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Biomedical subjects

A Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to A Pedersen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Treatment of acute myocardial infarction--an elucidative report].

The present-day optimal treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is reviewed. The prehospital phase should be as brief as possible. Emergency observation and treatment in hospital should be initiated without delay. Schematic stages for mobilization have been discarded and free mobilization is recommended. Routine acute intervention with thrombolysis is recommended for patients in whom symptoms have been present for 6-12 hours and treatment with Aspirin is recommended. Beta-blocking agents are recommended for patients with increased risk after discharge. Treatment of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, block and cardiac failure are reviewed in detail. Patients without complications should be monitored for three to five days and may be discharged after seven to ten days. Exercise ECG should be carried out at discharge to assess the working capacity, ischaemia and subjective reaction. The importance of good patient information is emphasized. Cessation of smoking, control of lipids and blood pressure are important as secondary interventions. As far as possible, outpatient control should be offered after discharge. The criteria for referral to specialized cardiological departments are established both for emergency and elective referral. Patients under the age of 70 years with high risk for repeated AMI or death after discharge (with residual ischaemia) should possibly be referred for coronary arteriography.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Intraoral infection with Mycobacterium chelonae. A case report.

An 8-year-old girl had a visibly enlarged submandibular lymph node and a reddish, spongy swelling of the gingiva in the upper right canine region. Culturing of the gingival tissue resulted in the isolation of Mycobacterium chelonae, and the patient showed a specific skin hypersensitivity reaction to M. chelonae sensitin. The gingival swelling disappeared spontaneously without scarring within 5 weeks after the biopsy. There was no recurrence intraorally during the 2 1/2-year follow-up, the generalized lymphadenopathy subsided within 2 years, and at the last visit, the submandibular lymph node could barely be felt. The patient received no medication during the course of the disease. A tortoise held as a pet by the girl could possibly have been the source of infection since iatrogenic sources of infection could be excluded.

Child↗
PubMed1989

The time factor in resuscitation initiated by ambulance drivers.

This study is concerned with the value of basic CPR (manual ventilation and closed chest cardiac massage) initiated within 5 min in delaying brain damage after cardiac arrest in adult patients at ambient temperature. In 88 cases of cardiac arrest, basic CPR was initiated within 5 min of collapse by trained ambulance personnel. Basic CPR was continued during transport to the hospital in ambulances not equipped with defibrillators. Advanced CPR was instituted in all patients upon hospital arrival. All 11 patients eventually discharged from the hospital without apparent brain damage arrived at the hospital within 10 min of cardiac arrest. A significant number of patients arriving later could be resuscitated acutely but later died unconscious or were discharged with severe brain damage. We conclude that basic CPR, including bystander CPR initiated within 5 min of cardiac arrest is likely to be of long-term value only if definitive advanced life support can be provided within 10 min after the patient's collapse.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1989

T-lymphocyte subsets in recurrent aphthous ulceration.

Peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets: T-helper (OKT4) and T-suppressor (OKT8) cells were studied quantitatively in 20 patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) in ulcerative, as well as inactive, stages of the disease. The figures were compared with T-lymphocyte subsets from matched control donors with no history of RAU. The ratio of T-helper: T-suppressor cells was significantly lower in both stages in the patients compared with controls due to a significantly increased number of T-suppressor cells in RAU patients. The number of T-helper cells in the patients did not differ significantly in either stage compared with controls. The study support the hypothesis of recurrent aphthous ulceration being a disorder of immunodeficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychologic stress and recurrent aphthous ulceration.

The present study was undertaken in order to test the hypothesis that psychological stress is a provoking factor in attacks of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). The population consisted of 22 patients (17 women, 5 men; mean age 39 yr, variation 17-69) with minor RAU. Psychologic stress was evaluated by means of the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) and a visual analog scale (VAS). In each subject evaluation took place twice: once in the presence of new ulcer(s) and once in the absence of subjective and objective symptoms of RAU. At both stages, the SRRS scores were obtained on the basis of the preceding 2 wk and, VAS scores on the basis of the preceding week. The results showed no statistically significant differences in neither SRRS nor VAS scores between the two stages. Thus, no association between psychologic life stress and recurrences of RAU could be demonstrated, and it is concluded that more standardized circumstances are needed if any such association should be demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in patients with chronic oral candidiasis].

Chronic oral candidiasis is generally not considered a premalignant condition. We report on two patients with carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in the soft palate, probably preceded by long lasting chronic Candida infection. The first patient was a 56-year-old woman who suffered from disturbances in the calcium and potassium metabolism and high blood pressure due to a previous goiter operation during which the parathyroids had been removed. She also suffered from bronchitis and had been smoking 12 cigarettes a day for many decades. For several years she had had more or less constant symptoms from airway infections. Increasing symptoms from the throat had developed 2 years before referral and, in this period, she had been in constant antifungal therapy with no effect on the symptoms. Objectively, the entire soft palate, uvula and the palatoglossal arches were fiery red with whitish plaques which were not removable (Fig. 1). A biopsy revealed severe dysplasia and focal carcinoma in situ Subsequently, the lesion in the soft palate was partly removed by laser surgery followed by radiation therapy over a period of 2 month. One year later there was no signs of recurrence (Fig. 4). The second patient, a 53-year-old healthy woman, was referred because of difficulties in eating due to pain in the throat which had existed for 2 years. Without any effect on the symptoms, she had had antifungal therapy for 4 weeks. The patient had been smoking 15 cigarettes a day for many years. Objectively, an area with whitish plaques and nodules on an erythematous background was found (Fig. 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids.

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1988

Reported adverse reactions to and consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Denmark over a 17-year period.

Over the 17-year period 1969-1985, 2,721 reports of 3,521 suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were submitted to the Danish Committee on ADRs. The results are presented together with the consumption of each drug during the same period. The total sale of NSAIDs showed a four-fold increase during the 17 years, the average corresponding to a permanent intake by 2.2% of the population. The number of reported ADRs per defined daily dose (DDD) sold was markedly lower for "older" drugs like the butazones, indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and fenoprofen than for the drugs marketed during the last decade. These differences could not be accounted for by the well-known biases attached to spontaneous ADR reporting. Of 67 fatal reactions, 25 were due to bleeding or perforation of a gastric ulcer, mostly during treatment with indomethacin and naproxen, and in elderly people, and 27 were caused by bone marrow depression or leukaemia, begun mostly during treatment with butazones, but some with indomethacin and naproxen as well. It is pointed out that all reports on fatal bone marrow depression associated with butazones were submitted before 1976 and that the fact that none have been received since that time could be a result of better understanding of the proper dosage of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Colony formation by subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. VI. Further studies on colony phenotype, function, and cloning efficiency.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced colony formation in semisolid agar medium by human peripheral blood T lymphocytes showed an increasing cloning efficiency with decreasing numbers of cultured cells. Ninety percent of CD4+ cells (inducer/helper phenotype) and 20% of CD8+ cells (cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype) formed colonies when cultured at 10-200 cells/ml culture in the presence of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and a source of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Probably all T-colony-forming cells, but none of the subsequent colony cells, expressed the Leu-8 antigen. The cloning efficiencies of FACS-sorted cells expressing the natural killer antigenic phenotypes Leu-7+ and CD16+ were found to be less than 1%. The costimulatory effect of red blood cells for colony formation was specific for SRBC and not observed in the presence of red cells obtained from seven other species including man. All T-lymphocyte colonies obtained from unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressed the CD25 antigen (IL-2 receptor) and colonies were always composed of either CD4+ or CD8+ cells. None of the colony cells expressed the Leu-8 or the CD16 antigens. By their specific morphology in agar culture the majority of colonies composed of CD4+ cells were easily recognized, but but approximately one-third of the CD4+ colonies could not be distinguished from colonies composed of CD8+ cells. On expansion of individual colonies in liquid subculture in the presence of interleukin-2, approximately 15% of the colonies developed natural killer (NK)-like cytotoxic activity, being capable of direct killing of K562 tumor cells. It is concluded that the present method for growing human T colonies exhibits the same cloning efficiency as the most efficient liquid culture systems. Individual T colonies are composed exclusively of T inducer/helper or T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, they are never of mixed phenotype, and they do not contain cells of natural killer phenotype. Regulatory mechanisms influencing colony formation are operating between and within the various subsets of T lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Right and left ventricular ejection fractions: relation to one-year prognosis in acute myocardial infarction.

Right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) were measured by radionuclide angiography in 423 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). All investigations were performed at hospital discharge. Of 304 patients with first AMI, 26% had normal ejection fractions, 10% had a decrease in RVEF only, 46% a decrease in LVEF only, and 18% decrease in both RVEF and LVEF. Death from cardiac causes occurred in 52 patients in a one-year follow-up period. A reduced RVEF at hospital discharge had little, if any, relation to one-year mortality. In contrast, there was an inverse curvilinear relationship between LVEF and one-year cardiac mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

No increased incidence of postoperative sore throat after administration of suxamethonium in endotracheal anaesthesia.

Sixty patients were divided into two groups (A and B) of 30 patients each to investigate the effect of using suxamethonium in endotracheal anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative sore throat. The patients were anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl, droperidol, N2O and pancuronium. Before endotracheal intubation with a Mallinckrodt lo-pro-tube, patients in Group A were given pancuronium, whereas patients in Group B were given suxamethonium. There was no difference in the incidence or severity of sore throat 20-30 h postoperatively between the two groups (P = 0.5). The type 2 error (beta) was low (the risk of overlooking a "true" difference in incidence of 0.20 was calculated to be 0.04). These results contradict those of a recent study, which demonstrated an increased incidence of postoperative sore throat following the use of suxamethonium in mask anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint in 211 patients: symptoms and treatment.

This report is a retrospective evaluation of 211 patients (75% women, 25% men) treated for TMJ clicking and/or TMJ incoordination at the University Hospital, Copenhagen, in 1971-77. In both sexes, the age group 20-30 yr dominated and the main part of the population belonged to the social middle class. The reasons for seeking treatment were mainly TMJ sounds, pain and impaired mandibular mobility. Neither subjective complaints nor objective signs of dysfunction were associated with dental/occlusal status or with the presence of malocclusions. The patients had been treated with reversible modalities (65%), occlusal adjustment (8%) and counseling alone (27%). Of the actively treated patients, 43% had experienced relief within 1 month and at the end of treatment 72% had reduced or no symptoms. It was not possible to demonstrate any association between the duration of symptoms before treatment and the duration of treatment/number of consultations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Long-term evaluation of 211 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

This report is a long-term evaluation of 211 patients (158 women, 53 men) with TMJ clicking and/or TMJ incoordination, treated at the University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark, in the years 1971-77. Information on present symptoms and the effect of the initial treatment was obtained from questionnaires. Standard treatment procedures had been used in 153 patients while 58 patients had had counseling only. In the actively treated group, 59% were still doing well, 30% had unchanged symptoms and 5% experienced aggravated symptoms. In the counseled group, 40% were free of symptoms, 50% had unchanged symptoms and 7% aggravated symptoms. A highly significant association was found between the absence or presence of symptoms at the end of treatment according to patient records and the evaluation of the initial effect of treatment 8-15 yr later, which indicates that reliable results can be expected from a long-term evaluation of TMJ dysfunction patients. In the sample as a whole, the frequency of TMJ sounds was unchanged compared to the time of treatment (64% vs 66%). A significantly higher frequency was, however, found in the untreated group, indicating that treatment might have a positive effect on TMJ sounds. The frequency of recurrent headache had increased considerably over the years (6% vs 34%), 32% still experienced pain/tenderness on mandibular movement, 24% suffered from impaired mandibular mobility and 82% were aware of bruxism/clenching of teeth. Furthermore, we found a significant association between headache before treatment and headache, awareness of bruxism and clenching of teeth at the time of evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗