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Biomedical subjects

A Pohl

Publications and source records attributed to A Pohl.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Human interferons -- features and chances (author's transl)].

Interferons are soluble cellular products secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. In viral infections, interferon controls the spread of viruses by inhibiting viral protein synthesis and/or nucleic acid replication and by activating cellular immune responses which effectively eliminate virus-infected cells. Immune interferon, produced in a cellular immune response as the result of an infection, tumour, or hypersensitivity reaction, governs the local immune response to the abrogation of that tumour or other injury by directly reducing cell multiplication and recruiting cytotoxic cells. Clinical trials have shown some effectiveness of interferon in the treatment of chronic viral infections as well as some possible antitumour effects. Because of the extreme scarcity of human interferon and the use of highly impure preparations, the results to date are not conclusive. Therapeutic effectiveness rather than prophylactic effects, has still to be proved by controlled clinical studies with purified interferon under economically feasible conditions.

Fibroblasts↗
PubMed1980

[Developments in the serological diagnosis of malignant diseases].

The present study gives an evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), macrophage electrophoretic mobility test (MEM), sialyltransferase, galactosyltransferase isoenzyme (SGT), ribonuclease and reverse transcriptase as diagnostic aids in malignant diseases. CEA and sialyltransferase are of certain value in the monitoring of cancer, as their values in the serum may rise before progression of disease or relapse. Both tests are not reliable parameters in the early diagnosis of malignancy. Our results with regard to the MEM test have not proved in any way useful in the diagnosis of cancer. Our preliminary results appear to indicate that, provided further simplification of the method can be achieved, SGT isoenzyme determination seems to be a better means of diagnosing cancer. In view of inherent-methodological difficulties reverse transcriptase has, at present, no clinical application in the diagnosis of cancer.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

[Mechanism of silybin action, IV. Structure-action relationship (author's transl)].

In order to find out those structural elements of the flavonolignane silybin which are essential for its stimulatory effect on RNA synthesis, a series of flavonoids etc. has been tested for efficiency. Isolated liver cell nuclei in vitro and hepatocyte cultures have been used to follow RNA synthesis. Only a few compounds show effects similar to those of silybin. Possible structural parameters essential for stimulation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Oral administration of insulin by means of liposomes in animal experiments (author's transl)].

Liposomes are an effective vehicle for the oral administration of insulin. They are prepared from lipid emulsions by sonication and particles of homogeneous size are generated by elution through sepharose columns. Liposomes are taken up into the gastric mucosa by endocytosis and then transported to the liver via the portal circulation. Oral administration of 10 U insulin/kg body weight to rats is followed by a reduction in blood glucose to 67% of the initial value. When liposome-trapped insulin was injected intravenously a decrease in blood glucose to 40% of the initial value was obtained by the administration of 5 IU insulin/kg body weight. While the effect of orally-administered liposome-trapped insulin is obvious, the problems of standardization of the insulin content of the liposomes and the great variability of liposome uptake into the gastric mucosa by endocytosis remain unsolved.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

[Endocrine and exocrine functional disorders in pancreatic diabetes].

In diabetic diseases of pancreatic origin we find three typical patterns of insulin secretion. The different insulin secretion allows a clear distinction of a diabetes of the maturity onset type and of the juvenile onset type type on the one hand and of a diabetes caused by a pancreatitis on the other hand. In a pancreatitis we see the expected reduction of the exocrine function. In the so called maturity onset diabetes a slight reduction of excretory functions could be seen. These results suggest that in maturity onset diabetes only a selective defect of the beta-cells exists, while in juvenile onset diabetes a destruction or reduction of beta-cells but an intact excretory function may be assumed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Congenital hemolytic anemias].

During the last years our knowledge of the structural composition of erythrocyte membranes has markedly increased. It is the aim of this review to discuss hereditary changes of the erythrocyte membrane of pathophysiological significance on the basis of these recent biochemical findings. The report particularly deals with structural proteins, such as spectrin, and its possible significance for corpuscular deformation (e. g. spherocytosis). In addition, the importance of hemoglobinopathies and hereditary enzymatic defects for the development of hemolysis is discussed.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
PubMed1978

Diminished insulin response in highly trained athletes.

Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance were examined in 6 highly conditioned athletes in comparison with a control group of 115 normal healthy persons. During glucose infusion the athletes showed low insulin secretion although there was no difference in the levels of blood glucose compared to the control group. It is concluded that under physiologic conditions the extent of insulin secretion is not dependent only upon the blood glucose levels. The results show that a lack of insulin response can occur as a consequence of adaption to physical training. A reduced insulin response, therefore, does not necessarily indicate a diabetic or prediabetic state.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Insulin secretion, carbohydrate tolerance, fat metabolism and body weight in maturity onset diabetics requiring various methods of therapy.

Maturity onset diabetes (MOD) is characterized by the fact that the response of insulin secretion to glucose loading is either completely missing or is reduced if compared with that of persons whose metabolism is intact. But insulin secretion can be provoked by other specific stimuli. However, the quantitative IRI response can provide no information as to which of the MO diabetics must be treated by dietetic measures only and which of them are liable to treatment with sulfonylurea. It was, therefore, investigated whether in 109 patients suffering from recently developed overt MOD a differentiation from a therapeutical point of view can be attained by joint evaluation of stimulated IRI secretion, of glucose tolerance, of the dynamics of free fatty acids, of the fasting values of triglycerides and cholesterol and of the body weight. The findings suggest that no better differentiation for the two methods of treatment of MOD stated above is possible by simultaneous evaluation of the parameters of fat metabolism, glucose level and IRI secretion than by IRI secretion and carbohydrate tolerance alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of diabetes therapy on the lipid parameters in blood].

In diabetics with different therapy indications the effect of the treatment on the lipid parameters of blood was examined. We estimated the change of the triglycerides, the cholesterol, the free fatty acids and the glycerol depending on the duration of the therapy. We used a combined stimulation test (combination of 100 g glucose, 1.0 g tolbutamide and 1.0 g glucagon in temporary coupling) as method for characterization of the type of diabetes. At the beginning of the therapy the fat parameters mentioned did not differ in patients with exclusively dietetic treatment and in SuH-patients. After longer duration of the therapy in exclusively dietetically compensated patients the fasting glycerol values decreased, were, however, statistically not significant. There were also no essential changes of the triglycerides, the cholesterol and the values of the free fatty acids in the two forms of treatment. The improvement of the carbohydrate tolerance could not be explained with changes of the insulin secretion. The results plead for the fact that the improvement of the diabetic metabolism develops by an increase of the peripheral insulin effectivity. The behaviour of the lipid parameters is not sufficient for an explanation of the carbohydrate tolerance.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1976

[Glutathione reductase deficiency with membrane defect in hereditary hemolytic anemia].

Glutathione reductase activity and phospholipid metabolism in red cell membranes were determined in a family with hereditary hemolytic anemia. A marked decrease of glutathione reductase activity and stability of reduced glutathione was found in combination with enhanced phospholipid-phosphate metabolism and decreased activity of the membrane-stabilizing enzyme lysolecithin-acyltransferase. In all cases splenectomy beneficially influenced the hemolytic process. Family studies revealed a dominant-autosomal genetic transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[In vitro incorporation of (33P)orthophosphate into the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of newborn and adult domestic pigs].

Phosphate turnover of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, judged by [33P] incorporation, was investigated with phosphatidylethanolamine, lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid in newborn and adult domestic pigs. A new micromethod is described in detail using between 10(9) to 10(10) cells, both for quantitative determination of phospholipids and tracer incorporation studies in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. Erythrocyte phospholipid values are given for pigs of varous age groups, showing essentially no difference, and are compared with the respective data for human erythrocytes. Thrombocytes and leukocytes were removed and separation of the red cells into reticulocytes and normocytes was done. This proved a higher level of phospholipid phosphate metabolic activity in neonatal pig erythrocytes--comparable to that in human red blood cells--according to their well known higher glucose permeability and glycolytic rate. Further evidence is accumulated by the results presented that the metabolic differences in neonatal pig red cells are due to a distinct neonatal erythrocyte population and not to the increased number of immature cells present in the circulation.

Animals↗