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Biomedical subjects

A Mashberg

Publications and source records attributed to A Mashberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Toluidine blue.

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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx among U.S. veterans.

BACKGROUND: Independent carcinogenic effects of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking as well as their interaction can be usefully studied in a population of heavy drinkers and smokers. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted during 1972 to 1983 in a large Veterans hospital in East Orange, New Jersey. A total of 359 oral cavity-oropharynx cancer cases and 2280 controls were interviewed according to tobacco smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, alcoholic beverage, coffee and tea drinking, race, family origin, religion, and occupation as bartender. RESULTS: Odds ratio of oral cancer increased up to the level of 35 cigarettes per day and 21 whiskey equivalents per day: no further increase was found for higher level of exposure to either factor. A protective effect of quitting smoking was found, but the number of former smokers was small. No difference occurred in oral cancer risk according to type of alcoholic beverage drunk. An interaction effect compatible with a multiplicative model was found between the two exposures. Blacks were at lower risk than whites, and, in the latter group, individuals of Italian origin were at lower risk than individuals from northern or central European countries. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were responsible for the majority of oral cancer cases in this population of US Veterans.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Head and neck cancer.

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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1992

Carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on anatomic sites of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

A series of 359 male patients with 424 cancer lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx identified at a US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center were divided according to site of origin of the lesion and compared with 2,280 controls from the same hospital with respect to exposure to tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Sites of origin were: floor of the mouth (153), oral tongue (50), anterior tonsillar pillar (49), soft palate (44), lingual aspect of retromolar trigone (11), alveolar ridge (5), buccal mucosa (4), and hard palate (2). Forty-one patients had cancers in multiple sites. Tobacco smoking was more strongly associated with soft-palate lesions than with lesions in more anterior sites. Patients with cancer of floor of the mouth and oral tongue had higher odds ratios for alcohol drinking than subjects with cancers of other sites. This study supports the hypothesis of the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke and alcoholic beverages on the oral mucosa through direct contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Role of tobacco and alcoholic beverages in the etiology of cancer of the oral cavity/oropharynx in Torino, Italy.

A population-based case-control study of cancer of oral cavity-oropharynx was conducted in the city of Torino, Italy, between 1982 and 1984. One hundred twenty-two cases (86 males and 36 females) and 606 controls (385 males and 221 females) were compared with respect to lifelong alcohol and tobacco consumption. A 4- to 6-fold increase in risk among subjects with medium or high tobacco consumption was observed, as well as a trend in increasing risk with duration and with earlier age at the start of smoking. Other findings included a sharp reduction in risk with cessation of smoking, no clear protective effect of usage of filter, no differences in risk according to color of tobacco, and a higher risk for cigar versus pipe/cigarette smokers. An effect of alcoholic beverages was found in subjects with an average daily consumption of 120 or more grams of alcohol, with a higher risk in beer drinkers. Among heavy consumers of alcohol and tobacco, risks of both oral and oropharyngeal cancer were very high. A positive association between oral cancer and low educational level, after adjustment for alcohol and tobacco, was found. Attributable risks for alcohol and tobacco in the population were 23% and 72% in men and 34% and 54% in women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Appearance, site of occurrence, and physical and clinical characteristics of oral carcinoma in Torino, Italy.

The appearance, site of occurrence, and selected physical and clinical characteristics are reported for 102 symptomatic carcinomas diagnosed during a 30-month period in Torino, Italy. Erythroplasia was a more significant visual component than leukoplakia, confirming the results of a previous study on asymptomatic cancer in a US population. Floor of the mouth, oral tongue, and soft palate complex accounted for 75% of all sites and 84% of sites if posterior pillar is excluded. Seventeen percent of the lesions were T1, 60% T2, and 23% larger than T2. Size of the lesion was associated with anterior or posterior position and the mobility of the structure, as well as with ulceration, bleeding, and lymphadenopathy (55% of cancers had no nodal involvement). Tumefaction, burning, and pain were the most frequently reported symptoms. About 50% of patients experienced a time lapse between onset of symptoms and final diagnosis of less than 3 months, and this proportion was higher among patients with T1 cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical criteria for identifying early oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: erythroplasia revisited.

From 1961 to 1981, we evaluated 502 asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal lesions in a veterans population of tobacco and alcohol users. Three hundred twenty-six cancers (236 invasive and 90 in situ) in 276 patients were recorded and described. For invasive cancers and in situ lesions, 64 percent and 54 percent, respectively, were red or predominantly red. Eleven percent and 16 percent were white only or predominantly white. The invasive cancers were more often granular than the in situ cancers. The traditional clinical characteristics of ulceration, induration (palpability), elevation, bleeding, and associated cervical adenopathy were not usually present in these early lesions. We found leukoplakia to be a variable characteristic as opposed to the almost constant presence of erythroplasia. These findings strongly suggest that it would probably be useful to eliminate the term leukoplakia from the discussion of cancer in a population of tobacco and alcohol users.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1986

Relation of thickness of floor of mouth stage I and II cancers to regional metastasis.

We have reviewed the clinical course and histologic findings in 84 patients with stage I and II squamous carcinoma of the mouth floor. We concluded that lesion thickness may offer a useful method for predicting the probability of cervical metastasis in node negative (N0) patients. Moreover, surface area of the lesion did not correlate with subsequent nodal disease, whereas thickness did. Elective node dissection appears to be strongly indicated in any patient with a N0 lesion measuring more than 1.5 mm in thickness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A study of the relationship between mouthwash use and oral and pharyngeal cancer.

As part of a larger case control study on a male veteran population at risk (drinking and smoking) for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 95 cases and 913 controls provided complete histories in a questionnaire that included data on mouthwash use. Analysis revealed no significant differences in the frequency of mouthwash users in cancer cases versus controls. In addition, no significant differences could be found between users and nonusers of mouthwash in relation to age or smoking and drinking habits. When a logistic regression analysis was performed to simultaneously remove the effects of age, or smoking and drinking habits, while controlling for all other factors, oral and pharyngeal cancer did not appear related to mouthwash use. In this study there is no evidence that mouthwash is a risk factor in the development of oral and pharyngeal cancer in males.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Tolonium (toluidine blue) rinse--a screening method for recognition of squamous carcinoma. Continuing study of oral cancer IV.

Tolonium chloride (toluidine blue) application is useful for identifying malignant changes in squamous mucosa. However, early asymptomatic mucosal changes may remain undetected by tolonium application. A study was carried out to determine the feasibility of using a tolonium mouth rinse as a routine procedure after thorough clinical examination, to discover undetected cancers. A proved, effective tolonium application method was compared with a rinse sequence. One hundred five asymptomatic oral lesions (51 carcinomas and 54 nonmalignant lesions) that persisted for ten to 14 days were evaluated with application and rinse modalities and biopsies. There were 2% false-negatives (1/51) with the application as opposed to 5.9% (3/51) with the rinse and 9.3% false-positives (5/54) with the application as compared to 7.4% (4/54) with the rinse. Four inapparent, second primary cancers, unobserved for application, were delineated by the rinse (three oral, one pharyngeal). Tolonium blue rinse may be used to detect unobserved, asymptomatic oral mucosal cancers after clinical examination. After a positive rinse stain, a subsequent positive application stain ten to 14 days later mandates a biopsy of the lesion.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗