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Biomedical subjects

A Toivanen

Publications and source records attributed to A Toivanen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Fatal influenza A myocarditis with isolation of virus from the myocardium.

A previously healthy 27-year-old woman developed an acute cardiac failure one week after onset of influenza-like respiratory infection, and died on her fourth day in hospital. Intravital differential diagnosis included myocardial infarction because of ECG changes and massive elevation of myocardial enzymes. Autopsy revealed severe myocarditis and intact coronary arteries. At microscopic examination the myocardium was heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes, and there was a marked myocytolysis. Influenza A virus was isolated from the myocardial tissue. An immunological mechanism of myocardial damage is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Granulocyte function in untreated pernicious anaemia.

Neutrophil granulocyte functions were evaluated in nine patients with pernicious anaemia (PA). Membrane potential, oxygen consumption, nitroblue tetrozolium reduction, and phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci were determined prior to the institution of vitamin B12 therapy. There were no significant alterations in these granulocyte functions as compared with normal controls, although in several patients low values were seen. We conclude that in PA the oxidative metabolism and microbicidal functions of granulocytes in general are normal, even in severely anaemic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Origin of peripheral blood macrophages in bursa-cell-reconstituted chickens. Further evidence of MHC-restricted interactions between T and B lymphocytes.

MHC class-I antigens on peripheral blood macrophages and bursa cells were analysed after adoptive bursa cell transfer to cyclophosphamide-treated immunodeficient chickens. We studied the expression of B-F locus-encoded antigens (B-F is homologous to mouse H-2K, D) on macrophages and B cells and found that macrophage B-F antigens are of host origin, whereas bursa cells express only donor-type B-F antigens. Both syngeneic and allogeneic bursa cells restored IgM antibody production to a T-cell-independent antigen, Brucella, but only syngeneic bursa cells could restore the IgG antibody response to a thymus-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes. The results indicate that B-cell maturation and macrophage-B-cell interaction are not MHC-restricted but that a restriction exists in T-cell-B-cell collaboration.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics of chicken intraembryonic cells that express B-L (Ia-like) antigen under the influence of cultured bursal epithelium.

In-vitro-cultured bursal epithelium (BE) and BE-conditioned medium (BECM) induce B-L antigen on chicken intraembryonic cells. Cells prepared from 9-day-old intraembryonic mesoderm were fractionated in accordance with cell size by linear albumin gradient sedimentation at 1 g. Two cell types could be distinguished on which expression of the B-L antigen was altered after a 6-h incubation with the bursal epithelial component. One fraction contained small mononuclear cells with low sedimentation velocity (less than or equal to 3 mm/h) and low spontaneous proliferation activity. These cells responded strongly to BECM and showed a slight but not significant response to BE (index after incubation with BECM 3.8, with BE 1.7, as compared with RPMI medium control). The other fraction was composed of large mononuclear cells with sedimentation velocity greater than 9 mm/h and with high spontaneous proliferation. These cells showed a response of equal magnitude to both BE and BECM (index after incubation with BE 2.0, with BECM 2.3). These results suggest that the bursa of Fabricius has influence on two different cell types: a large, probably primitive undifferentiated cell, responding equally to bursal cellular contacts and BE culture supernatant, and a small mononuclear cell type, probably more mature, responding more clearly to the bursal humoral factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

New recombinants within the MHC (B-complex) of the chicken.

In a search for genetic recombinations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, the B-complex, the offspring from matings between heterozygous B15/B21 and B4/B6 animals were analysed by red cell agglutination. Among the progeny, 8,912 informative typings were performed. Four recombinants were found, all separating the B-complex loci B-F and B-G (B-F codes for Class I antigens, B-G codes for an antigen of which there is no known homologue in mammals). B-L (Class II antigen) always followed B-F. Stimulation in graft versus host reactions and in mixed lymphocyte cultures followed B-F/B-L. The mapping distance between the two loci B-F and B-G is in the range of 0.04 centimorgan. The lack of recombinants separating individual B-F loci in this study and in the studies of others might indicate that chicken MHC is less complex than those of mammalian species, but alternative explanations are also possible. So far no serologically defined recombinant separating Class I (B-F) and Class II (B-L) loci has been found.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Graft-versus-host reaction in 3 adult leukaemia patients after transfusion of blood cell products.

We describe 3 cases of acute graft-versus-host (GVH) disease in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia following transfusions taken from non-HLA-identical healthy donors. The leucocyte transfusions were given because of severe bone marrow aplasia and granulocytopenia following leukaemia induction treatment. The first patient had an acute GVH reaction with an erythrodermia-like skin reaction all over and associated with severe abdominal cramping, enlarged liver and pathological liver function tests. The second patient had a relatively mild skin reaction and enlarged liver. Both died of severe pulmonary infection. The third patient also had a mild skin reaction and enlarged liver. He died of pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis of GVH of the latter 2 cases was made on skin biopsy. The autopsy samples revealed in all cases a heavy lymphocytic infiltration of the kidneys and liver portal area. Until more precise guidelines can be established, irradiation of blood cell products given to patients with neutropenia due to leukaemia induction treatment should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Depressed lymphocyte transformation by yersinia and Escherichia coli in yersinia arthritis.

Lymphocyte transformation responses were studied in 21 patients with acute yersinia infection followed-up after the acute infection for up to one year. Eight patients had reactive arthritis caused by yersinia. The responses to the causative serotype of yersinia were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with arthritis than in those without arthritis. Stimulation with Escherichia coli gave lower responses than with yersinia, but with E. coli the difference between arthritic and nonarthritic groups was more significant (p less than 0.02). The responses to yersinia and E. coli were not correlated with the presence of HLA B27. Lymphocyte transformation by purified protein derivative of tuberculin, streptokinase-streptodornase, phytohaemagglutinin, or concanavalin-A revealed no significant differences between the arthritic and nonarthritic groups. The role of the enterobacterial common antigen in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immune capacity of the chicken bursectomized at 60 hours of incubation: mitogen-induced cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion.

Chickens were bursectomized surgically at 60 hr of incubation. Bone marrow cells from the bursectomized (Bx) and control (Co) chickens responded equally well by proliferation to B cell mitogens (dextran sulfate, anti-mu, anti-gamma) when studied at the age of 10 weeks. In contrast, spleen cells of Bx chickens responded significantly less to anti-mu and anti-gamma than did spleen cells of the Co chickens. When observed at the age of 10 days, a significantly depressed secretion of IgM, IgG, and IgA by the Bx cells was observed in vitro. This difference between the Bx and Co chickens had disappeared when studied at the age of 10 weeks.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

B cell genotype determines interaction preference with T cells: no effect of maturation environment.

B cell development in the bursa of Fabricius of the chicken was examined. We constructed neonatal bursa cell chimeras (F1 leads to parent, parent leads to F1) and studied the in vivo interaction of these chimeric B cells with host-derived T cells in adoptive cell transfer to determine whether there exists any environmental effect on B cells for MHC-restricted T-B cell interaction. The results indicate that F1 B cells that have developed in a parental host bursa still behave as normal F1 B cells and do not show any change in their MHC-restriction pattern. In addition, parent leads to F1 chimeric B cells were indistinguishable from normal parental B cells. B cells from all constructed chimeras, including fully allogeneic, responded well to the T-independent antigen Brucella. We conclude that the genotype of the B cell, and not the developmental environment, determines the MHC restriction phenotype of mature B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Differential in vitro effects of etretinate and retinoic acid on the PHA and con A induced lymphocyte transformation, suppressor cell induction and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) production.

The in vitro influence of two retinoids, etretinate and retinoic acid, on the human lymphocyte transformation, on the induction of suppressor cells and on leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) production were investigated. Nontoxic concentration of retinoic acid increased significantly the PHA response to suboptimal mitogen concentrations, but had no effect on the Con A response; it also abolished the PHA induced LMIF production. In corresponding assays etretinate was without effect. Etretinate augmented the PHA induced suppressor cell activity, while retinoic acid was ineffective. No effect was observed on Con A induced suppressor cells by either retinoid. The findings extend the information about the immunomodulatory effects of retinoids and demonstrate that retinoic acid and etretinate have different effects on PHA and Con A induced immune responses. The mode of action of retinoids is discussed.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1982

Acute anterior uveitis after yersinia infection.

Twenty-eight cases of acute anterior uveitis in which raised antibody titres indicated yersinia infection as a possible causative factor in the disease were studied retrospectively. In most cases the antibodies belonged to the IgA class; in only 6 patients did the presence of IgM class antibodies indicate recent infection. In half the cases also antibody titres against Chlamydia were raised. The clinical features and course of the disease did not differ from those of acute anterior uveitis due to other causes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Induction of B cell differentiation in vitro by bursal epithelium.

The inductive capacity of in vitro cultured epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of its soluble products on B cells precursors was evaluated. The appearance of surface Ia-like antigens was used as an indicator of the early B cell differentiation in vitro. Cultured bursal epithelium as well as soluble substances produced by it were able to initiate B cell development; Ia alloantigens were induced by both syngeneic and allogeneic epithelia. In both cases the induced Ia antigens represented the genotype of the responding cells.

Animals↗