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Biomedical subjects

A Pohl

Publications and source records attributed to A Pohl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Functional behaviour of mononuclear blood cells from patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Mononuclear cells were prepared from venous blood obtained from 20 patients with a newly diagnosed hypercholesterolemia and without clinical signs of vascular disease, and from 19 age and sex matched controls. Adhesiveness to plastic surface, phagocytic activity measured as ingestion of zymosan particles, and spontaneous motility of mononuclear cells from patients were significantly higher by 57%, 19% and 50%, respectively, when compared to controls. In controls chemotaxis induced by the chemotactic peptide FMLP was slightly higher than spontaneous motility measured in absence of FMLP, whereas in patients FMLP significantly inhibited cell motility by about 47%. With the exception of FMLP-induced chemotaxis the results indicate that mononuclear cells are hyperreactive in hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ex vivo investigation of blood monocyte and platelet behaviour in pigs maintained on an atherogenic diet.

Domestic pigs aged 4 months were fed for 16 weeks an atherogenic diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acid. The increase of plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels was found to be accompanied by a significant increase in the number of blood monocytes and platelets when compared to control animals. Furthermore, the atherogenic diet produced a small but significant reduction in the blood monocyte phagocytic capacity and adhesion to plastic surface. No significant differences between both groups were found when spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood was studied. However, platelets from pigs fed the atherogenic diet had a smaller mean cell volume compared to controls. The results indicate than an atherogenic diet may affect blood monocytes and platelets in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Beta-2-adrenoceptors of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in children with atopic dermatitis. Their number and affinity to the radioligand [125I]-cyanopindolol.

[125I]-cyanopindolol (ICYP) was used in a binding assay to compare the number and affinity of beta 2-adrenoceptor binding sites on circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of 21 children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 23 age-matched controls. We found no correlation between the beta 2-adrenoceptor density and the age of the children in either collective. Furthermore, the number and affinity of beta 2-adrenoceptor binding sites on PMN was neither influenced by sex nor severity of disease, serum IgE level or percentage of eosinophils in the differential blood count. There was a tendency towards a lower number of beta 2-adrenoceptors in AD subjects (1,429 +/- 587 receptors/PMN) compared to controls (1,753 +/- 596 receptors/PMN), but this difference was statistically not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The incidence of a neonatal bacterial infection syndrome with maternofetal transmission in the Neonatal Department of the Baia Mare District Maternity Hospital in 1983-1987].

In a retrospective study extending on a 5-year period, authors have analysed the incidence of the bacterial infectious syndrome with maternofetal transmission in the newborns admitted to the above-mentioned department. Among 20,674 live-born infants, 241 cases (1.16%) with diseases of an infectious character with vertical transmission were recorded. The incidence of the neonatal infectious syndrome was marked by a yearly increase, from 0.86% in the first year of the study to 1.24% in the last year, with a peak of 1.43% in 1986. The infection risk by maternofetal transmission was more than 10 times higher in the group of premature children. During the study period, of the total of 128 deaths, 31 (24.22%) were due to the neonatal infectious syndrome; of these 31 deaths, 21 occurred in premature children, hence 2/3 of all the failures were recorded in premature infants. Authors conclude that the prevention of the neonatal bacterial infectious syndrome could surely exert a favorable influence on the course of perinatal mortality and on the incidence of premature births in maternities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy: epidemiology and management.

Acute bronchiolitis due to viral agents (RSV, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus) is a relatively frequent disease of infancy. Seasonal epidemic pattern have been recognized, and nosocomial infections in pediatric wards occur. Until age 2 years most children have experienced some form of airway disease attributable to RSV. Some patients require hospital treatment; about 15% of our patients had to be transferred to the intensive care unit. Bronchiolitis seems to be frequently the first manifestation of asthma and we found higher IgG antibody titers to viruses causing bronchiolitis in children with asthma than in controls. Retrospective analysis of the charts of 147 cases of bronchiolitis revealed considerable uncertainty regarding therapeutic concepts. Mainstays of conservative therapy include oxygen, adequate hydration (often IV), and sometimes bronchodilators (based on the clinical impression of effectiveness in the individual patient). Mist therapy and secretolytic agents remain popular, although no clinical effect has been demonstrated. Attention should be directed toward the relief of upper airway obstruction caused by swelling, secretions, and nasogastric tubes. Oxygen administration in infants with coexisting chronic airway disease (e.g., BPD) and bronchiolitis may cause CO2 retention. Bronchodilators can cause hypoxia and increase bronchial compressibility by reducing smooth muscle tone. However, in severe cases a trial under pulse oximetry control seems worthwhile. Steroids seem to bring no clinical improvement, except in infants with protracted wheezing after bronchiolitis and patients with preexisting BPD.

Asthma↗
PubMed1987

[Insulin therapy of obese diabetic patients? Consequences for the evaluation of insulin secretion and metabolic behavior].

UNLABELLED: In 83 diabetics insulin secretion was examined after a mean diabetes duration of 7.5 years, when an insufficient metabolic situation could be found. Insulin secretion was stimulated with 100 g glucose (orally) and 1.0 mg glucagon i.v. (60 min after glucose intake). We investigated additionally in a retrospective manner blood-glucose and urine glucose behaviour as well as the development of the body weight. In dependence of the actual body weight at the time of investigation of insulin secretion, two groups were formed: b. w. less than 120% acc. Broca index, group A, n = 38; b. w. greater than 120% acc. Broca index. group B, n = 45). Immediately after manifestation of the disease 71 diabetes were treated with pure dietetic measures. At the examination of insulin secretion all patients were treated with glibenclamide. After this examination in 20 patients of the group A and in 17 patients of the group B an insulinisation was started. In the others glibenclamide treatment was continued. The general characteristics of the whole group was a significant reduction of the maximum stimulability of insulin secretion, compared with the insulin secretion of n = 19 healthy probands (11 probands with normal body weight and 8 obese probands). A hyperinsulinism (maximum values higher than mean + 1 s of the health persons) could not be found in any case. The mean of the maximum insulin values was below mean - 1 s of the healthy persons. Insulinisation provoked an improvement of the metabolic situation. This was correlated with an additional improvement of the subjective behaviour. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of insulin secretion in obese diabetics with bad metabolic situation is necessary to find out those who are to be treated with insulin. We have no clinical or other possibilities to recognize patients with a hyperinsulinism or reduced insulin secretion than by evaluation of insulin secretion alone. But higher degrees of decompensated metabolism are nearly always explained by a significant reduction of insulin secretion.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

[Modified ALTAB test in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency].

The indirect estimation of chymotrypsin by the tubeless ALTAB-test was performed in 17 patients with well-defined exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 10 of them after operation for chronic pancreatitis. In comparison with 12 healthy subjects the test proved to be a non-expensive, certain and specific method for detection of moderate and severe exocrine insufficiency. It exists positive correlations with the secretin-pancreocymine-test and with the maximal stimulable secretion of insulin. Therefore the ALTAB-test after operations with modified anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract especially is able to substitute extensive testing of secretion in screening and controlling of progression. The value of the 3-hour serum level of PABA corresponds to the urine output within 6 hours. There are such advantages like independence from the kidney-function, avoidance of incomplete urine-collection and a considerable reduced test-time too.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1984

[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and other erythrocyte enzyme abnormalities].

Normal values of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), pyruvate kinase (PK) and pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N) have been determined in normocytes, reticulocytes, newborn cord erythrocytes, and leucocytes. Metabolic and clinical aspects of G6PD and the classification of its genetic variants are reviewed. Enzyme determinations and their variation in drug-induced haemolysis are critically presented. Extensive tables are published listing the drugs and compounds that can cause haemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients, as well as those preparations which may, probably, be administered safely. Clinical and biochemical data in patients with the inherited enzyme defects GR, GPI, PK, and P5N, as well as acquired deficiency of the last-mentioned in chronic lead intoxication, are reviewed in the light of our personal experience in this field.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1983

[Poisoning with andromedotoxin-containing honey].

Two patients poisoned by andromedotoxin-containing honey were treated in Austrian hospitals in 1981 and 1982. The toxin-containing honey had in both cases been obtained in the coastal mediterranean part of Turkey. Both patients had severe arterial hypotension, bradycardic arrhythmias, syncope and CNS symptoms. Symptomatic treatment was fully successful in both patients within 24 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Six widespread bacterial clones among Escherichia coli K1 isolates.

Variable properties among Escherichia coli isolates include serotype, electrophoretic migration of major outer membrane proteins, metabolic properties, production of hemolysin or colicin or both, and plasmid content. These characteristics were compared in E. coli strains of capsular types K1, K5, K92, and K100 and in non-encapsulated isolates. The 234 bacterial strains from the United States and Europe which we studied had been isolated from healthy or diseased individuals recently or as long ago as 1941. Regardless of source, most O7:K1, O16:K1, and O75:K100 isolates could be assigned to three unique, serotype-specific groups, which were interpreted as representing three bacterial clones. Two bacterial (sub)clones each were discerned among the O18:K1 and O18:K5 isolates, and two further, distinct clones were discerned among the O1:K1 isolates. The implications of these results for epidemiological analyses and for virulence are discussed.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1983

Induction of bacteremia in newborn rats by Escherichia coli K1 is correlated with only certain O (lipopolysaccharide) antigen types.

A total of 95 Escherichia coli strains (O1:K1, O7:K1, or O18:K1), obtained from different sources of human infections and from healthy individuals, were analyzed for the ability to cause bacteremia after colonizing the gut of newborn rats. Strains of all three serotypes were able to multiply extensively in the gut after oral inoculation and to translocate (in small numbers) to the mesenteric lymph nodes. With only few exceptions, O7:K1 and O18:K1 strains were able to cause bacteremia, while O1:K1 strains could not. Mixed-infection experiments revealed that the bacteria present in the blood during a case of bacteremia are in most cases the descendants of one cell that has multiplied extraintestinally after translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. It appears that virulent O7:K1 and O18:K1, but not avirulent O1:K1, bacteria are able to multiply directly in the bloodstream of the newborn rats. No correlation between virulence and the source of isolation of the different strains was observed. Disease isolates thus do not seem to differ from fecal isolates of the same serotype in special virulence properties. The differences in virulence among different O serotypes of K1 E. coli observed in the rat model were comparable to their relative frequency of isolation from meningitis in newborn children.

Animals↗