PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A V Mel'nikov

Publications and source records attributed to A V Mel'nikov.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Adrenoblockers in prophylaxis of acute urination retention after surgery].

The results of operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity and the small pelvis in 70 men are analyzed. For evaluation of the condition of the urogenital system and urination parameters preoperatively all patients underwent ultrasound examination of the urine bladder and the prostate with the residual urine evaluation, uroflowmetry. Summary value of the symptoms was evaluated according to international system IPSS and the quality of life was assessed (QOL). 30 patients administered doxazosin according to the scheme: 2 preoperative days 2 mg/day, then 3 days--4 mg/day, and 3 postoperative days--4 mg/day. 5 patients dook tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day for 5 preoperative days and 3 postoperative days. 35 men took placebo, in this group acute anuria in postop period was detected in 4 patients (11.4%). All of them were over 60 years and had benign hyperplasy of the prostate, they initially had disturbances in urination (in average Qmax = 9.7 ml/sec, IPSS = 7, QOL = 3). Ischuria was absent in patients administered alpha 1-adrenoblockers. The authors suggest that probability of the development of acute retention of urine in postoperative period is higher in persons, suffering from benign hyperplasy of the prostate and in those, who have initial disturbances in urination. The use of alpha 1-adrenoblockers preoperatively and in early postoperative period allows minimizing probability of development of ischuria paradoxa in men.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of electrotranquilization on the hormonal indices of alcoholic patients].

The correlation between clinical signs of alcoholism dynamics and hormonal status indices was analysed in 26 patients during medical electrotranquilization sessions. Electrotranquilization (ET) was carried out by "Lénar" (Russia) apparatus. There were estimated the concentrations of the following hormones: adrenocorticotropic hormone, hydrocortisone, prolactin, follicle stimulating, luteinizing hormones, estriol, testosterone, somatotropic, thyrotropic hormones, triiodothyronine, tyrosine and insulin. The inverse correlation was observed between the estriol, testosterone and tyrosine levels on the one hand and the clinical signs of the reaction to alcohol administration on the other hand. So far as the disease severity strengthened, both the elevation of estriol and the decrease of testosterone levels were observed. The prolactin concentration correlated directly with meta-alcoholic clinical signs gravity. This confirmed the prolactin role both in postalcoholic haemostasis restoration and in pathogenesis of meta-alcoholic clinical signs. In alcoholic patients the ET normalized the serum prolactin level as well as promoted the trend to normalization of estriol and testosterone levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rat brain reactions to acute brain stem lesion on dynamics of parameters of cerebral electric activity].

Despite an old history of a question, adaptive brain reactions that develop after an acute brainstem lesion have not been adequately investigated. With the aim to study the central mechanisms of compensation/decompensation and to specify the character of involvement of orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus into these processes the spatiotemporal organization of brain electric activity was analyzed in 8 rats before and after electrolytic brainstem lesion at the level of the lateral vestibular nucleus Deiters (VND). The electric activity was recorded from symmetric frontal and somatosensory cortical areas, hippocampal areas CA1, and intact VND. Spectralcoherent analysis showed that adaptive reactions are most clearly manifested by changes in the spatiotemporal organization of the theata activity: 1) early brainstemhippocampal synchronization of the electric activity in the frequency range of 6-7 Hz with subsequent involvement of anterior cortical regions is characteristic of survived animals; 2) independent hippocampal-cortical hemispheric system of excitation in the frequency of 4-5 Hz precedes the fatal outcome. On the day before the fatal outcome the interhemispheric coherence in the orbitofrontal cortex dropped, which suggests the involvement of these brain regions into the processes of visceral regulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selection of behavioral test parameters for estimation of typological features of rat behavior].

Behavior of 86 rats was examined in three behavioral tests, i.e., open field, forced swimming and emotionality by F. King. The results of statistical analysis of all the indices obtained with application of factor analysis suggest that the three tests characterize four relatively independent behavioral components: emotionality, locomotor-exploratory activity, olfactory performance, and resistance to adverse emotional factors. A contribution of each measured parameter to the above components was estimated. Such an approach makes it possible to reasonably select most important behavioral features when estimating locomotor activity and emotionality of animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the brain spontaneous bioelectrical activity during transcranial electrical and electromagnetic stimulation].

In order to study systemic brain reactions on transcranial electrical or electromagnetic medical stimulation and specify the neurophysiological criteria of its efficiency, comparative clinical and experimental examination was performed with the analysis of spontaneous bioelectric activity and behavioral or clinical parameters. We examined 6 patients with prolonged posttraumatic unconsciousness states treated with electrical stimulation and 17 intact Wistar rats subjected to electromagnetic stimulation of the brain. The effect of the transcranial stimulation was shown to depend on the initial level of the intercentral interactions of brain bioelectrical activity, estimated by the EEG coherence. Hypersynchronization of biopotentials as the main element of the brain reactivity can be the most useful for the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral pathology in cases of initially lowered level of the intercentral interactions in the absence of pathologically strengthened functional connections.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase by the paramagnetic label--paramagnetic probe method].

ESR spectra of nitroxyl derivative labelling with parachlormercury benzoate bound with SH-groups of Ca, Mg-dependent ATPase in the presence of Mn2+ ions are studied. It has been concluded from the saturation curves of ESR spectra that Mn2+ is localized at the distance approximately 40 A from the SH-group of the enzyme active centre. Platinum compound (K2PtCl4) changes the spectrum of ESR 1 due to the displacement of the label from the enzyme SH-groups and disintegration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum structure. Palladium compound (Pd(NH3)4Cl2) produced no effect on the ESR 1 spectrum.

Animals↗