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Biomedical subjects

A Ortner

Publications and source records attributed to A Ortner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Genotoxic properties of 4-hydroxyalkenals and analogous aldehydes.

4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), one of the major products of lipid peroxidation, has been demonstrated to induce genotoxic effects in the micromolar range. HNE has too structural domains, a lipophilic tail and a polar head with three functional groups: the aldehyde and hydroxy groups and the trans CC double bond. To evaluate their relative importance, the genotoxic effects of HNE were compared with those of the homologous aldehydes 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxyundecenal (different lengths of the lipophilic tail), and the analogous aldehydes 2-trans-nonenal (lacking the OH group) and nonanal (lacking the OH group and the trans CC double bond). This investigation was carried out on primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes in order to further determine the influence of biotransformation- and/or detoxification reactions. A 3-h treatment with HNE induces statistically significant levels of SCE at concentrations > or = 0.1 microM, micronuclei at concentrations > or = 1 microM and chromosomal aberrations at a concentration of 10 microM. Compared to HNE the homologous aldehydes induced a significant genotoxic effect at higher concentrations. Statistically significant increases in SCE frequency were obtained at concentrations > or = 1 microM for 4-hydroxyundecenal and at a concentration of 10 microM for 4-hydroxyhexenal. The induction of chromosomal aberrations was significantly elevated at concentrations of > or = 10 microM and 10 microM for 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxyundecenal, respectively. Except for a 4-hydroxyhexenal concentration of 1 microM, both aldehydes did not induce statistically significant levels of micronuclei. The HNE analogous aldehydes 2-trans-nonenal and nonanal induced statistically significant frequencies of SCE at concentrations of > or = 1 microM (nonanal) and > or = 10 microM (2-trans-nonenal). No significant induction of chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei could be demonstrated. The structure of the aldehydes investigated appears to influence the cyto- and genotoxic potential in the following ways. (1) The length of the lipophilic tail has no influence on chromosomal aberration induction, but appears to determine the yield of SCE and micronuclei, and the cytotoxic potential. (2) The lack of the OH group (2-trans-nonenal) reduces the SCE-inducing potential of the aldehyde shifting the dose-effect curve to higher concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of body posture and venous congestion on blood fat picture].

The effects on the concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipids (HDL), triglycerides and glycerol of temporary venous occlusion during blood sampling and changing body posture (lying and standing) were measured on 20 healthy male volunteers (mean age 25 [21-27] years) with normal blood-lipid levels. Venous occlusion in the upper arm increased the concentration of lipids in the antecubital vein, by 8% after five min and 37% after 15 min. Initial levels were restored 10 and 15 min after the occlusion. Blood-lipid levels were similarly raised on standing up again. After 5 min they had risen by about 9%, after 15 min by 16%. After renewed recumbency the levels were up from the initial values by 5% after 10 min and by 3% after 15 min (P less than 0.01). The concentration of free glycerol on the whole varied randomly, but there was a statistically significant rise after 10 and 15 min standing. These results indicate that different techniques of blood sampling can influence the lipid concentrations in venous blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Possible mutagens derived from lipids and lipid precursors.

Free radicals can initiate the oxidative decomposition of cellular membranes by lipid peroxidation. In this process a great variety of reactive aldehydes are produced intracellularly. Some of them, such as 4-hydroxynonenal or malonaldehyde, are biologically very active and might be involved in free radical-mediated DNA damage. A short review of the effects of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products on isolated DNA, their genotoxic effect in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their in vivo carcinogenicity is given. Additionally own experiments on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 4-hydroxynonenal, 2-nonenal and nonanal in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes are reported. 4-Hydroxynonenal was highly cytotoxic at 100 microM, at subcytotoxic concentrations of 0.1-10 microM 4-hydroxynonenal increased the frequency of micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchange. 2-Nonenal and nonanal were not cytotoxic at 100 microM, the maximum dose tested. At 100 microM 2-nonenal led to a slight increase in micronuclei; chromosomal aberrations were not significantly altered. Nonanal had no detectable genotoxic effects. The level of endogenous 4-hydroxynonenal in tissues is in the range of 0.1-3.0 microM and can increase to 10 microM in conditions of oxidative stress; such levels appear to be sufficiently high to produce DNA damages, whether such damages are transient or irreversible is not known.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and endocrinologic study of precocious puberty in girls.

We describe 30 girls with precocious puberty whom we have seen during the last ten years. Modern procedures such as cerebral computer tomography and abdominal sonography increase diagnostic accuracy so that the incidence of idiopathic precocious puberty is likely to diminish. Abdominal sonography is of value in detecting and monitoring the growth of ovarian cysts and thus exploratory laparotomy can be avoided in those cases in which cysts regress rapidly. A modified classification of precocious is proposed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness of rubella vaccination in the puerperium].

This study investigates the degree of effectiveness of post partum rubella vaccination, measured as percentage of true seroconversions. The vaccine used was RA 27/3. In the years 1983/84 the seronegative rate was 7% of the total number of births. The 270 seronegative women who had given birth during these two years had all been vaccinated post partum. 128 of them were controlled, and a seroconversion rate of 91.4% was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Morphologic changes in cervix smears by intrauterine pessary].

656 cervical smears and 74 endocervical biopsies were studied for morphological alterations associated with the presence of an intrauterine device. 12,085 cervical smears served as a control for inflammatory and metaplastic cellular changes. Slight to moderate cellular alterations were found in 202 (31%) out of 656 cases. Metaplastic and inflammatory lesions were identified in 26 (35%) out of 74 endocervical biopsies. We found no increased incidence of dysplastic lesions in women wearing an intrauterine device. Inflammatory and metaplastic cellular alterations have been seen more frequently in women with IUD than in the controls. The duration of time the IUD were in situ, did not have an effect on the cellular alterations. "Actinomyces-like" organisms were described in 38 (6%) out of 656 cases. The cytopathologist may be able to identify an "IUD-related" specimen in about one third of PAP-smears from women with an IUD, when he is aware that cervical smears from women having IUD may present with cellular alterations.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1983

May high oxygen affinity of maternal hemoglobin cause fetal growth retardation?

Eleven pregnant women with normal fetal outcome (controls), seven women with small for dates babies and 15 non-pregnant women were studied. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and the half saturation tension of oxygen, P50-value (as a measure for the oxygen affinity of Hb) were measured. Urine estriol excretion, HPL in plasma and antepartum cardiotocograms served as parameters of fetal well-being. The placental weight and the largest placental diameter were measured immediately after birth. The patients with small for dates babies showed significant lower P50-values (27.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg) than those without growth retardation (28.5 +/- 0.3 mm Hg) and were in the range of the non-pregnant controls (27.4 +/- 0.2 mm Hg). Hb was 135.2 +/- 3.8 g/l in the patients with small for dates babies, 118.3 +/- 4.3 g/l in pregnant controls and 136.8 +/- 3.3 g/l in non-pregnant women. Hematocrit paralleled the Hb. The placental weights were significantly lower in women with small for dates babies, but no difference in placental diameters was found. These data, higher oxygen affinity of Hb, increased Hct and lower placental weight, indicate an unfavourable situation in regards to placental oxygen transfer with possible chronic hypoxia of the fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Epithelial compartment volume density: a proposal of a prognosis score in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

The point count method was used to calculate the relative volume density of the epithelial, stromal, and luminal compartments of endometrial adenocarcinoma, according to stereological principles. All three compartments could be correlated with survival in a significant way. The relative volume density of the epithelial compartment further correlated with the histologic grade of the tumor, but not with the clinical stage of disease or age of the patient. Providing the pathologist with a 40% relative volume density of the epithelial compartment as a decision line, this parameter may be useful as a prognostic factor. A prognosis scoring system on a pretherapeutic and postsurgical-pathologic level is proposed and its utility applied to the study group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Histiocytosis-X in gynecology.

(1) Histiocytosis-X can manifest itself in virtually every organ, but in gynecology it is an absolute curiosity. (2) Differential diagnosis must exclude specific and nonspecific ulcerations and granulations such as syphilis, tuberculosis, Boeck's disease, and also neoplastic processes like lymphomas, sarcomas, carcinomas, and malignant diseases of the hemopoietic system. (3) The diagnosis by light microscopy alone, as in our case, may be insufficient; therefore, electron microscopy should be used. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed histologically, an extensive examination of all organs is necessary in order to establish an exact prognosis and an optimal plan of therapy. (4) Because of the unknown etiology of histiocytosis-X, a causal treatment is not yet possible. In spite of this, with a symptomatic, individualized therapy by means of excision, low-dose irradiation and cytotoxic agents a 5-year survival of 90% was obtained for the patients. (5) Because of its rarity and multidisciplinary character, histiocytosis-X is a challenge to interdisciplinary and interregional cooperation. Though not being a malignoma in the strict sense, diagnosis, therapy, and in part prognosis are not essentially different from a malignant disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Selective incorporation of fluorescein-labeled steroids in the vaginal epithelium of women of childbearing age.

The incorporation of fluorescein-labeled estradiol and desoxycorticosterone in human vaginal epithelial cells during the menstrual cycle was studied. The uptake of these steroids changes during the menstrual cycle and can be related to data on nuclear binding sites in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Further studies must be done to prove the effectiveness of this method as a test for the hormone sensitivity of tissue or cells, especially the sensitivity of neoplastic tissue to hormonal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiology of endometrial carcinoma in the tyrol].

The incidence rates of endometrial cancer during 1955-1980 were calculated for Tyrol and its political areas. The tumor registry of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Innsbruck, and the population statistics of the Austrian Central Office of Statistics were the sources of our data. We found a rising incidence although the increase was different in the various areas of Tyrol and during the time of observation. The age specific incidence rates were maximal in the age group 70 years and older in the last decennium of the observation time. The rising incidence of endometrial cancer can be explained partly by the changing age related structure of the population and by the better diagnostic efficiency, partly it is due to a factor which is not known until today.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Ectopic pregnancy: changes in diagnostic procedures? (author's transl)].

Patients with ectopic pregnancy and those suspected having ectopic pregnancy were reviewed in a twenty years interval (1957-59, 1977-79). These patients were evaluated with regard to medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, and clinical course. The diagnostic usefulness of symptoms and diagnostic procedures is expressed in terms of sensitivity and specificity. According to our results laparoscopy is an ideal procedure for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Nevertheless, puncture of the Douglas pouch in our experience has its place as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Curettage↗
PubMed1981

[Heterologous Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus--a rare tumor. Light- and electron-microscopic findings, biological behavior (author's transl)].

A case of heterologous Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus is presented with emphasis on morphologic differentiation, clinical course, prognosis, and treatment. This tumor was described first by Clement and Scully in 1974. Since that time 36 cases have been reported in the literature. The neoplasm consists of benign epithelial and malignant mesenchymal elements. The latter are composed of tissue with homologous and heterologous differentiation. Our microscopic and ultrastructural studies suggested that the heterologous elements were rhabdomyoblasts with a variable degree of differentiation. According to the literature the prognosis of Müllerian adenosarcoma is better than that of malignant mixed Müllerian tumor. The location of the tumor - whether intrauterine or extrauterine - seems to be more important as regards prognosis than the differentiation of the sarcomatous elements. The clinical course in our patients was not different from those described in the literature. Surgical removal of the tumor remains the treatment of choice. Some authors report a better survival rate when surgical treatment is followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy may be useful in cases of local or distant metastasis, and in cases of incomplete excision of the tumor mass.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1981

[Pregnancy after renal transplantation].

Since the number of women with renal cadaver transplantation is increasing, the obstetrician seems himself more often confronted with the situation: pregnancy after renal transplantation. The purpose of this paper is to report about our own case, to give a review of international studies written on this subject, and to inform the obstetrician, the surgeon and the pediatrician about the following points: - Common aspects of renal transplantation in fertile women and the information to be given to the patient. - Selection criteria and anticonception. - Pregnancy assessment and delivery - Pediatric problems.

Adult↗