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Biomedical subjects

A Villarreal

Publications and source records attributed to A Villarreal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sexual function in women with and without urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse.

The sexual function of women with and without urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse (UI/POP) was compared using a condition-specific validated questionnaire, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ). Eighty-three women with UI/POP and 56 without agreed to participate. PISQ scores were significantly lower among women with UI/POP than in those without (P = 0.003). No differences in the stages of sexual excitement were noted between groups. The frequency of intercourse was less with UI/POP than without (P= 0.04). Women with UI/POP restricted sexual activity for fear of losing urine more frequently than did those without (P = 0.005). No differences were reported in patients' or partners' sexual satisfaction. This study found that women with UI/POP have poorer sexual functioning than those without, as measured by the PISQ, and report less frequent sexual activity. In addition, women with UI/POP are more likely to restrict sexual activity for fear of incontinence, although they report similar levels of satisfaction with their sexual relationships as do women without UI/POP.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A new instrument to measure sexual function in women with urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to develop a condition-specific, reliable, validated, and self-administered instrument to evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence. STUDY DESIGN: The questionnaire was designed after review of the literature and of nonspecific validated instruments. The study was completed in 2 phases. In phase 1 a total of 83 women completed both our questionnaire and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, with 20 women undergoing test-retest reliability analyses. Item analysis was based on the internal consistency, the correlations with the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, the patient's age and self-rating of satisfaction, and the results of reliability testing. For final validation the questionnaire was administered in phase 2 to 99 women. Factor and item analyses were repeated, results were correlated with the Sexual History Form-12, and comparison was made between patients with high depression scores and those with low depression scores on the Symptom Questionnaire. RESULTS: Factor analysis identified 3 domains, labeled Behavioral/Emotive, Physical, and Partner-Related. Sexual function scores were highly correlated with scores on the Sexual History Form-12 for the questionnaire (r = -0.74; P <.001) and for both the Behavioral/Emotive and the Partner-Related domains (r = -0.79 and -0.5, respectively; P <.001). The Physical domain was correlated with scores on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (r = -0.63; P <.001). Women with high depression scores on the Symptom Questionnaire had significantly lower scores on the final questionnaire, in comparison with women without depression (P <.001). CONCLUSION: We developed a condition-specific, validated, and reliable instrument, containing 31 items divided into 3 domains, to evaluate sexual functioning in women with urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A clinic-based molecular epidemiologic study of tuberculosis in Monterrey, Mexico.

SETTING: A tuberculosis clinic associated with a university hospital in Monterrey, Mexico, an urban community with high tuberculosis incidence. OBJECTIVE: To determine the diversity of DNA fingerprint patterns and the extent of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients who attended the clinic. DESIGN: Isolates of M. tuberculosis obtained from 186 patients during the period from 31 January 1996 to 31 March 1998 were tested for susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin. Demographic data and the social history of each patient were obtained prospectively by interview. The IS6110 DNA fingerprints were obtained for 166 of the 186 isolates. Secondary typing was carried out on isolates with fewer than six copies of IS6110. RESULTS: Thirty-two per cent of the tested isolates (60/ 186) were drug-resistant, and 18% (33/186) were multidrug-resistant. Approximately 55% of the resistant isolates (33/60) were attributed to acquired resistance. A total of 106 different IS6110 fingerprint patterns were observed among the 166 fingerprinted isolates. Based on both IS6110 and pTBN12 fingerprinting, 65 (39%) of the 166 isolates were part of 22 DNA fingerprint clusters. Various drug susceptibility patterns were seen in most clusters. CONCLUSION: Fingerprint clustering indicates extensive recent transmission of tuberculosis in patients attending the clinic. The prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of tobacco geminiviruses in the Old and New World.

Biological differences and molecular variability between six phenotypically distinct tobacco-infecting geminivirus isolates from southern Africa (Zimbabwe) and Mexico were investigated. Host range studies conducted with tobacco virus isolates ZIM H from Zimbabwe and MEX 15 and MEX 32 from Mexico indicated all had narrow host ranges restricted to the Solanaceae. Alignment of coat protein gene (CP) and common region (CR) sequences obtained by PCR, and phylogenetic analysis of the CP sequences indicated Zimbabwean isolates were distantly related to those from Mexico and that geographically proximal isolates shared their closest affinities with Old and New World geminiviruses, respectively. Zimbabwean isolates formed a distinct cluster of closely related variants (> 98% sequence identity) of the same species, while MEX 15 segregated independently from MEX 32, the former constituting a distinct species among New World geminiviruses, and the latter being a variant, Texas pepper virus-Chiapas isolate (TPV-CPS) with 95% sequence identity to TPV-TAM. Results collectively indicated a geographic basis for phylogenetic relationships rather than a specific affiliation with tobacco as a natural host. MEX 15 is provisionally described as a new begomovirus, tobacco apical stunt virus, TbASV, whose closest CP relative is cabbage leaf curl virus, and ZIM isolates are provisionally designated as tobacco leaf curl virus, TbLCV-ZIM, a new Eastern Hemisphere begomovirus, which has as its closest relative, chayote mosaic virus from Nigeria.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Intrapleural fibrinolysis with streptokinase as an adjunctive treatment in hemothorax and empyema: a multicenter trial.

To test the efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in patients with loculated pleural effusions, we conducted an open, prospective, and multicenter trial among five hospitals in Mexico. We enrolled patients with hemothorax or empyema, clotted and/or loculated, that was not resolved through conventional pleural drainage with chest tube and antibiotics in patients with empyema. All patients received repeated doses of 250,000 IU of streptokinase through chest tube. Effectiveness criteria were before and after intrapleural streptokinase (IPSK) drainage, and poststreptokinase radiographic and respiratory function test improvement. Forty-eight patients were studied; there were 30 patients with empyemas, 14 with hemothorax, and 4 patients with malignant pleural effusions without lung trapping. Successful fibrinolysis was obtained in 44 patients, with complete resolution of the pleural collection and adequate radiologic and spirometric improvement. In three of four patients with multiloculated malignant hemothorax with high-yielding pleural drainage, IPSK allowed successful lysis of loci and an adequate pleurodesis was achieved. Only four patients required surgical treatment. The overall success rate in our series was 92%, similar to previous reports. The results in this first prospective and multicentric trial suggest that intrapleural fibrinolysis is an effective and safe adjunctive treatment in patients with heterogeneous pleural coagulated and loculated collections to restore the pulmonary function assessed by respiratory function tests and can obviate surgery in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Achievement in an alternative high school for emotionally/behaviorally disturbed students.

Some 1,300 alternative high schools have been established in the United States for dealing with the special education needs of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed youth. The present study investigated cognitive, academic, and psychosocial variables associated with success in an alternative high school for such youth. Results indicated that psychosocial variables (Family Pathology, Duration of Disturbance, and Age of Admission) were associated with success, whereas cognitive and academic variables were not. These results are interpreted in light of their implications for assessment and placement decisions, management by mental health and school professionals, and curriculum modifications necessary for success.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of a modified dye pour-plate auxanographic method for the rapid identification of clinically significant yeasts. Comparison with two commercial systems.

A modified dye pour-plate auxanographic (DPPA) method for the presumptive identification of medically important yeasts was evaluated, in a comparative study with a conventional procedure, the API 20C clinical yeast system (Analytab Products Inc.), and the Uni-Yeast-Tek (UYT) system. The 174 coded clinical isolates were members of the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, and Trichosporon. The identification accuracies with DPPA, API, and UYT were 95%, 93%, and 99% respectively. DPPA and API required more time to inoculate but gave rapid identification profiles. UYT was simple to inoculate and both UYT and DPPA were easy to read. Cost analysis of the three rapid methods demonstrated DPPA to be the most economical making it a feasible alternative for small clinical laboratories as well as large laboratories possessing the facilities to make their own media.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1979

Presumptive identification of enterococci from other D streptococci by a rapid sodium chloride tolerance test.

Ability of enterococci to cause severe disease in humans and their relative resistance to chemotherapeutic agents necessitate their differentiation from other group D streptococci. We developed and evaluated a medium that differentiates enterococci from other group D streptococci within 4 to 24 hours. The 410 clinical isolates used in this study consisted of 328 strains of enterococci and 82 strains of other group D streptococci. The method showed 100 percent sensitivity and specificity with the conventional sodium chloride test. It is simple, reliable, and rapid.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Relationship of serum glucose concentration to changes in refraction.

The effect of chronic changes in serum glucose concentration on refraction was studied by increasing the dose of insulin or chlorpropamide in 10 diabetic patients who initially had relatively high glucose concentrations. In every case when serum glucose concentration was reduced the vision became less myopic or more hyperopic. To assess acute changes. 10 diabetics (including four with aphakic eyes) were given an intravenous injection of glucose. In patients with intact lenses the vision became more myopic or less hyperopic following the administration of glucose, but in the aphakic eyes hyperopia increased. It is concluded from both the acute and chronic studies that higher levels of serum glucose concentration produce myopia and lower levels produce hyperopia. Furthermore, these changes are related to changes in the optical properties of the crystallin lens.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-butorphanol, acepromazine-butorphanol, and xylazine-butorphanol in ferrets.

Ten ferrets were used in a crossover study to determine the sedative effects of intramuscularly (IM) administered diazepam (3 mg/kg body weight)-butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg body weight), acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg body weight)-butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg body weight), or xylazine (2.0 mg/kg body weight)-butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All ferrets became laterally recumbent following the administration of each drug combination. The xylazine-butorphanol combination caused a significantly longer (p less than 0.05) duration of analgesia than the diazepam-butorphanol and acepromazine-butorphanol combinations. None of the ferrets could be intubated with any of the drug combinations. The time from induction to recovery was significantly shorter in the acepromazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets. A significantly lower heart rate was observed in the xylazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets; however, an acceptable systolic blood pressure was maintained. Ventilatory function was more depressed in the diazepam-butorphanol- and xylazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets than in the acepromazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets. Xylazine-butorphanol was found to be the best combination for use in ferrets.

Acepromazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protective effect of glucose-insulin-potassium solutions in myocardial damage caused by emetine].

This study was carried out on 170 dogs. Cardiotoxic effects of doses of 15 mg/kg of emetine hydrochloride were studied in 20 dogs. 20 mg/kg of emetine hydrochloride were administered intravenously over 60 min. to the remaining 150 animals. These dogs were distributed in groups of 25. One group received emetine alone. Phleboclyses with saline serum, glucose-insulin-potassium, glocose-insulin, glucose-potassium and glucose serum alone, respectively, were administered to the other 5 groups during the emetine infusion and cardial contraction and several electrograms were recorded. Mean systolic blood pressure was measured continuously in the femoral artery. Observations covered a 4 hour period. During the infusion of emetine alone, ventricular myocardial contraction and systemic arterial pressure decreased abruptly. Intra-atrial, atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders, as weel as primary ventricular repolarization changes, were also observed. At the end of this infusion, the Q-T interval increased 25% and the heart rate decreased 26% of the control values. In the group also receiving glucose-insulin-potassium solution, the fall of the ventricular contraction amplitude was significantly less than in animals given emetine alone. Primary ventricular repolarization changes were less evident. The mortality rate reached only 4 per cent. In conclusion, the doses of emetine hydrochloride employed here have depressive cardiocirculatory effects. Glucose-insulin-potassium solution, administered simultaneously with emetine, seems to have a favorable metabolic effect against the emetine cardiotoxicity. This protective action of the G-I-K solution is superior to that obtained with each component, administered separately, and with saline serum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bronchial stenosis secondary to severe thoracic contusion. Comment on 2 cases].

Two cases with complete bronchial stenosis of the mainstem bronchus secondary to thoracic blunt trauma are presented. One patient had hemoneumothorax on the left side, the other one had bilateral hemothorax. Both were initially treated with drainage by thoracostomy tube with partial resolution of the thoracic bloody pleural collection. Later, the two patients developed complete atelectasis of the lung, one on the left side and the other one in the right; this later case was subject to lung decortication. The fiberopticbronchoscopy showed a complete occlusion of the mainstem bronchus in both patients. A bronchoplasty with sleeve resection of the stenotic segment was performed; the lumen of the bronchus was preserved by an end-to-end suture with separate stitchs of Vycryl 0000. Both cases remain without bronchopulmonary pathology after 4 years of follow-up of bronchoplasty. In cases of blunt thoracic trauma, it is important to consider the possibility of bronchial rupture. The importance of bronchoscopic diagnosis and surgical treatment is stressed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical features of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse].

This paper ask a question; is there a generalized defect of the connective tissue among subjects with primary mitral valve prolapse? Based on clinical methods it was found that paired subjects with and without primary mitral valve prolapse, are different in respect of an arbitrary score of joint hypermobility and phenotypic features. This is a statistically significant difference and suggest a possible molecular defect affecting connective tissue in people with primary mitral valve prolapse. Therefore, biochemical and molecular studies should be done to further characterize this abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of the exercise test in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia].

To evaluate the predictive value of ischemic ST segment depression without associated chest pain during exercise testing, data were analyzed from 7305 studies. Two hundred thirty six patients were included in this study and were separated in 2 groups. Group A consisted of 169 patients without chest pain who, during exercise testing, showed a positive ST segment response (at least 1.5 mm of horizontal or downward ST segment depression for at least 0.08 second, compared with the resting baseline value), and Group B consisted of 67 patients who had both chest pain and a positive ST segment response. Selective coronary angiogram was performed on all patients. Each Group was separated into 3 sub-group according to the Cohn criteria: sub-group I (asymptomatic persons 8.3 vs 19.4%); sub-group II (patients with history of Myocardial Infarction 36.7% vs 19.4%); sub-group III (patients with chronic angina 55% vs 61.2%). The clinical characteristics, coronary risk factors, distribution of coronary artery disease, and exercise test response were similar in both groups. During treadmill exercise, the mean heart rate was 140.6 +/- 22 in group A versus 127.1 +/- 23 in the group B. The pressure-rate product was 2.4 +/- 0.8 versus 1.9 +/- 0.5, respectively (P less than or equal to 0.05). The predictive value for severe coronary artery disease of an exercise test in patients with asymptomatic ischemia was 77.5% as compared with 89.6% in the group with angina. This study confirms the high frequency of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia during exercise testing, compared with patients who had angina during exercise testing, with high percentage of prediction (77.5%) for coronary artery disease.

Aged↗