Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A N Cheredeev.
Suggestion has been made that the development of immunodeficient states should be considered as the result of the acceleration of the apoptosis of immune cells. The pathogenetic basis of the apoptogenic mechanism of the development of immunodeficient morbidity is considered.
Examination of children with different noninfectious diseases resulted in obtaining the data base on the state of health of 201 children belonging to the potential risk group of the development of secondary immunodeficiency. The children were subdivided into several groups which differed by the type of immune disturbances and accompanying metabolic shifts. The level of antibodies to one of the fragments of peptidoglycan-N-acetylmuramyldipeptide was compared with the character of changes in the immune system. Different titers of serum antibodies to peptidoglycan were found to correspond to different forms of immune disturbances. The study showed that from the group with the absence of definite signs of immunodeficiency to the group with the pronounced deficiency of T lymphocytes and monocytes expressing CD14 antigen changes in the immune system increased in parallel to a rise in the concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin, the development of hypercholesterolemia and a decreased level of antibodies to peptidoglycan. Opportunistic microflora was seemingly an important factor in the formation of definite forms of disturbances of the immune system and accompanying metabolic shifts.
The effect of the inclusion of probiotic preparations for the correction of disturbances in normal intestinal microflora into the complex therapy of patients wish Duchenne's childhood muscular dystrophy and Becker's myopathy was analyzed. Probiotic therapy made it possible to improve the clinical state of patients, manifested by an increase in muscular strength and accompanied by positive shifts in electromyographic, immunological, biochemical, hormonal characteristics. Intestinal microbiocenosis plays seemingly a certain role in the formation of hereditary pathology.
The results of clinical observations and laboratory data make it possible to regard dysbacteriosis as an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic noninfectious pathology in children. The adequate complex correction of intestinal dysbacteriosis on the basis of probiotic therapy facilitates the prolonged remission of the disease in children with diabetes mellitus of type 1 (DM1) and myopathy, decreases severity of late complications of DM1. A suggestion is made on the role of dysbiotic microflora in the development of chronic non-infectious pathology in children.
Methodological approaches to evaluation of the migration activity of human peripheral blood neutrophils into a collagen matrix were worked out. The migration of neutrophils in healthy donors and in patients with severe bronchial asthma was studied. In the normal state there was practically no migration of intact neutrophils into the collagen matrix (1.1 +/- 0.4%). Following their stimulation by formyi peptide about a quarter of their population was drawn into the matrix in avalanche (22.0 +/- 5.9%). In the acute phase of severe bronchial asthma an increase in both spontaneous (3.3 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01) and stimulated (35.6 +/- 4.6%, P < 0.001) cell migration occurred. Changes in the migration characteristics of the neutrophils of patients and those of the cells of healthy donors, treated with the polycytokine preparation at concentrations exceeding 100 g/ml, followed similar trends. In case of the standard asthma treatment along with positive disease dynamics further increase in spontaneous neutrophil migration (5.8 +/- 2.9%, P < 0.001) in combination with deficiency in cells reaction to formyi peptide (11.8 +/- 3.8%, P < 0.01) was registered. At the same time dexamethasone did not change the character of the in vitro migration of neutrophils into the collagen matrix. Thus the dynamics of the peripheral blood neutrophil migration during treatment of severe bronchial asthma was demonstrated; this dynamics could be indicative of the pathogenetic role of neutrophils in the development of this pathology.
The paper is concerned with a study of a response of lymphocytic Fc receptors (FcR) to modulators regulating their expression (prostaglandins E2 and F2, 2 X 10(-9) M, isoproterenol 10(-5), 10(-6) M) as compared to changes in the lymphocyte membrane lipid composition of patients with obesity of II-III degree with a high blood cholesterol level up to 9-10 nmol/l. Two groups were distinguished among obese patients: "areactive" in which lymphocytic FcR did not respond to modulators, and "reactive" in which FcR responded at least to one of 4 utilized modulators. Research into the lipid spectrum of lymphocytic membranes revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in membranes of "areactive" lymphocytes to 4 +/- 0.6% (against the normal level of 8.9 +/- 0.7%). In order to make up completely for immunodeficiency in obesity, lipotropic agents and food rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids could be recommended.
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A model for comprehensive assessment of morphologic parameters of a cell (area, nucleus and cytoplasm area, degree of spreading), based on the use of a scanning device, has been developed. The model comprises an original method for staining the preparations, which permits assessment of the degree of cell spreading by microdensitometry, and updating the equipment and software. The programs help assess the integral and derivative parameters, such as the area of the interface zone of a cell, the shape factor, spreading, and nucleus to cytoplasm ratio. Using this model, the effect of peripheral blood mononuclears on the morphology of transformed murine fibroblasts L929 upon a contact exposure was assessed. Addition of mononuclears to fibroblast culture led to alteration of their morphology: increase of the mean cellular area, degree of spreading, and of shape factor and reduction of the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. This was true for both the mean values and the population composition.
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