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Biomedical subjects

A T Cockett

Publications and source records attributed to A T Cockett.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reactions of antisera to HCG with living human spermatozoa.

Antisera to hCG were incubated with living human spermatozoa. Agglutination and complement-dependent immobilization of the spermatozoa occurred with the anti-hCG sera but not with control sera. The antisera also reacted with human blood cells. The anti-sperm activities were largely removed by absorbing the sera with human blood cells, although these absorptions had no apparent effect on the anti-hCG activities measured by passive haemagglutination. There was, therefore, little evidence for the presence of hCG-like molecules at the surface of living human spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection of sperm surface IgG by modified haemadsorption procedures.

New haemadsorption procedures for the detection of sperm bound IgG are described. Antibody-coated sperm are fixed with formaldehyde and attached by poly-L-lysine to the bases of wells on plastic plates where they can be left for several days if necessary. Sensitised indicator red cell (for direct haemadsorption) or anti-IgG sera followed by indicator red cells (for indirect haemadsorption) are then added to these wells and the presence of antibody indicated by red cell attachment to sperm. The procedure uses simple reagents and the sperm/red cell rosettes may be fixed and stained to be kept as records.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Updating computed tomography of bladder carcinoma in assessing response to immunotherapy and attenuated irradiation.

Computed tomography (CT) was utilized as part of the surgical-pathologic-radiologic evaluation of 21 patients who were treated for bladder carcinoma with attenuated irradiation and immunotherapy. Fifteen patients had moderately infiltrative (Stage B2-C or less) disease, and it was found that a routine high resolution CT technique using a modern fast scanner delineated the tumor in most cases. More accurate assessment of tumor response to therapy and evaluation of tumor progression were facilitated using a gas insufflation technique combined with intravenous contrast fusion. This was followed in selected cases by quantitative measurements of CT attenuation values using a recently introduced CT software program. Using this program, individual pixel values were obtained in selected areas and evaluation of the resulting numerical data and pixel histograms aided in the differentiation of tumor tissue from adjacent bladder wall and mapped out areas of tumor necrosis. Our preliminary observations suggest that quantitative CT studies incorporating assessment of printouts of attenuation values of adjacent pixels within a region of interest will improve the delineation of smaller (B1/B2) lesions and will aid objective characterization of tumor tissue during and following therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the pelvis: sagittal and coronal image reconstruction in the evaluation of infiltrative bladder carcinoma.

The application of reconstructed images in the sagittal and coronal planes is discussed and illustrated with respect to the computed tomographic (CT) evaluation, including staging, of bladder carcinoma. Reconstruction CT was found to be particularly useful in delineating the craniocaudal extent of tumor. In addition, reconstructed images frequently aided the CT evaluation of the relationship of tumor mass to adjacent structures such as seminal vesicles and prostate gland. The improved anatomical orientation achieved by reconstruction was found useful in the presurgical evaluation of tumor site and extent of the lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous antegrade extrusion of ureteral stones.

A technique to extrude small obstructing ureteral stones with a catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy tract is described. The technique was successfully used to extrude obstructing ureteral stones in three patients who had ileal loop urinary diversions and who were poor operative risks, and in one patient who had had no previous urinary tract surgery. In these four patients, ureteral stones were dislodged and removed without complication. The technique may have advantages over previously described techniques, particularly in patients with ileal conduits in whom established retrograde cystoscopic techniques are difficult to perform, and in patients who are poor operative risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The varicocele: new experimental and clinical data.

Numerous reports have shown that serotonin (5-HT) has a detrimental effect on spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis. Serotonin has two mechanisms of action on the testicle: (1) vasoconstrictive changes possibly causing premature sloughing of spermatozoa, and (2) alteration of androgen metabolism. The data in our animals with the experimental varicocele clearly mimic the human situation. All seminal parameters except volume are decreased after the varicocele is created. In many infertile patients with a varicocele, serotonin may be the inciting factor which results in subfertile semen. This is corroborated by the presence of elevated serotonin levels in spermatic vein plasma of most patients with a varicocele who undergo surgery. More data, comparing the relationship between spermatic vein and peripheral blood serotonin levels in patients with and without a varicocele, are needed. This investigation is being pursued in patients undergoing inguinal surgery for other lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Internal urethrotomy using Sachse knife for managing urethral strictures.

Urethral strictures secondary to trauma have been a frequent cause of obstruction in the male population residing in Saudi Arabia. This study of 59 patients presenting with urethral strictures covers a two-year period. Patients were asked to return for the initial follow-up one month after treatment and were asked about the force of their urine stream. They returned again after six months for a urethrogram; finally yearly follow-ups were commenced.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1980

Intrarenal and in situ kidney workbench surgery under hypothermia.

Two methods are described to cool the kidney. The surgact type of device can cover the entire kidney or a single pole. The second method for cooling the kidney is use of an intracellular hypothermic solution with methylprednisolone; the kidney is flushed via the renal artery to achieve cooling. Two interesting cases are presented which illustrate the methods used to achieve hypothermia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in children: the roile of renal autotransplantation.

We describe 2 children with renovascular hypertension treated successfully by autotransplantation, as well as an additional child in whom ex vivo microsurgical repair was attempted. The literature is reviewed and all patients within the pediatric age group with renovascular hypertension who were treated surgically are reported. The different types of vascular reconstructive techniques and, particularly, the previous use of autotransplantation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Modification for computerized tomographic staging of infiltrative bladder carcinoma.

Technique modifications for computed tomographic staging of infiltrative bladder carcinoma are aimed at maximizing image quality and reducing artifactual problems, particularly those associated with the effects of motion owing to poor patient cooperation. Patients unable to tolerate a lengthy procedure or the prone position have been studied using a low density contrast technique with controlled bladder distension. Although the intravesical tumor component often is not as dramatically demonstrated as with the gas insufflation technique the accuracy of both staging procedures appears to be high. The tendency towards overstaging is common to bladder opacification and gas insufflation techniques but this may be reduced considerably by bowel opacification when necessary and the use of intravenous contrast enhancement techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The varicocele: elevated serotonin and infertility.

Serotonin is known to be toxic to testicular function. In a series of canine studies serotonin was found to be elevated in both spermatic veins after creation of a varicocele by partial ligation of the left renal vein. A total of 42 consecutive infertile male patients with a palpable varicocele and a seminal stress pattern had peripheral and spermatic vein serotonin levels determined at the time of high spermatic vein ligation. Of these patients 27 (64 per cent) had spermatic vein serotonin levels equal to or greater than peripheral levels. These patients demonstrated significantly lower sperm motility, percentage of live sperm and elevated percentages of immature and tapered sperm forms compared to those patients with lower spermatic vein serotonin levels. The interrelationships among the varicocele, premature sloughing of immature sperm and serotonin are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathophysiology of bends and decompression sickness. An overview with emphasis on treatment.

Current concepts in the pathophysiology of decompression sickness are reviewed. Mild, moderate, and severe forms of this syndrome resulting from gaseous and lipid emboli are described. Therapy is aimed at restoring or specifically treating each alteration. Plasma volume deficit is restored by colloidal re-expansion. Decompression sickness is partially treated when recompression alone is used. Blood lipid alterations are managed by use of antilipemic agents. Dextran is mentioned. Divers at depths of 61 m display changes in hematocrit, platelet, and blood lipid profiles. Cord paralysis may occur from bubbles in the vena cava. Retrograde migration blocks the venous circulation of the spinal cord. Ultrasonic devices can detect "silent" bubbles during decompression. Recompression, when available, is a lifesaving treatment for diving accidents involving saturation diving. Air embolism is discussed. Monitoring emboli by EEG and fundoscopy are reported.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1979

Topical levarterenol in control of bladder hemorrhage.

Topical levarterenol was evaluated for the control of bladder hemorrhage. Its possible toxic effects were investigated in the intact dog bladder, and its use was compared with saline irrigations in experimental massive bladder hemorrhage. Eight mg.% levarterenol was found to be safe and effective in our model.

Administration, Topical↗