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Biomedical subjects

A Müller

Publications and source records attributed to A Müller.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Colchicine therapy of fibrosing liver diseases--report of a randomized double-blind study].

It is reported on results of a double blind study of colchicine therapy in fibrotic liver diseases over a period of three years. The study includes 74 probands; 37 of them had been treated after randomization for five days a week with 4 X 0,25 mg/d colchicine, 37 with placebo. 53 probands attained the 12th month of treatment, 43 of them 24th, 24 probands were in the study for 36 months. 3 diagnoses groups had been formed with regard to the histological grades of fibrosis: chronic hepatitis (without structural transformation); structural liver transformation/moderate liver cirrhosis; severe liver cirrhosis. In 38 cases the disease was caused by alcohol. 45 data had been studied (clinical results, paraclinical data concerning hepatological diagnostic and connective tissue metabolism and morphologic data). The biometric evaluation was carried out with the stage variant analysis by Friedman. Rebiopsies have been carried out in 40 probands after 1 year, in 4 probands after 2 years. 4 data (Serumalbumine, Gamma-GT, ALAT, KP) showed significant changes in the colchicine-group as well as in the placebo-group. In both therapy groups the morphologic supervisions of the fibrosis grades (rebiopsies) showed improvements, no changes, and deterioration about in the same frequency. In this study there was no effectiveness of colchicine on the course of fibrotic liver diseases to be stated. Concerning the contradictions in the recent literature and probable the insufficient colchicine dose, the authors recommend further studies on colchicine therapy in liver diseases with incipient i.e. reversible fibrosis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

[Determination of systolic time intervals of the fetal heart as an additional diagnosis sub partu].

The aim was to prove the usefulness of the determination of systolic time intervals PEP (pre-ejection period) and LVET (left ventricular ejection time) in the fetal cardiac cycle.--Based on the fetal electrocardiogram a second signal is necessary to get the corresponding times. In the own material we used the fetal phonocardiogram. Therefore we measured the times of Q-S1 and Q-S2. As a particularly important factor seems to be the quotient of PEP/LVET. The normal result of this quotient was 0.39 +/- 0.04 (0.35-0.43). In pathological cases the quotient was only 0.27 +/- 0.02 (0.25-0.29). These results are compared with the literature. Here are problems, because various investigators use various methods for getting the second signal (phonocardiogram, doppler ultrasonic cardiogram or fetal capillary pulse). Nevertheless determination of the fetal systolic time intervals is necessary, because many parameters are required to have an overview about the fetal condition.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of cathepsin D throughout human nervous system with reference to developmental aspects.

The aspartic endopeptidase cathepsin D was demonstrated in post mortem human brain by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The enzyme protein was found to be present in multiple neurons as well as in some glial cells. In embryonic nervous tissue cathepsin D was detected as early as at the 12th gestational week. During neuroontogenesis there was a continuous increase in cathepsin D immunoreactivity.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Continuous monitoring of subcutaneous glucose concentration using implanted enzyme electrodes].

The subcutaneous glucose concentration was continuously monitored in the neck of healthy unanaesthetized dogs employing a miniaturized glucose oxidase/H2O2 sensor. Under steady state conditions it amounted to approximately 50% of the circulating level. Induced alterations (oral or intravenous glucose loads) were mirrored with a delay, which was mainly determined by the sensor characteristics. Minor alterations in circulating glucose concentration (e.g. from 4.5 up to 7.5 mmol/l within 60 min) as induced by the oral load do not alter the concentration ratio between interstitial glucose and glycoemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A novel biologically active selenoorganic compound--IV. Protective glutathione-dependent effect of PZ 51 (ebselen) against ADP-Fe induced lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes.

PZ 51 (Ebselen) is capable of inhibiting ADP-Fe-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes, assessed by generation of low-level chemiluminescence, and the formation of alkanes (ethane, n-pentane) and malondialdehyde. The sulphur analog PZ 25 is much less active. PZ 51 is ineffective in glutathione-depleted hepatocytes that were obtained after phorone pretreatment of the animals. However, other antioxidants, like (+)-cyanidanol-3 or diethyldithiocarbamate are effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation also in glutathione-depleted cells. The results are attributed to a GSH peroxidase-like activity of PZ 51. Addition of the chemically synthetized compound, PZ 51-SG, a glutathione adduct of PZ 51, does not provide extra protection in GSH-depleted cells in comparison to the parent compound, PZ 51. Dithioerythritol exhibits a protective effect, and PZ 51 is more efficient than in the absence of this thiol reductant. Dithioerythritol also exerts an effect in glutathione-depleted cells. A peroxidase-like activity using DTE as reductant is demonstrated in vitro.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Effect of age and ambient temperature on n-pentane production in adult housefly, Musca domestica.

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between lipid peroxidation and aging in the male housefly. Metabolic rate of flies is known to be higher and life span shorter at elevated ambient temperature. Evolution of n-pentane and level of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive material were used as indicators of lipid peroxidation. n-Pentane accumulated by houseflies in vivo and by whole body homogenates of houseflies, in response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM), increased with age. n-Pentane accumulation in vivo was markedly higher at higher ambient temperature. Furthermore, n-pentane generated by flies in vivo and by fly homogenates in vitro tended to be lower in flies raised at a lower ambient temperature. TBA-reactive material, elicited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, was augmented in older flies, but no significant difference was found between flies aged at different ambient temperatures. Analysis of fatty acids in housefly homogenates indicated an age-associated increase in the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

[Improvement of preoperative evaluation of palpable, noncystic processes of the breast by echomammography].

Sonographic examination of the female breast has now been generally accepted as a clinical examination method. 1 719 patients were subjected to echomammography within the framework of a prospective study. Histologically confirmed results were obtained from 496 palpable findings. Basing on these findings, the value of echomammography was developed in respect of preoperative clarification of palpable carcinomas of the breast. X-ray mammography served as reference method. In benign findings, echomammographic accuracy is 73%, whereas the accuracy of x-ray mammography was found to be 58% only. Fibroadenomas were recognised as a benign process by both methods with an equal quota of accuracy (71% and 73%, respectively). 82% of all fibrocystic mastopathy findings which could be localised via palpation, were sonographically graded as benign, whereas mammography classified only 49% as benign cases. This difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Palpable carcinomas wee considered to be malignant via sonography in 91% of the cases (179 out of 197), whereas x-ray mammography yielded a rate of 82% only. The intraoperative T1 stage was established by sonography in 85% of the palpable carcinomas, whereas x-ray mammography yielded a figure of 76% only. These results underline the importance of echomammography in preoperative clarification of palpable carcinomas of the breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

[Problems and limits of mammographic cancer diagnosis. Comparison of preoperative radiologic diagnosis with histologic findings in 335 patients with subcutaneous mastectomy].

Subcutaneous mastectomy was performed in 335 patients between 1974 and 1982. In 265 of these, original mammographies were available which were analysed retrospectively and compared with the final histological finding of the subcutaneous mastectomy preparation. The rate of newly discovered non-invasive carcinomas in this was 11%, whereas the rate of invasive carcinomas was 8%. Radiological criteria: high degree of dysplasia, difficult assessment and mastopathy associated with large cysts, are associated with a significantly increased number of malignant histological findings. The radiological criteria of mastopathy, such as adenosis, fibrosis, indurating oedema of stroma, small-cyst mastopathy, as well as parenchymal patterns according to Wolfe, are not important with regard to our group of patients in respect of further selection of risk patients. Criteria of malignancy which are typical of carcinoma, are on the whole rarely recognised, because their assessment is often difficult. In patients with preceding carcinoma of the other breast, indication for subcutaneous mastectomy in case of "unclear" mammography has proved justified: In 4 out of 18 cases, a non-invasive or invasive carcinoma was found. Indication for primary subcutaneous mastectomy was too liberal in case mammography had been assessed as "benign", for the carcinoma rate was only 1/73. In radiologically "unclear" findings, the number of subsequently discovered non-invasive and invasive carcinomas was distinctly higher (in each case 6 out of 58). In such cases an attempt should be made to confirm preoperative diagnosis by means of additive measures before performing subcutaneous mastectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Optimal CT settings for bone evaluations.

In CT densitometry the precision, sensitivity and accuracy of the procedure are limited by photon noise, the degree of tissue differentiation and artefacts caused by the finite size of the x-ray beam, hardening of the x-rays and scattered radiation. These artefacts are highly dependent on the CT settings, such as x-ray spectrum and effective energy, intensity of photon flux and collimation of the beam. To monitor the progression of a disease or the efficacy of a therapy, longitudinal studies are necessary; thus the radiation dose per examination should be kept at a minimum. For bone evaluation of the peripheral skeleton it is shown that there is a narrow optimal energy range of 30-40 keV where a dose below 150 mu Sv is sufficient to detect a change of 1% in trabecular bone density at the 0.1 confidence level. Concomitantly accuracy might be better than 1% if adequate beam collimation is applied.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1985

DNA flow cytometry of ovarian tumors with correlation to histopathology.

Tissue samples from 49 women with seven benign and 42 malignant ovarian tumors were examined by means of DNA flow cytometry (FCM). The FCM data (DNA-ploidy and the number of S-phase fractions) were compared with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, the histologic grade of differentiation and in some cases with the clinical outcome. The benign ovarian tumors were all diploid with a mean of 2.1% (+/- 1.66) S-phase fractions. Adenocarcinomas with the histologic grade 1 were diploid and had a mean of 2.1% (+/- 1.17) S-phase fractions. Grade 2 adenocarcinomas were aneuploid in eight of nine cases and revealed an increased proliferative activity (7.7% +/- 2.67 S-phase fractions). A high number of aneuploid cases (nine of 13) and an increased DNA synthesis were found in grade 3 adenocarcinomas (12.0% +/- 5.72 S-phase fractions). Four of six malignant nonepithelial tumors also had high numbers of S-phase fractions (9.7-14.5%). A significant correlation between the histologic grade and the DNA synthesis, FIGO stage, and DNA-ploidy was found. DNA-FCM may be used as an additional diagnostic tool supplementing routine histopathologic examination of ovarian tumors for better biological characterization, especially for those with uncertain grading, for grade 2 neoplasms, and for malignant nonepithelial tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Stereologic correlates of steroid receptor concentration in invasive ductal breast cancer.

The hypothesis was tested that morphometric parameters of tumor cell nuclei correlate with the steroid receptor concentration in mammary carcinoma. In 50 consecutive mastectomy specimens with a diagnosis of invasive ductal cancer in which estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations had been assayed quantitatively, morphometric measurements were performed on four visual fields of two sections per case. The fields were sampled from the most cellular regions of the tumor. The number of tumor cell nuclear profiles per tissue area, the nuclear profile area and the long and short nuclear profile axes and their ratios were measured with a semiautomatic image analysis system. Estimates of the number of tumor cell nuclei per tissue volume (Nv) and of the mean tumor cell nuclear volume (V) were obtained by standard stereologic techniques. Association between the morphometric and biochemical parameters was tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Nv correlated positively with the steroid receptor concentration whereas V correlated negatively with both ER and PR concentrations. A correlation of the receptor concentrations to the standard deviation of the nuclear area or the mean ratio of the nuclear axes could not be demonstrated. These results suggest that receptor-rich tumors have a large number of small tumor cell nuclei whereas receptor-poor tumors have a small number of large tumor cell nuclei per tissue volume in the actively proliferating, highly cellular regions. These differences are not accompanied by significant changes in nuclear size variability or nuclear shape.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[5MHz realtime sonography of the breast. 2. Examination technic and diagnostic value].

The diagnostic value of mamma-sonography using realtime technique was evaluated in a prospective study based on the experience of 452 pathomorphologically confirmed sonographic results. Large cysts (greater than 1 cm) were correctly classified as 97%, while small cysts (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized in 84%. Eighty-six percent of the fibroadenomas were visualized; 50% of these lesions were classified as "benign" and 34% as "equivocal--probably benign". In 70% of the patients with mastopathic alterations, no abnormalities were detected sonographically, except when cystic lesions (greater than 3 mm) were present. Fifty-percent of the in-situ-carcinomas and small carcinomas (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized, while 97% of the larger carcinomas (greater than 1 cm) were demonstrated. The frequency of the different echographic criteria was analyzed with regard to the pathohistological results.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

[The economic evaluation of vaccination against infectious cough in horses using the cost-benefit analysis].

Approximately 40% of all horses in the Federal Republic of Germany had infectious respiratory disease in 1982. Although an expert vaccine prophylaxis confers a reliable protection, conventional therapy is preferred over vaccination because of the cost. The cost/effect analysis carried out in this investigation demonstrates that vaccination should be favoured also for economic reasons. Based on the individual animal immune prophylaxis saves the horse owner at least 415 DM per year. This analysis did not take into account the danger of a transmission to man and related infection chains of viruses primarily responsible for respiratory disease in horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Anatomically shaped, unsharp, lead-containing acrylic glass filter for optimization of thoracic roentgenography].

Acrylic glass filters fitted near to the tube and shaped according to the patient's anatomy with a lead equivalent of 120 mu enhance the diagnostic value of a plain radiograph of the chest with 95% of the patients. The pulmonary vessels and mediastinal structures can be assessed on film. Compared with the X-ray film without filter, the pulmonary vessels are visualised with equal clarity. Accurate adjustment of the patient is facilitated by the fact that the filter limits show up in the light viewfinder. Repeat X-ray films are necessary in less than 2% of the case. Artifacts are caused by anatomical chest variations as well as by large patients, and hence the use of the filter should be omitted in about 5% of the patients.

Adolescent↗