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Biomedical subjects

A Polliack

Publications and source records attributed to A Polliack.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: utility in the diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders.

This review is based on the findings of multiparameter studies performed on cells obtained from over 200 cases of leukemia and illustrates the wide range of laboratory tests currently available for cell phenotype identification. Immunological techniques are not discussed and the review deals mainly with light and electron microscopic cytochemistry, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The importance of light microscopic cytochemistry is clearly demonstrated. In particular, paranuclear acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and diaminopeptidase staining are recommended as reliable T-cell markers. Ultrastructural identification of unclassified leukemic cells using techniques to detect myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, platelet peroxide (PPO) and NSE, is shown to be of great importance in cases of early myelo-monoblastic differentiation with negative light microscopic cytochemistry. SEM is also shown to be a reliable means of distinguishing lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukemia when some degree of differentiation is present. However SEM does not appear to contribute in the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia. The new scanning immunoelectron microscopy (SIEM) technique employing heteroantisera or monoclonal antibodies conjugated to latex microspheres (immunolatex) to detect surface receptors and specific antigens is also illustrated. This technique displays the topography of surface antigens on the cell surface of leukemic cells in 3-dimension and facilitates simultaneous visualization of the surface architecture of the labelled cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of plasmacytoid and hairy cell features by phorbol esters (TPA) in B-lymphoma cells: attempted correlation with disease activity.

Mononuclear cells concentrated from the blood of 16 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients in the leukemic phase, were exposed to 10 ng/ml of TPA in an attempt to induce differentiation. Immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, surface markers (SmIg, GP-70), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and surface features were followed for up to six days in vitro. TPA induced 'hairy cell' like features in NHL cells as defined by cell morphology, ultrastructure, cell surface markers and the presence of TRAP. Unlike the results obtained in patients with CLL, cells from different patients at the same stage of disease reacted in a similar way. Differences were evident between NHL mononuclear cells obtained from patients in partial remission and active disease when compared with those derived from patients in complete remission. In the former group, NHL cells were maximally induced by TPA to secrete Ig and higher proportions of TRAP positive cells. In addition hairy cell features as seen by light and scanning electron microscopy were also more pronounced. TPA also induced the maximal expression of SmIg and GP-70 in cells derived from patients in this group. Patients with NHL in leukemic phase in complete remission did not express surface membrane GP-70 before or after TPA treatment while SmIg was expressed to some degree before TPA treatment and further induced following treatment with TPA. GP-70 appears to be a more reliable marker for follow-up of NHL patients than any other marker studied here.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of bone: the CT appearance.

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is an unusual tumour usually seen in cases of myelogenous leukemia. The tumour is most commonly located in the skull, orbits and sinuses. Extracranial tumours occur mainly in the soft tissues of the body and bone involvement is uncommonly seen and is almost invariably lytic in nature. We describe the first case of CT demonstration of bone involvement by such a tumour. A mixed sclerotic and lytic pattern was seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myeloid metaplasia of the central nervous system in patients with myelofibrosis and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Report of 3 cases and review of the literature.

Foci of meningeal myeloid metaplasia were found in 3 of 11 consecutive autopsied patients with myelofibrosis and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. The clinical and pathological findings in an additional seven published patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia who developed neurological manifestations due to pressue of hemopoietic tumors in the central nervous system are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monotherapy with rituximab induces rapid remission of recurrent cold agglutinin-mediated hemolytic anemia in a patient with indolent lympho-plasmacytic lymphoma.

Cold agglutinin mediated immune hemolytic anemia secondary to lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), is primarily treated with measures directed to eliminate the malignant clone and as such, chemotherapy is usually given. The recent availability of monoclonal antibodies, has made it feasible to obtain both a clinical and molecular remission, as well as a remission on the functional level, such as elimination of secondary autoimmune phenomena. Recently we have administered a course of monotherapy with rituximab (4 weekly injections, x 375 mg/m2) to a patient with refractory and transfusion dependent cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia secondary to indolent B-cell lymphoma. She achieved complete remission with a significant improvement in hemolysis and also became transfusion independent with a current follow-up of over one year. In individual cases, Rituximab has the potential of achieving not only a complete clinical remission (CR) but also a molecular CR, as well as a "functional" CR, by eliminating the clinical manifestations of autoimmunity; in this case, cold agglutinin mediated hemolytic anemia, secondary to NHL. Good results in autoimmunity secondary to lymphoma raises the possibility of future potential benefit of this agent in other primary autoimmune disorders.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface markers and other characteristics of the lymphocyte in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The vast majority of leukemic cells bear surface Ig. The class restriction of this surface Ig and other characteristics described for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are considered as evidence for the monoclonality of the neoplastic proliferation. Different CLL cases with various expressions of surface Ig represent various degrees of block in the maturation of the lymphocytes. Through the use of other cell markers, it has been shown that most cases of CLL represent B cell neoplasia. Variations in the expression of the various B cell markers on the leukemic cells were observed. One case in which the leukemic cells were clearly T cell in character, and a single case of mixed B and T CLL, are described. The significance of the sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells in CLL is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be a useful adjunct to the identification of B- and T-derived lymphocytes. According to these criteria, leukemic cells are mostly of the B type, although variations in their surface architecture were noted. It is concluded that SEM alone cannot consistently distinguish between leukemic B and T cells. Electron microscope studies of mitogen-transformed CLL lymphocytes suggest that there is a residual normal B and T population of cells in addition to the predominant, abnormally reacting cells, which are mostly of B origin. Antigenic changes on the surface of CLL lymphocytes are suggestive of normal antigens present on young normal lymphocytes, rather than of the emergence of truly "tumor-specific" antigens. These antigens are independent of the T or B origin of the leukemia. CLL lymphocytes are shown to be defective in their ability to form caps with concanavalin A and anti-HL-A sera, and in their osmotic regulatory capacity.

B-Lymphocytes↗