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Biomedical subjects

A Toivanen

Publications and source records attributed to A Toivanen.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Measurement of immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparison of lipopolysaccharide and whole bacterium as antigen.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantitation of human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by using lipopolysaccharides as antigens is described. The results obtained with the lipopolysaccharide ELISA were compared with the results of the whole bacterium ELISA. The correlations observed were good for each immunoglobulin class. Cross-reactions between Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA, and Brucella abortus were studied by human and rabbit antisera in the whole bacterium and lipopolysaccharide ELISAs and by rabbit antisera using ELISA inhibition. The greatest cross-reactivity observed was that of the anti-Brucella serum with Y. enterocolitica O:9 in the whole bacterium ELISA. In the lipopolysaccharide ELISA this cross-reaction was not demonstrable with the rabbit antiserum, but it was strong with the human antiserum. However, differential diagnosis was possible with ELISA inhibition. On the basis of our experience, we are now routinely using whole bacterium ELISA for the determination of class-specific Yersinia antibodies, and potential cross-reactions are controlled by the ELISA inhibition.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Long-term effect of postoperative irradiation on the immune functions in patients with mammary carcinoma.

The effect of postoperative irradiation on the immune functions of 13 patients with breast carcinoma is reported, using as parameters the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, percentages of E and EAC rosette forming cells, and lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA, Con A and PPD. After irradiation the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes was reduced during 8 months. The percentages of E and EAC rosette forming cells were not altered during the observation time of 7 to 36 months. In the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to PHA, Con A and PPD, the postoperative irradiation caused a decrease which, regarding PHA and Con A, lasted up to 8 months and then recovered. The decrease in the proliferative responses to PPD was stronger and lasted during the whole observation time. In the mitogenic responses of patients with recurrent or disseminating disease no difference could be demonstrated as compared with the patients living recurrence-free.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Persistence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to Yersinia in yersinia arthritis.

IgA antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica were demonstrated in the sera of 13 patients with severe versinia arthritis who were studied six to eight months after an acute infection with Yersinia. Four of the patients were monitored for two to three years, and they continued to demonstrate these antibodies. Only one of 12 control patients (individuals with yersinia infection without arthritis) had IgA antibodies specific to Yersinia six to eight months after the acute infection. The persistence of IgG antibodies was also in direct correlation to the occurrence of arthritis, but not as clearly as was the persistence of IgA antibodies. Antibodies of the IgM class persisted in most cases for only one to three months and always disappeared during the first six months after the onset of the infection. Thus, the demonstration of IgA antibodies to Yersinia is important in the diagnosis of yersinia arthritis, and the occurrence of IgM antibodies indicates a recently acquired infection with Yersinia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Yersinia arthritis in children.

Over a 10-year period 37 children were hospitalized with infections of Yersinia enterocolitica III, IX or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA. The diagnosis was based on elevated antibody titres against these micro-organisms. Thirteen of the children had reactive arthritis caused by Yersinia. The duration of arthritis in the primary phase varied between 3 and 22 months, the average being 6.5 months. Two patients developed persistent arthritis. chemical synovectomy with osmic acid was performed in 3 children because of persistent synovitis in the knee joint. All 3 became asymptomatic after this therapy. The follow-up study of the patients with arthritis was performed after an average period of 4 years 7 months. The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was found in 11 of the 13 children. This group included both patients with chronic arthritis and the 3 synovectomized children. Reactive arthritis in this material was a common, serious complication in an otherwise benign infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Germinal center formation in BSA-tolerant chickens.

In chickens rendered neonatally tolerant to BSA the germinal center formation was significantly decreased after stimulation with BSA at the age of 3 weeks. At the breakdown of tolerance after the age of 6 weeks the IgG antibody formations recovered before the IgM production. Stimulation of tolerant birds with unrelated antigens resulted in slightly decreased antibody response but the germinal center formation was on the same level as in normal controls.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Prolonged BCG treatment of melanoma: does it suppress the immune capacity?

The immunological status of seven patients with disseminated melanoma during BCG scarification was followed. As parameters, the total peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, serum immunoglobulin levels, natural ABO blood group antibodies, lymphocyte responses in vitro to PHA and PPD, and skin reactivity against PPD and candidin were followed during a period of 2--36 months. The EAC-rosette-forming cells increased and the E-rosette-forming cells decreased during prolonged BCG therapy. The skin reactions and lymphocyte responses showed in most patients conversion from negative to positive or augmentation at the start of the therapy. Later on, however, the values in most patients dropped before disseminated disease became clinically apparent. In the only surviving patient the values first increased, remained high, and after 100 weeks treatment decreased. After 140 weeks' treatment immunological parameters are similar to pre-treatment levels. The possibility that prolonged intensive BCG treatment might eventually suppress the immune system, and thus result in an enhanced risk of dissemination of the disease, is discussed.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1979

Maturation of bursal stem cells within allogeneic or syngeneic bursal microenvironment: acquisition of postbursal maturity.

Differentiation of bursal stem cells in an allogeneic or syngeneic bursal microenvironment was compared. Bursal stem cells were transplanted into CY-treated 4-day-old recipients and permitted to differentiate in these hosts for 6 weeks. Their maturity degree was thereafter assessed by transplanting them into secondary recipients by using morphologic and functional criteria. As the secondary recipients 4-day-old CY-treated or CY-treated and surgically bursectomized chicks were used. The results obtained demonstrate that bursal stem cells develop to mature postbursal cells also within an allogeneic bursa. They also indicate that although the interaction of different lymphoid cells requires histocompatibility, the interaction between stromal cells in the bursa and lymphoid progenitors is not genetically restricted.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Is group-specific meningococcal vaccination resulting in epidemics caused by groups of virulent meningococci?

In 1976 routine vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C was started in the Finnish Armed Forces. A case of fulminant, complicated pneumonia caused by group-Y meningococcus in a vaccinated recruit, prompted a study of the distribution of the meningococcal groups isolated from the recruits in the same unit. 14 (46%) of the 31 isolates from 84 recruits were group Y. Group-Y meningococcus was rarely isolated from unvaccinated controls. These results suggest that widespread vaccination against serogroups A and C may have led to an increase in the frequency of meningococcus group Y.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1978

The influence of 5-fluorouracil on cellular and humoral immunity in cancer patients.

The effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the immune functions of twelve patients with disseminated cancer were studied, using as parameters the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, serum immunoglobulin levels, titers of natural blood group antibodies, percentages of E and EAC rosette forming cells, and lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA and PPD. No effects on the humoral immune functions or on the percentages of E and EAC rosette forming cells were observed. 5-FU caused a decrease in the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to PHA and PPD. The patients could be divided into two groups: those surviving for six months or more, and those succumbing earlier. The latter ones had already initially poor proliferative responses, particularly to PPD, and the response strongly decreased during the 5-FU treatment. In the patients with a longer survival time, the effects of 5-FU on the PPD and PHA responses were not as striking.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

Early ontogeny of germinal center formation in the chicken.

Germinal center formation was studied in the spleen of young chickens immunized in ovo and at the time of hatching. When immunization was performed on day 18 in ovo and on the day of hatching, the first germinal centers were observed at 4 days. This is markedly earlier than in unimmunized chickens, where the first germinal centers appear at the age of 10 days or later. Germinal center formation preceded significant antibody production. The possible role of germinal centers in the generation of immunological memory is discussed in the light of these and earlier observations.

Aging↗