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Biomedical subjects

A V Nikitin

Publications and source records attributed to A V Nikitin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Tolerance of gentacycol--a local dosage form of gentamicin based on collagen--animal experiments].

Gentacycol is a local dosage form of gentamicin based on collagen for implantation to wounds in treatment of patients with infections of soft tissues and prevention of contamination of open injuries of the bones and soft tissues. General toxic and organotropic properties of gentacycol were studied on animals with subcutaneous implantation of the dosage form in doses equivalent to the therapeutic dose for man and exceeding it 2-fold. The study showed that the dosage form had no unfavourable side effects on the animal general state, hearing, the functional state of the liver and kidneys and the peripheral blood. In the doses tested gentacycol did not influence the indices of the cardiovascular system and neuromuscular conduction. Morphological examination of the skin and hypodermic tissues in the implantation site revealed no damaging action of the dosage form on the surrounding tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental study of a novel formulation for local application based on gentamicin, erythromycin and protease C].

A novel formulation for local application based on an enzyme of microbial origin, C protease, and two antibiotics, gentamicin and erythromycin, was studied on various experimental models in rats with respect to its effect on necrotic tissues and recovery of the skin and hypodermic tissue defects due to wounds. It was found that even within the first days of the application the formulation induced lysis of the primary crust, lowered exudation and promoted debridement, reduced the wound size and completely closed it. By its effect the formulation was similar to iruxol. In chronic experiments on animals with long-term application of the formulation to the skin and wound surfaces it showed no unfavourable general toxic or organotropic properties. The local irritating action was insignificant.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Methodological aspects of the optimal use of combined chemo- and immunotherapy].

Methodical aspects of developing rational schemes of combined use of antibiotics and immunomodulators are discussed. Chemotherapeutic drugs are synergists of the factors of nonspecific resistance i. e. enzymes, cationic proteins, etc. However, prediction of the effect of both etiotropic agents and immunomodulators on resistance and immunity is rather complicated. A system for estimating efficacy of combined chemo- and immunotherapy based on multifactorial analysis is described. The main steps of the system are the following: choice of the quality criteria, determination of the experimental factors and levels, choice of the experimental design, performance of the experiment, computer processing of the results, construction of a polynomial statistic model and solution of the therapy problems. The method is universal and applicable to any combination of chemotherapeutics and immunomodulators.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Hypotension caused by intravenous infusion of rifampicin and its relation to the administration schedule].

It was shown in studies on animals that bolus administration of rifampicin induced hypotension whose severity depended on the rate of the antibiotic administration. When the antibiotic was administered in the 5-, 10- or 15-minute regimen in a dose of 10 mg/kg the maximum decrease in blood pressure was 44, 34 or 21% of the initial level and the maximum antibiotic concentration attained in the blood was 34.4, 27.2 or 22.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. With the infusion for 30 minutes, the maximum antibiotic concentration in the blood was 17.6 micrograms/ml and the blood pressure did not undergo any significant changes. When the rate of the antibiotic infusion was high there was pharmacokinetic heterogeneity of the blood serum and biophase which could lead to unpredictable results. After repeated administrations of rifampicin to the same animals pronounced tachyphylaxis to the antibiotic was noted, which manifested itself in decreasing of hypotension, though the serum antibiotic level was 1.5 to 2 times higher that the initial one. It was concluded that administration of rifampicin in the therapeutic dose equal to 10 mg/kg for 30 minutes was the most sparing regimen for the antibiotic bolus intravenous infusion. Gradual increase in the antibiotic dose and administration rate in patients is possible under careful control of blood pressure and pharmacokinetic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Immunocorrective therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The clinico-immunological efficacy is shown of including timoptin, levamysol, sodium nucleinate in the complex treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received glucocorticosteroids. It was found that employment of immunoregulating agents allowed to correct the immunological insufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, to increase the treatment efficacy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[General toxic and organotropic properties of cefotaxime in acute and chronic experiments].

The action of cefotaxime on the functions of the liver and kidneys, the peripheral blood count, growth and development of young animals, blood circulation, respiration and the central nervous system was studied in acute and chronic experiments on mice and rats. Allergenic, immunomodulating, embryotoxic and teratogenic properties of the antibiotic were also studied. Cefotaxime was shown to be low toxic. After intravenous administration to mice, its LD50 amounted to 7000 (6295-7805) mg/kg. In the chronic experiments on rats with intramuscular and intravenous administration of the antibiotic in doses equivalent by the body surface to the course doses for humans there were no significant shifts in the function of the liver and kidneys, the count of the blood formed elements and the histologic pattern of the viscera. In the therapeutic doses the antibiotic had no action on hemopoiesis, respiration and the central nervous system. The allergenic properties of cefotaxime were slightly pronounced and similar to those of klaforan. The antibiotic had no action on the host immunity and showed no embryotoxic and teratogenic properties. After intravenous and intramuscular administration, cefotaxime had a slight irritating action on the tissues which was similar to that of klaforan.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-genetic parallels in infectious inflammatory diseases of the lungs].

Investigation of the blood genetic markers ADB, Rh, Hp and Tr in 186 patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the lung revealed a significant increase in the blood group B(III), Rh- and phenotype Hp 2-2. It is proposed to consider the association of the blood group B(III), Rh- and Hp 2-2. as an unfavourable prognostic sign of infectious inflammatory diseases of the lung.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[The efficacy of the natural antibacterial preparation chlorophyllypt in the combined treatment of acute lung abscesses].

The complexity of the treatment of acute suppurative pulmonary diseases has been aggravated recently by the growth of microbial resistance to antibiotics and enhancement of the allergy incidence among the population. This circumstance restricts the use of antibiotic on a broad scale in clinical practice and makes the researchers go in studies of adequate substitutes. In the given case, use was made of chlorophyllipt. It was given to patients by intravenous drip in the form of a 0.25% solution based on saline twice a day. To increase local deposition of the administered antimicrobial drug in the affected area, interstitial electrophoresis was employed. In the patients' group on chlorophyllipt, the clinico-laboratory and x-ray parameters returned to normal earlier. Chlorophyllipt was noted to produce an immunocorrective action characterized by the normalization of the absolute count and percentage of E-RFC and theophylline-resistant-RFC. This action could not be observed in the patients' group receiving only antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-immunologic effectiveness of chlorophyllypt in the treatment of acute destructive pneumonia].

An attempt has been made to replace antibiotics by chlorophyllypt (0.25 per cent solution in physiological sodium chloride solution administered by intravenous drip). The clinical, laboratory and X-ray parameters in 22 patients treated by this drug normalized in earlier terms than those in 19 patients who received the traditional antibiotic therapy. Chlorophyllypt was found to have the immunocorrective effect manifested by the normalization of the T-lymphocyte number and their theophylline-resistant subpopulation. No such an effect was achieved when broad-action antibiotics were used.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Multifactor analysis of the immunomodulating properties of aclarubicin].

The effect of different doses of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic and different regimens of its use on the cellular and humoral immune response in mice with semisyngeneic carcinoma 755 was studied with using multifactor experiments. The resulting quantitative data were computer processed and 2nd order polynomial equations reflecting regressive relationships between the indices being studied and expressed graphically were developed. The analysis indicated that it was possible to use multifactor experiments for studying relationships between various factors defining this or that effect and in particular for determining optimal interaction between therapeutic and immunological activity of antitumor drugs.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1989

[The efficacy of combined immunomodulatory therapy with timoptin and sodium nucleinate in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

Study of the immunologic reactivity of 104 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis revealed the deficiency of cellular immunity for the most part. The use of timoptin, sodium nucleinate and their combined application raised the clinical efficacy of the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, significantly reduced the concentration of medium-weight molecules in blood serum, and corrected immunity disorders.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Multifactor analysis of parameters of immunity under the combined action of doxycycline and a low molecular weight immunomodulator of microbial origin].

The effect of doxycycline combination with a low molecular immunomodulator of microbial origin on the primary immune response to the vaccine EV antigens was studied in multifactor experiments. Mathematical processing of the data provided construction of polynomial statistic models of the second order describing increased delayed type hypersensitivity (IDTH) and the antibody titer. Analysis of the quasimonofactor models revealed different character of regulation of the cellular and humoral response. Nomograms were plotted for precise quantitative estimation of the dose-time parameters of the regimens for combined use of the antibiotic and immunomodulator providing the required levels of IDTH and the antibody titer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗