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Biomedical subjects

A Neiss

Publications and source records attributed to A Neiss.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Survival and quality of life after continuous accelerated radiotherapy of glioblastomas.

One hundred and thirty three patients were given radiotherapy after subtotal resection of glioblastoma with different total doses and fractionation schedules including 38 patients receiving continuous accelerated fractionation with 3 fractions of 1.6 Gy per day up to 60 Gy in 2 weeks. Tolerance of the accelerated schedule was as good as of the conventional schedules but overall survival was not improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Advantages and problems of multicenter therapy studies exemplified by a study of the treatment of metastasizing renal cell carcinoma with recombinant interferon-alpha-2c].

The advantages of multicenter trials are numerous: quicker recruitment of the necessary number of patients, clearer results which are more convincing and whose acceptance is higher, as the patient sample of multicenter trials is supposed to be representative. However, multicenter trials require strong efforts for quality assurance concerning admission, treatment and follow-up, thus a highly developed coordinating center is needed. Data on recruitment and protocol compliance, i.e. deviations from the study protocol, are presented for the study of the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and discussed with respect to their impact on the results of the study. 102 patients were randomized either for IFN alpha-2C or IFN alpha-2C plus medroxyprogesteroneacetate. 16% of the patients violated inclusion criteria and essential data were missing in 16% of the patients. Overall treatment results (remission rate of 5.6%, median survival time of 7 months) and the data on adverse events have been biased by lack of protocol compliance. However, the results concerning the lack of differences between treatments remain valid.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1986

[Therapy and prevention of reflux esophagitis. Results of a multicenter study with cimetidine. I: Epidemiology and results of acute therapy].

In a sequential observational study efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of cimetidine for the treatment of reflux-oesophagitis (RE) were examined. 22 office-based specialists took part in the trial. 187 patients received 1600 mg cimetidine (400 mg q.i.d.) daily and 136 patients received 800 mg cimetidine (400 mg b.i.d.) daily, over twelve weeks. The two dosages proved to be equally effective. In the group of patients with RE of stage I at the beginning of the trial, the healing rates were 82% under 1600 mg cimetidine/die and 86% under 800 mg cimetidine/die. In the group of those patients, who entered the study with RE of stage II, in both dosage groups the lesions of 87% of the patients were healed completely or had decreased to stage I. The severity of the mucosal lesions was judged endoscopically, based on a classification scheme modified according to Savary and Miller. The incidence of unwanted symptoms was not significantly different in both dosage groups (1600 mg: 5.3%, 800 mg: 3.4%); none of the symptoms which occurred was judged as definitely caused by cimetidine. The patient collective of the trial was characterized epidemiologically; out of the risk factors examined, only duration of RE history and number of previous RE episodes correlated with the severity of the disease, smoking and alcohol consumption showed no influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Determination of serum theophylline concentration in ambulatory practice].

Serum-theophylline concentration was measured in 486 ambulatory patients from 407 referring practitioners. They had been on maintenance treatment of 350 mg theophylline (Bronchoretard) twice daily. The concentration was within therapeutic range (8 to 20 mg/l) in 53% of patients, while it was below it in 43% and above in 4%. About half the patients receiving this dose would thus need individual adaptation of dosage, guided by clinical findings and serum concentration, in order to achieve optimal use of the drug's prophylactic and therapeutic potential. It is concluded that (1) theophylline dosage based entirely on standard dose will lead to an unacceptably high percentage of under-dosing; (2) schematic consideration of body-weight, sex, age, living habits, and accompanying diseases proved to be unreliable and insufficient for individual dose determination; (3) dose adaptation to individual clinical situations and serum concentration is necessary in theophylline treatment of ambulatory patients and, in the light of present technical facilities, is cost-effective.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment results in brain metastases with primary irradiation and after surgery and postoperative irradiation].

61 patients with cerebral metastases were treated between 1977 and 1982, 32 out of them were operated and postoperatively irradiated, 29 only irradiated. The irradiations were given for curative purposes. Sixteen patients were alive at the date of December 31, 1982. The survival times calculated with the method of Kaplan-Mayer were 10 months after surgery and irradiation and 5 months after irradiations alone. In case of metastases of the mammary carcinoma, surgery with irradiation seems to be an especially effective method, as is suggested by the median survival time of 35 months and the total absence of local recurrences. In most of the other cases, too, the prolonged survival time was accompanied by a good quality of life which lasted for a considerable period of time. Younger patients had a longer survival time than older patients. The results of a high-dosed therapy with several daily fractions, namely 60 Gy within 17 days or 1825 ret NSD, respectively, were not (yet) better than those of conventional fractionation and dosage with 50 to 60 Gy in 5 to 6 weeks or 1572 to 1768 ret NSD, respectively. However, the value of this method was the same, its advantage lying in the shorter treatment time. Only in patients over 60 years, above all if they had received a total-brain irradiation with this method, we think to have seen a more frequent development of psychosyndromes. (The calculation of the survival times includes all cases, even patients who died during or shortly after radiotherapy).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Studies on bacterial hypersensitivity in man. Interrelationship between skin reactions to bacterial peptidoglycan and serum peptidoglycan antibody titers.

The nature and extent of bacterially induced allergies are difficult to define. Since peptidoglycan, the main component of the cell wall of almost all bacteria, has been available in a highly purified, chemically and immunologically well-defined form, investigation of the allergological significance of this cell component is feasible. Intracutaneous tests were carried out on 181 test subjects with five different peptidoglycan (PG) preparations from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus Pyogenes. The results of the investigation were compared with the result of determination of serum PG antibodies and serum IgE concentrations. It was shown that test subjects with dual and later reactions to three different staphylococcal PGs displayed significantly higher PG antibody titers than test subjects with negative reactions. Such a relationship could not be found with the cutaneous reactions to streptococcal PG. The total serum IgE values were very much higher in test subjects with immediate reactions to staphylococcal PG than in test subjects with a negative reaction. Typical Arthus reaction or late granulomatous reactions were not observed. Humoral antibodies are involved at least in part in the elicitation of dual and late reactions. Thus, there are interesting parallels to allergy to fungal spores and organic dusts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Prognostic validity of biochemical data and immunofluorescence microscopy in acute hepatitis B (author's transl)].

For an early identification of chronic courses of hepatitis virus B infections a statistical prediction model based on simple biochemical parameters and immunofluorescence microscopy for the investigation of virus HBs and HBc antigen expression in liver tissue is established. As early as 3 weeks after maximum liver cell damage it is possible to identify chronic virus B infections and to predict the further course of hepatitis (CPH, CAH).

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1981

[Serum levels of cholylglycine and sulfolitho-cholylglycine in the course of acute hepatitis (author's transl)].

In 20 patients with acute hepatitis B the serum levels of cholylglycine and sulfolitho-cholylglycine were investigated by radioimmunoassay; bile acid concentrations and routine biochemical parameters were determined weekly. The statistical evaluation displayed a close correlation between serum levels of cholylglycine and bilirubin during the course of hepatitis, and between serum levels of sulfolitho-cholylglycine and the enzyme activities of liver cell damage parameters (GOT, GPT, GIDH), respectively. A tentative interpretation on the validity of bile acid assays (CG, SLCG) in hepatobiliary disease is presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Skin reactions to isolated bacterial cell wall components, bacterial peptidoglycan in particular].

To elucidate the pathogenetic mechanism of bacterial-allergical diseases and of reactions provoked by bacterial test substances (e.g. the intracutaneous test), it is necessary to analyse carefully various factors involved in these reactions. To try to separate toxic from immunological reactions minute amounts of peptidoglycan in four different preparations were applied to humans by intracutaneous injections. Peptidoglycan, an immunologically well defined wall components of almost all bacteria and which is therefore ubiquitous, was isolated from staphylococci and streptococci. The skin reactions were evaluated by macroscopical, microscopical and immunohistological observations, as well as by electromicroscopy and statistical means. Several findings indicate the involvement of immunological factors in the observed skin reactions. In some cases no measurable reaction was seen, whereas in others typical skin reactions occurred. Similar reactions were produced by the antigenically related peptidoglycans isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. These reactions differed, however, from those elicited by peptidoglycan preparations from Streptococcus pyogenes type A. Patients with chronic bacterial infections and who were injected by four bacterial preparations demonstrated a significant increase in delayed hypersensitivity reaction compared with two other groups of patients (atopic patients without chronic infection). Because of the very low test dose, necrotic skin reactions, which occur in animal experiments, were not observed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

[Antiarrhythmic drugs in chronic ventricular extrasystole (author's transl)].

Several class I antiarrhythmic drugs were used in an intraindividual comparative study in 15 patients with chronic stable ventricular extrasystole of various origins. In a randomised sequence lidocaine, ajmalin and, in a cross-over double blind study with placebo, the new antiarrhythmic Org 6001 were tested. Propafenon was given as a final preparation. Each substance was administered parentally in therapeutic doses. A significant placebo effect could be excluded, baseline control values before administration of individual substances correlated well. Comparing mean values obtained over one hour before and after administration of the substance it was shown that the effectiveness of drugs decreased as follows: ajmalin, propafenon, lidocaine, Org 6001. Whereas suppression of extrasystole was most marked after ajmalin, propafenon showed the longest period of activity. After Org 6001 divergent activity of arrhythmia could be observed; in some patients good antiarrhythmic effects could be demonstrated. For evaluation of effectiveness and validity of new antiarrhythmic substances intraindividual comparison with placebo and well established standard antiarrhythmic drugs is advisable.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of potassium ampicillin.

Potassium ampicillin was studied in normal volunteers. It was administered orally to a group of five male subjects in a single dose of 500 mg. Peak plasma concentrations (2.00-6.75 microgram/ml) were reached within 1.30 to 2.23 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed according to the two-compartment open model. The mean value of elimination half-life was 0.96 h, and the urinary recovery was about 66% of the administered dose within 6 h. The apparent distribution volume had an average of 0.8 l/kg. This indicates that there exists a more or less uniform potassium ampicillin distribution throughout the various body compartments.

Adult↗