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Biomedical subjects

A Polliack

Publications and source records attributed to A Polliack.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Lymphoproliferative disorders in four patients receiving chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy: etiologic correlation or chance association?

The occurrence of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin's disease or IgG-lambda multiple myeloma is described in four patients receiving chronic diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy. Although the association between diphenylhydantoin therapy and the development of immunosuppression and lymphoma is well documented, the role of the drug in the etiology of these disorders is still controversial. It is suggested that periodic examination of patients receiving diphenylhydantoin for lymphadenopathy and repeated serum electrophoresis may be useful in detecting early aberrations of the immune system in these individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Surface morphology and ultrastructure of isolated hepatic Kupffer and endothelial cells.

Isolated non-parenchymal cells from the rat liver were separated by centrifugal elutriation into two fractions containing structurally intact Kupffer and endothelial cells with purities of over 90% in both fractions. These two cell types were then examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that Kupffer and endothelial cells are readily distinguished under the scanning electron microscope on the basis of their different surface features. Kupffer cells show ridges and ruffles while endothelial cells have microvilli and blebs and lack ruffles. As in earlier studies, transmission electron micrographs show that Kupffer cells are larger, have a smaller nucleus--cytoplasm ratio and contain lysosomes while endothelial cells are smaller, have a higher nucleus-cytoplasm ratio and show extensive sieve-plates and fenestrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Surface features and ultrastructure of isolated Kupffer cells as seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

The present report describes ultrastructural and surface features of hepatic Kupffer cells, with particular emphasis on the characteristics of these cells in suspension, as seen under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after their successful isolation by pronase digestion of liver tissue. Kupffer cells were readily recognized in sections of the liver examined by transmission electron microscopy, particularly after tagging by carbon, heat-damaged erythrocytes, and latex spheres. Their ultrastructural features in suspension and in liver sections were similar to those described for peritoneal macrophages. In the present study, a high yield of well-preserved Kupffer cells was obtained after selective enzymatic digestion of intact rat liver. Kupffer cells were readily distinguished from lymphocytes and hepatocytes on the basis of their surface architecture, and showed transverse ridge-like profiles and ruffled folds which became more prominent during phagocytosis. The sequence of events during the various stages of latex bead phagocytosis was well visualized with the SEM. Kupffer cells in suspension, during spreading and attachment to glass and during phagocytosis, resembled peritoneal macrophages isolated from rats, providing further evidence that these cell types are closely related.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Surface features of Sézary cells. A scanning electron microscopy study.

The surface features of circulating cells from three patients with Sézary syndrome were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The Sézary cells were mostly spherical and displayed varying numbers of microvilli. Most cells had moderately to markedly villous surfaces and had surface features similar to circulating leukemic lymphocytes isolated from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Some cells were more irregular in shape, while others displayed clusters of polarized microvilli and small uropods. Similar findings were seen in thin sections of cells on transmission electron microscopy.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Hodgkin's disease and subsequent chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a patient with breast carcinoma.

This report deals with an unusual case of a patient with four primary tumors. Hodgkin's disease developed in an elderly woman 21 years after she was treated for carcinoma of the breast by surgery and irradiation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a liposarcoma of the soft tissues developed two years after the appearance of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The coexistence of four primary tumors in the same patient is rare; the simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia is in itself a rare association and is probably a chance finding. The development of these neoplasias may in some way relate to the radiotherapy given to the patient.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Myeloma cells: surface morphology as seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Cells from cultured murine myeloma cell lines and circulating leukemic plasma cells from two patients with generalized myeloma were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Both circulating and cultured cells exhibited consistent surface architectures. Microvilli and varying numbers of prominent blebs of different sizes were seen. The presence of surface blebs is a characteristic feature of secreting and nonsecreting myeloma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in a patient on chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy.

The development of an IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in an epilepsy patient on diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy for 20 years is reported. We regard the association recorded in this case to be a coincidence despite the known association between the drug and the development of immunosuppression and lymphoma. We recommended periodic examination of the serum proteins in patients receiving diphenylhydantoin in order to detect development of monoclonal gammopathy.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1978

Aberrant congenital dyserythropoietic anemia with negative acidified serum tests and features of thalassemia in a Kurdish family.

Three siblings of a Kurdish Jewish family with clinical and hematologic findings compatible with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) are described. All patients presented with mild anemia, marked hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly. The bone marrow morphology and ultrastructure of the normoblasts was typical of CDA type II and there was strong agglutination of the patients' red blood cells by anti-i serum. These patients displayed two features that were not characteristic of CDA type II, namely, the acidified serum lysis test was negative on more than 10 occasions, and high levels of Hb A2 were observed in two siblings. In one of the siblings, abnormal globin-chain synthesis was found and alpha-chain production exceeded beta-chain production, as in beta-thalassemia minor. In the light of the above findings, our patients are perhaps best classified as having aberrant CDA with features of thalassemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Multiple myeloma terminating in lymphocytic leukemia with B-lymphocyte membrane markers.

The development of lymphocytic leukemia with a rapidly fatal clinical course is reported in a patient with kappa light-chain multiple myeloma treated with alkeran. The leukemic cells lacked the ultrastructural features of plasma cells but bore readily detectable B-cell markers and resembled lymphocytes under the light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes. The leukemic phase is perhaps best defined as lymphocytic and probably represents a variant of plasma cell leukemia, in which the cells showed a degree of dedifferentiation from plasma cells to B lymphocytes. The possible relation between these 2 proliferative processes is discussed and the nature of leukemias developing in cases of plasma cell myeloma is briefly reviewed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Surface features of Sezary cells: A scanning electron microscopy study of 5 cases.

The surface features of circulating cells from 5 patients with typical Sezary's Syndrome (SS) are described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sezary cells prepared by different methods, with and without prior fixation in cell suspension, showed similar surface architectures. SS cells were mostly spherical and moderate to markedly villous in appearance, and in this respect, resembled the majority of circulating lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). A proportion of cells were larger and more irregular in shape while others had small extensions of cytoplasm resembling small uropods with clusters of polarised microvilli. Despite the latter findings, most SS cells cannot be distinguished from CLL cells on the basis of their surface architecture under the SEM.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1977

Traumatic hemolysis after aortofemoral bypass. A study of 25 cases.

The prevalance of traumatic intravascular hemolysis was estimated in 25 patients following aortofemoral bypass. Stigmata of mild red cell fragmentation were noted in approximately one third of the patients, but in only one of them was hemolysis of sufficient severity to be of clinical significance. The case history and laboratory findings in this patient are described in detail. This study indicates that traumatic hemolysis should be considered as a possible cause of anemia developing after aortofemoral bypass.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Altered surface morphology of Concanavalin A transformed thymic lymphocytes as seen by scanning electron microscopy.

The present study records the surface architecture of normal and Concanavalin A transformed thymic lymphocytes as seen under the scanning electron microscope, employing different modes of cell preparation and fixation. Murine thymic lymphocytes have a relatively uniform surface architecture and display few microvilli, irrespective of the mode of fixation used in their preparation for SEM. When cells are incubated for 72 hours no gross changes in surface morphology are noted. After incubation with Concanavalin A for 72 hours the transformed cells display multiple microvilli and are easily distinguished from their relatively smooth normal non-transformed counterparts. The results are reviewed in the light of current knowledge on the surface architecture of lymphocytes and the factors influencing lymphocyte surface topography are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Properties of the K562 cell line, derived from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia.

The K562 cell line derived from a CML patient in blast crisis was examined for properties of B and T lymphocytes and cell lines. K562 lacks the B markers of immunoglobulins, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome and associated nuclear antigen, and receptors for EBV. A low proportion of cells from rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, the frequency of which is considerably increased after neuraminidase treatment. Unlike B lines but like T lines, K562 cells are lysed rapidly by C'/Fc receptor-positive human blood leukocytes and do not stimulate MLC reactions. On the other hand, K562 lacks T antigen, high radiosensitivity and sensitivity to growth inhibition by thymidine. The cells do not contain N-APase, an enzyme found in all lines derived from lymphoid cells and in lymphoproliferative diseases. By scanning electron microscopy, K562 cells were seen to be rounded and relatively smooth, with small numbers of short microvilli resembling undifferentiated leukemic cells. A few cells had narrow ridge-like profiles and small ruffles similar to granulocytic leukemic cells. K562 is strongly positive for immunoglobuln Fc receptors and pinocytosis, but does not phagocytose or mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis or cytolysis. Among histochemical stains, K562 is positive for esterase, lipid, and acid phosphatase. There seems to be no doubt that K562 is not a B cell line. While it has some T cell properties, these are not exclusive. Some of its characteristics indicate that it is probably not lymphoid. Due to its low level of differentiation, its nature cannot be stated with certainty. On the basis of the possible presence of the cellular marker of chronic myeloid leukemia, the Ph chromosome, it may be regarded as belonging to the granulocytic series of cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of 25 cases by scanning electron microscopy.

Cells from 25 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were studied under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In 24 of the cases, the vast majority of circulating leukaemic cells had few microvilli. Villous cells were rarely encountered and prominent ridge-like profiles and ruffled membranes were not seen. Only six cases were studied by immunological techniques and four of the cases were of the null type while in two the cells bore detectable T-markers. It seems that ALL is almost always associated with the presence of cells with few microvilli in the peripheral circulation, differing in this respect from most cases of CLL. Although circulating leukaemic lymphocytes with few microvilli are sometimes seen in CLL, the most frequent cell type encountered is a more villous lymphocyte. Differences between leukaemic cells from patients with ALL, CLL and non-lymphoblastic leukaemias are discussed. It appears that SEM may help to distinguish lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic leukaemic cells in many instances and can be used as a useful adjunct to other modes of microscopy in the diagnosis of acute leukaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Association of a chromosomal abnormality with lymphocytes having both T and B markers in a patient with lymphoproliferative disease.

The lymphocytes of a patient with leukemic lymphosarcoma were found to have an unusual surface phenotype in that they bound both sheep erythrocytes (a T cell marker) and complement-coated erythrocytes (a B cell marker) but lacked other B cell surface characteristics. Marker chromosomes were present in these cells, but not in other, phenotypically normal cells from the same patient. This case may provide a clue to the chromosomal origin of some lymphocyte surface markers in man.

Aged↗