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Biomedical subjects

A Salman

Publications and source records attributed to A Salman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Detection of abnormal proliferation in histologically 'normal' colonic biopsies using FTIR-microspectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal crypt proliferation and development in the colon has been associated with premalignant stages of colon cancer. Conventionally, molecular markers are used to detect abnormal crypt proliferation. METHODS: In the present work, feasibility studies of FTIR-MSP to distinguish between normal and abnormal crypts from colon biopsies that show normal histopathological features have been undertaken. RESULTS: The results indicate that abnormal crypts show deviations in the pattern of absorbance in the Mid IR region along the crypt height when compared with the normal crypts. The crypts could be empirically classified into three groups such as crypts having a normal absorbance pattern for all biochemical components, crypts with abnormal absorbance pattern for some biochemical components and crypts with completely abnormal absorbance pattern along the height for all or most biochemical components studied by FTIR. The utilization of FTIR-MSP is proposed for diagnosis of abnormal metabolism at the molecular level of histologically completely normal-looking crypts, especially from those biopsies that are taken from sites far away from cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This method could give rise to a reduction in false-negative results during examination of biopsies using the conventional histopathological methods. The present method may be complementary to existing methods for precise demarcation of the zone of colostomy prior to colon cancer surgery.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2004

Characteristic absorbance of nucleic acids in the Mid-IR region as possible common biomarkers for diagnosis of malignancy.

FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and malignant cells and tissues. In the present study, FTIR microspectroscopy was performed on biopsies to evaluate parameters deduced from changes in nucleic acid absorbance monitored at various characteristic wavenumbers in the Mid-IR region. The data showed that there were differences in the spectra of normal and malignant tissues from several organs such as colon, cervix, skin and blood with respect to absorbance due to nucleic acids. Similar results were observed in the case of cell lines that were transformed to induce carcinogenesis. Of the several ratios examined for consistency in differentiating cancer and normal tissues, the I(996 cm(-1))/I(966 cm(-1)) showed promise as a distinguishing parameter and was comparable to the I(1121 cm(-1))/I(1020 cm(-1)) ratio reported in many earlier studies. The absorbance of nucleic acids is presented with an emphasis on the application of FTIR microspectroscopy for diagnosis of malignancy. Our results indicate that usage of nucleic acid absorbance yield statistically significant parameters, which could differentiate normal and cancerous tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Application of FTIR microscopy for the characterization of malignancy: H-ras transfected murine fibroblasts as an example.

Recently, microscopic FTIR is widely used in the field of biology and medicine. FTIR can detect biomolecular changes in the cells and tissues responsible for various disorders. In this report, we characterize the H-ras transfected fibroblasts and its normal control using microscopic FTIR. The intensity of the normal fibroblasts was higher than that of H-ras transfected fibroblasts. Our studies showed significant differences occur in the concentration of vital metabolites upon transformation. The DNA and carbohydrates level decreased in the transformed cells compared to the controls. A linear correlation could be found between the levels of carbohydrates and phosphate, while the RNA/DNA ratio varied inversely with glucose/phosphate levels.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

Fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of malignancy: H-ras overexpressing fibroblasts as a model.

Autofluorescence from intracellular chromophores upon illumination of cells by monochromatic light has been studied towards the development of novel noninvasive and sensitive technology for the early detection of cancer. To investigate the relationship between biochemical and morphological changes underlying malignant disease and resulting fluorescence spectra, an in vitro model system of a paired normal and malignant murine fibroblasts cell lines, differing in cancer-associated H-ras expression was employed. A comparison of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of proliferative cells revealed that fluorescence intensity of malignant cells was significantly less than that of normal cells upon excitation at 290 nm. Fluorescence of both cell lines decreased with decreasing cell concentration, but at each concentration, normal cells had higher fluorescence intensity than malignant cells. Similar differences between the cell lines were observed when brought to quiescence or at stationary phase. Results suggested that the chromophore contributing most significantly to these spectra is tryptophan and its moieties in proteins. This model system demonstrates the specific contribution of H-ras to subcellular chromophores, resulting in a significant difference in their autofluorescence intensity, and implies the potential use of the technique for cancer detection. This model system is potent for analysis of the contribution of other oncogenes and their combinations towards spectral detection of cancer.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

FTIR microscopic studies on normal and H-ras oncogene transfected cultured mouse fibroblasts.

Infrared absorption spectra are well known for their sensitivity to composition and three-dimensional structure of biomolecules. The biochemical changes in the sub-cellular levels developing in abnormal cells, including a majority of cancer forms, manifest themselves in different optical signatures, which can be detected by IR spectroscopy. We measured the IR absorption spectra of monolayers of cultured normal and H-ras transfected mouse fibroblasts, using a microscopic Fourier transform IR (micro-FTIR) technique. The absorption of normal cells was found to be higher than the malignant ones in the spectral range 600-3200 cm(-1). The carbohydrate and phosphate contents were higher in normal cells relative to H-ras transfected cells. An increase in the RNA/DNA ratio was observed for H-ras transfected fibroblasts, which correlates with the increased transcriptional activity expected for the cancerous cells. In part, the variation in absorbance between normal and ras transfected fibroblasts may be due to changes in the cell dimensions.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

FT-IR microscopic characterization of normal and malignant human colonic tissues.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) employs a unique approach to optical diagnosis of tissue pathology based on the characteristic molecular vibrational spectra of the tissue. In this study, we report infrared absorption spectra of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded normal and malignant human colonic tissues from ten different patients. Our method is based on microscopic infrared study (FT-IR-microscopy) of thin tissue specimens in parallel with normal histopathological analysis, which serves as a reference. Our results indicate that the normal colonic tissue has a stronger absorption than the cancerous type over a wide region in all ten cases. The detailed analysis showed that there is a significant decrease in carbohydrate levels, total phosphate and also possibly creatine contents for cancerous tissue in comparison to the controls. Also, RNA/DNA ratio increased in cancerous tissues relative to the normals in all the patients. The results of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) showed that the normal and malignant cells could be identified with about 89% accuracy.

Colon↗
PubMed2000

Coronary stent implantation in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients. Early and late outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether coronary stenting in diabetic patients provides in-hospital results and clinical evolution similar to those in nondiabetic patients. METHODS: From July '97 to April '99 we performed coronary stent implantation in 386 patients with coronary heart disease, who were divided into two groups: diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients. The in-hospital results and the clinical evolution of each group were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The nondiabetic group comprised 305 (79%) patients and the diabetic group 81 (21%) patients. Basic clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar. Angiographic success was in diabetics = 96.6% vs in nondiabetics = 97.9% (p=ns). Among the major complications in the in-hospital phase, the rate of myocardial infarction was higher in the diabetic group (7.4% vs 1.9%) (p=0.022). In the follow-up, a favorable and homogeneous evolution occurred in regard to asymptomatic patients, myocardial infarction, and death in the groups. A greater need for revascularization, however, existed in the diabetic patients (15% vs 2.4%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Coronary stenting in diabetic patients is an efficient procedure, with a high angiographic and clinical success rate similar to that in nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients, however, had a higher incidence of in-hospital myocardial infarction and a greater need for additional myocardial revascularization.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Relief of postoperative pain with jaw relaxation, music and their combination.

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation, music and the combination of relaxation and music on postoperative pain after major abdominal surgery during ambulation and rest on postoperative days 1 and 2. Opioid medication provided for pain, following abdominal surgery, does not always give sufficient relief and can cause undesired side effects. Thus, additional interventions such as music and relaxation may provide more complete relief. Previous studies have found mixed results due to small sample sizes and other methodological problems. In a rigorous experimental design, 500 subjects aged 18-70 in five Midwestern hospitals were randomly assigned by minimization to a relaxation, music, relaxation plus music, or control group. Interventions were taught preoperatively and tested postoperatively. The same amount of time was spent with subjects in the control group. Pain was measured with the visual analogue sensation and distress of pain scales. Demographic and surgical variables, and milligrams of parenteral or oral opioids in effect at the time of testing were not significantly different between the groups, nor did they correlate with pain scores. Controlling for pretest sensation and distress, orthogonal a priori contrasts and multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the three treatment groups had significantly less pain than the controls, (P = 0.028-0.000) which was confirmed by the univariate analysis of covariance (P = 0.018-0.000). Post hoc multivariate analysis revealed that the combination group had significantly less sensation and distress of pain than the control group on all post-tests (P = 0.035-0.000), and the relaxation and music groups had significantly less on all tests (P = 0.022-0.000) except after ambulation. At post ambulation those using relaxation did not have significantly less pain than the controls on both days and those using music did not on day 1, although there were some univariate effects. A corresponding significant decrease in mastery of the interventions from pre to post ambulation suggests the need for reminders to focus on the intervention during this increased activity. Physicians and nurses preparing patients for surgery and caring for them afterward, should encourage patients to use relaxation and music as adjuvants to medication for postoperative pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Haemoglobinopathies in a large hospital in Kuwait.

One year experience of various haemoglobinopathies encountered in a large hospital in Kuwait is presented. During the period under study (1988), 84,341 complete blood counts (CBC's) were performed. Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed in 1289 of these samples; 261 abnormal results were encountered. Almost all the commonly occurring haemoglobinopathies in the world were seen among Kuwaities, probably as a result of inheritance of different haemoglobinopathy genes from different parts of the world. Indirect evidences suggest that alpha thalassemia may be the commonest haemoglobinopathy in Kuwait; a picture not unlike that of Saudi Arabia which is one of its neighbours.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1990

Classical microangiopathic diabetic complications in the absence of overt diabetes mellitus.

A 47-year-old Arab male presented with a nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. Proliferative retinopathy was documented on fundoscopy. There was no history of symptomatic hyperglycemia, and biochemically, there was impaired glucose tolerance. This patient had classical microangiopathic complications that are closely related to the severity and duration of diabetes mellitus in the absence of overt hyperglycemia.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1990

Thiobarbituric acid test as a measure of lipid peroxidation in Arab patients with NIDDM.

Increased levels of lipid peroxides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. A convenient and sensitive method for estimation of lipid peroxide concentration is the quantitative estimation of their metabolic end-product malonyldialdehyde (MDA) expressed in mumol/L using the thiobarbituric acid test. The mean fasting MDA value in the plasma of 26 Arab subjects with NIDDM was significantly higher than in healthy controls (14.3 +/- 8.3 vs 2.3 +/- 3.4, p less than 0.001). Within a group of nine diabetic patients with markedly elevated MDA values (greater than 20 mumol/L), eight subjects had retinal changes, four had evidence of coronary artery disease and three had manifest cerebrovascular disease. Macroproteinuria was documented in only three patients in this same group. The mean body mass index was 28.7 +/- 5.4 and the glycaemic control was unsatisfactory with a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 10.1 +/- 1.5%. The MDA results in an Arabic population were similar to reports in Japanese and British patients and should prove useful as a laboratory test in assessing the severity of the diabetic state, as well as a complementary test in diagnosis and management.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of some 3-phenyl-2,5-disubstituted indoles derived from new ethyl-2-benzyl-2-[N-(aryl)hydrazono] ethanoates.

In connection with previous related works [1-6] we have now studied the reaction of ethyl alpha-benzyl-alpha-acetylethanoate (EBAE), as an aliphatic active C-H compound, with the diazonium salts of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), sulfanilamide (SA) and N,N-dimethylsulfanilamide (DSA), respectively. Ethyl 2-benzyl-2-[N-(aryl)hydrazono] ethanoates were the resulting substances (1-3). The synthesis of 4-6, namely 3-phenyl-2,5-disubstituted indoles, was carried out employing acidic indole ring closure reaction (Fischer indole synthesis) starting from 1-3. Because only 5 had a high antifungal potency its derivatives 7-10 were also prepared. But these derivatives were unfortunately found to be inactive. Structure elucidation of 1-10 were made by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectral data.

Antifungal Agents↗