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Biomedical subjects

A R Zeiner

Publications and source records attributed to A R Zeiner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Causal attribution of drinking antecedents in American Indian and Caucasian social drinkers.

Sixty-five American Indian and 100 Caucasian college students were tested with Beckman's rating scale for antecedents of drinking. Subjects were social drinkers who had had no previous alcohol-related problems (arrests, accidents, etc.). They were matched on age, education, and drinking history. The scale addresses beliefs about drinking and its related causes--internal and external. Results indicate only one major difference between Indians and Caucasians (alcoholism as an illness was rated higher by Indians), while similarities in rating patterns were found in comparing our college sample to college students from the Los Angeles area tested by Beckman. American Indian college students were significantly different in their causal attribution of drinking problems from white college students in Los Angeles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of sex steroids on ethanol pharmacokinetics and autonomic reactivity.

Several lines of evidence indicate that female sex steroids, especially estrogen, interact with ethanol pharmacokinetics. Both animal and human studies are consistent in indicating that voluntary intake of alcohol decreases with increasing estrogen concentrations. Such effects are equivocal with progesterone and nonexistent with testosterone. There is some suggestion that estrogen modulates monoamine oxidase activity and via that mechanism alters sympathetic nervous system tone. Alterations in sympathetic nervous system tone, in turn, can alter gastric motility and absorption of alcohol from stomach and intestines. Several types of studies, both animal and human, indicate that high estrogen concentrations also impair ethanol metabolism. At present the exact mechanism of action for this effect is not known. Future studies investigating this aspect are indicated. At present the effect of sex steroids on performance and its interaction with alcohol do not show a clear relationship. There are contrary pieces of information both for and against the view that menstrual cycle, performance and alcohol interact.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive effects on alcohol pharmacokinetics in caucasian females.

We investigated the relationship between oral contraceptives, day of menstrual cycle and alcohol pharmacokinetics in 20 Caucasian females. Peak blood alcohol concentration was higher and clearance rates were faster on Day 1 (when hormonal levels were low) than on Day 24. No pill subjects reached a higher BAC than did pill subjects on Day 24 but not on Day 1. Clearance rates of no pill subjects were faster on Day 24 than for pill subjects. Results suggest that female sex steroids, directly or indirectly, reduce peak BAC and slow clearance rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Bidirectional changes in digital skin temperature using biofeedback in a cold room.

The ability to increase digital skin temperature (DST) of cold extremities or to prevent decreases in DST in a cold environment may be useful clinically in the treatment of Raynaud's disease or in the alleviation of the effects of stressful stimuli. Ten Ss, each of whom participated in five sessions, were studied in a room at 20 degrees C. Each session was divided into 5-minute trials during which Ss either received auditory biofeedback of DST and tried to increase or decrease DST or received no feedback and merely sat quietly (Baseline trials). There were significant changes in DST during Baseline trials; these changes were different at different times during the session. The difference between Increase and Decrease trials was significant. The DST decrease during Decrease trials was significantly different from the change during corresponding Baseline trials, while the Increase trials, while the Increase trial DST, although of the same magnitude as the decrease trial, did not differ significantly from its corresponding Baseline trials DST.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1978

Racial differences in circadian variation of ethanol metabolism.

In two experiments, independent groups of male social drinkers were administered equal doses of ethanol per unit of body weight (0.66 ml/kg) at different times during the day. Peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was achieved, and the time taken to return to a BAC of 20 mg/100 ml and the rate of ethanol metabolism per hour were determined.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1975

Reaction time performance with and without backscatter from intense pulse light.

Twenty male graduate students, 22-30 years of age, were asigned by a table of randome numbers to two groups, and visual reaction time performance with and without backscatter was measured. The subjects' task was to observe a 5 cm dial face whose needle deflected 2 mm either left or right of center. Meter deflections were either preceded by 10 light pulse from a Grimes "360 strobe or they were not preceded by light pulses. Two measures of performance were recorded: 1) voice reaction time in milliseconds, and 2) errors. Error rate (3.5%) did not discriminate between groups or conditions. Reaction time was almost twice as long with backscatter than without backscatter (1,556 ms and 854 ms, respectively). This RT increase was highly reliable statistically. Variability of RT performance increased markedly with backscatter. In practical terms, the results suggest that the effects of backscatter could induce a cumulative performace decrement in instrument scanning which might endanger air safety.

Adult↗