimally, against untreated Wehi 164 target cells. Recombinant TNF rapidly lysed the target with significant specific release occurring as early as after 3 h in the assay. By contrast, recombinant interleukin 1 gave no lysis while lymphotoxin derived from the RPMI 1788 cell line was effective. An affinity purified antiserum directed against TNF neutralized the lytic activity of recombinant TNF and also the cytotoxic factor produced by LPS triggered mononuclear cells, while the antiserum was ineffective against lymphotoxin. Further, the antiserum when added to the assay of effector cells and Act D treated Wehi 164 cells also completely ablated cytotoxic activity. Size fractionation of cytotoxic factor and recombinant TNF by high pressure liquid chromatography led to a superimposable peak of cytotoxicity in the molecular weight range of 9,500-17,000. Further, immunoblotting with the anti-TNF antibody revealed the same Mr 15,500-16,500 band for the recombinant TNF and LPS triggered cytotoxic factor. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of human monocytes against Act D treated Wehi 164 is mediated entirely by a LPS triggered molecule that is very similar or identical to the human tumor necrosis factor. The assay system thus provides a powerful tool to analyze the biology of TNF in humans.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗