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Biomedical subjects

A Salman

Publications and source records attributed to A Salman.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Definitive one-stage emergency large bowel surgery.

During a 30-month period, 126 operations for emergency large bowel conditions were performed: 57 were for colonic carcinoma, 26 for acute diverticulitis, 14 for colonic ischaemia, 13 for complications of inflammatory bowel disease, and 16 for other conditions. Sixty-eight patients had peritonitis. One hundred and ten patients (87.3 per cent) underwent immediate resection. Of these, 83 (65.9 per cent of the overall group) had colonic resection with primary anastomosis but without a colostomy, 56 of which were left-sided colonic resections. Excluding 9 of the 68 patients with peritonitis, who had a total colectomy, 66 per cent also underwent resection, anastomosis and no colostomy. Total group mortality was 14.3 per cent: 12.7 per cent in the immediate resection group, 9.6 per cent in those with primary anastomosis and no colostomy, 5.2 per cent in the group with peritonitis undergoing resection and anastomosis, and 25 per cent in those having non-resectional surgery. Complications included an overall wound infection rate of 10.3 per cent and a clinical anastomotic leak rate of 7.2 per cent in those who had anastomosis without colostomy. Our results suggest that resection and primary anastomosis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a high proportion of cases of emergency large bowel conditions, irrespective of underlying pathology, site of disease or the presence of peritonitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The true incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The number of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) was documented over an 8-year-period in a known population age group. Patient figures were collected from the operative and post-mortem registers in the Worthing Health District. The overall mean incidence of RAAA was 13.9/100,000 patient years, although the incidence was noted to increase from 9.2 to 17.5/100,000 patient years during this period. The incidence in the male population rose from 4.7/100,000 for those in the fifth decade to 184.8/100,000 for those above 80. For patients undergoing operation, the peri-operative survival was 38%, however the overall survival was 11% as 64% of patients died at home. These figures demonstrate an increasing incidence of ruptured AAA. They also add support to the need for screening of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms and elective repair if the incidence and hence mortality is to be reduced.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Heterogeneity of serum basal C peptide levels amongst Arab patients with diabetes mellitus.

Thirty-four Arab patients with history of diabetes mellitus but without history of ketoacidosis (Group 2), and 16 Arab patients with history of diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis (Group 1) were studied. They were compared with 15 healthy control subjects and were further broken down according to sex and type of therapy. Fasting serum C-peptide, glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in all subjects. C-peptide levels in Group 2 were higher (t = 2.95) and exhibited greater heterogeneity (Variance ratio 3.60, p less than 0.005) than those in Group 1. Female subjects in Group 2 were more obese than male subjects in the same group, and exhibited greater heterogeneity of their C-peptide levels (Variance ratio 9.47, p less than 0.001). Although male patients in Group 2 on insulin therapy were older than male subjects on diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 3.52, p less than 0.01), female subjects on insulin therapy were younger than those on diet or oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 2.05, p less than 0.05). Furthermore female patients on insulin therapy had lower serum glycosylated haemoglobin levels than female subjects on oral hypoglycemic agents (t = 2.05, p less than 0.05) but male patients on insulin therapy had higher serum glycosylated haemoglobin than those on oral hypoglycemic agents. These data suggest the earlier tendency of physicians to prescribe insulin in women of child bearing age but suggest that earlier prescribing habits of insulin may improve diabetic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of lipid peroxides to diabetic complications. Comparison with conventional laboratory tests.

One hundred and seventy-three Arab patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 51 controls were examined. The routine laboratory tests of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine (FRA), and triglycerides (TG) were compared with lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) as detected by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, which measures total TBA reacting substances (TBARS). All routine laboratory measures were elevated in the patient population. In the case of LHP, values in NIDDM were 491 +/- 183 mumol/L for men and 507 +/- 183 mumol/L for women, as compared with pooled normal values of 275 +/- 85 mumol/L. Seven patients with NIDDM undergoing hemodialysis were also elevated above normal (441 +/- 97 mumol/L). Comparisons between LHP and the other biochemical parameters indicated a positive statistical correlation with triglycerides (p less than 0.001); FBS, HbA1c, and FRA (p greater than 0.01). Patients with NIDDM on dietary control had somewhat lower LHP levels (441 +/- 135 mumol/L) than those receiving insulin (519 +/- 206 mumol/L), or oral hypoglycemic agents (518 +/- 177 mumol/L). Dietary maintenance also resulted in reduced FBS and HbA1c levels. Subdivision of patients according to duration of disease and by nationality showed that Kuwaiti nationals had slightly higher LHP values than did patients of other Arabic origin. Women patients (Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti) with NIDDM disease duration of greater than 10 years, had LHP levels above those of males (551 +/- 245 versus 478 +/- 126 mumol/L) and, as a group, showed significant enhancement of retinal complications (85.5% versus 55%). A statistically significant trend (p less than 0.08) could be demonstrated between the prevalence of retinopathy and increasing serum LHP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excess body fat distribution and glucose homeostasis in obese Arab women.

The relationship of body fat distribution to glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Arab women was studied in 102 obese non-diabetic and 40 obese women with diabetes. The obese women underwent a glucose tolerance test. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the waist/hip ratio and the plasma glucose concentration at 120 min. When divided into two groups according to the median of their waist/hip ratio (0.815), obese women without history of diabetes but with high waist/hip ratio (0.86 +/- 0.07, mean +/- SD) had significantly higher prevalence of glucose intolerance and of diabetes mellitus than those with the low ratio (0.78 +/- 0.03, chi 2 = 9.32, p less than 0.001). The highest ratio (0.89 +/- 0.06) was observed in the obese women with known diabetes mellitus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at higher wavenumbers (mid IR) shed light on biomarkers for carcinogenesis in tissues?

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a technique for detection of abnormal cell proliferation and premalignant conditions. In the present study, we investigate the absorbance in the sensitive wavenumber region between 2800 and 3000 cm(-1), which has been known to be due to the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 groups of proteins and lipids. We report common biomarkers from this region that distinguish between normal and malignant tissues and cell lines. Based on our findings, we propose that the wavenumber region around 2800 to 3000 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectra of cells and tissues could provide valuable scientific evidence at the onset of premalignancy and may be used for ex vivo and in vitro detection of carcinogenesis. To further examine the utility of these markers in cancer diagnosis and management, they are tested successfully in monitoring the changes occurring in leukemia patients during chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain outcomes after intestinal surgery.

Pain sensation and distress in 38 intestinal surgical patients were moderate to severe on postoperative day 1, ranging from 34 to 49 mm and 33 to 45 mm, respectively, on 100-mm scales. During ambulation, both increased from baseline to post-ambulation, P < 0.01. Half of the patients reported severe pain not relieved by analgesics, and although 44% learned a relaxation technique in the past, only 8% used one for pain after this surgery. Pain disturbed the sleep of 34% of the patients, and pain was related to respiratory, intestinal, febrile, and other complications in 18 (47%) subjects. Attentive analgesic use and nonpharmacologic therapies are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is ultrasonography essential before surgery in eyes with advanced cataracts?

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography is an important tool for evaluating the posterior segment in eyes with opaque media. AIM: To study the incidence of posterior segment pathology in eyes with advanced cataract and to see whether certain features could be used as predictors for an abnormal posterior segment on ultrasound. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in South India. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this prospective study conducted over a 6-month period, all eyes with dense cataracts precluding visualization of fundus underwent assessment with ultrasound. Presence of certain patient and ocular "risk" factors believed to be associated with a higher incidence of abnormal posterior segment on ultrasound were looked for and the odds ratio (OR) for posterior segment pathology in these eyes was calculated. RESULTS: Of the 418 eyes assessed, 36 eyes (8.6%) had evidence of posterior segment pathology on ultrasound. Retinal detachment (17 eyes; 4.1%) was the most frequent abnormality detected. Among patient features, diabetes mellitus (OR= 4.9, P= 0.003) and age below 50 years (OR= 15.4, P= 0.001) were associated with a high incidence of abnormal ultrasound scans. In ocular features, posterior synechiae (OR= 20.2, P= 0.000), iris coloboma (OR= 34.6, P= 0.000), inaccurate projection of rays (OR= 15.1, P= 0.002), elevated intraocular pressure (OR= 15.1, P= 0.004) and keratic precipitates (OR= 22.4, P= 0.004) were associated with high incidence of posterior segment pathology. Only four eyes (1.5%) without these features had abnormal posterior segment on ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Certain patient and ocular features are indicative of a high risk for posterior segment pathology and such patients should be evaluated by ultrasonography prior to cataract surgery. In the absence of these risk factors, the likelihood of detecting abnormalities on preoperative ultrasonography in eyes with advanced cataracts is miniscule.

Adolescent↗