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Biomedical subjects

A von Graevenitz

Publications and source records attributed to A von Graevenitz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pseudoepidemic of nontuberculous mycobacteria due to a contaminated bronchoscope cleaning machine. Report of an outbreak and review of the literature.

We describe a pseudoepidemic due to nontuberculous mycobacteria contaminating the water tank of a machine used to clean and disinfect fiberoptic endoscopes. Forty-six bronchoscopies performed on 41 patients during a six-month period yielded 16 specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). One specimen showed Mycobacterium avium complex from an AIDS patient and one, M tuberculosis from a patient with active cavitary tuberculosis. In four patients, only the smears showed AFB; subsequent cultures remained negative. Of the rest, seven contained M chelonae and three M gordonae, all in patients with no clinical signs of mycobacterial disease. Two of the three M gordonae isolates represented laboratory contamination from an antimicrobial solution in a culture medium. Four patients in the beginning of the pseudoepidemic were treated for presumed tuberculosis until negative culture results were available. Control of the "outbreak" was achieved by regular disinfection of the implicated water tank in the cleaning machine. Contamination of bronchoscopes with nontuberculous mycobacteria can lead to unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1990

Persistent colonization of carbon dioxide incubators with Candida parapsilosis.

Recurrent contamination of bacteriological specimens with Candida parapsilosis led to epidemiological investigations which indicated persistent colonization of carbon dioxide incubators as the most likely source. Changes in the technical arrangements and institution of a meticulous cleansing protocol eliminated contamination of specimens but not colonization of the incubators. Tests for tolerance of 17% NaCl and survival at 50 degrees C, and SDS-PAGE analysis of crude cell extracts allowed discrimination between epidemic and non-epidemic isolates, while enzyme profile analysis and susceptibility studies failed as typing methods.

Candida↗
PubMed1989

Automated analysis of 35-S-methionine labeled proteins by SDS-PAGE as a typing method in a suspected cluster of Serratia marcescens.

During a nine-month period in 1986, we observed five ornithine decarboxylase-negative isolates of Serratia marcescens from four different patients. All isolates were identical in more than 50 biochemical parameters. Four isolates from three hospitalized patients were essentially identical in their susceptibility patterns to 12 antimicrobial agents. Analysis of 35-S-methionine labeled whole cell proteins by SDS-PAGE with the AMBIS system (Automated Microbiology System Inc., San Diego, CA) suggested that only three of these isolates were identical while the fourth hospital strain was more closely related to the isolate of a patient with no contact to the hospital. These results were confirmed by bacteriocin- and serotyping. We conclude that analysis of these protein patterns--which does not require special reagents - was an adequate method for typing S. marcescens.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of cefteram against predominantly enteropathogenic and glucose nonfermentative gram-negatives.

Cefteram (T-2525), the free acid of the orally active cephalosporin ester cefteram pivoxil, was tested in vitro against 355 gram-negative clinical isolates of enteropathogenic and nonfermentative species. The compound was several times more active (w/w) against isolates belonging to the enteropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae than against those belonging to the nonfermentative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Cefmenoxime↗
PubMed1988

Branhamella catarrhalis: fatty acid and lipopolysaccharide analysis of an atypical strain from blood culture.

A Branhamella catarrhalis-like organism was isolated from blood cultures; it was atypical in showing negative nitrate and nitrite and positive gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase reactions, in agglutinating with Neisseria meningitidis antisera, and in forming butyrous colonies. Cell-wall fatty-acid and lipopolysaccharide analysis provided evidence that this isolate was an atypical B. catarrhalis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus as an agent of CAPD peritonitis.

We report a case of bacterial CAPD peritonitis in a 57 year old immunosuppressed woman with renal insufficiency caused by a rare species of the Micrococcaceae, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus. This uncommon case shows that the presence of gram-positive cocci in pairs, tetrads and clusters forming whitish-gummy colonies should remind us of the possibility of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

In vitro activity of carumonam (Ro 17-2301; AMA-1080) versus enteropathogenic and nonfermentative gram-negative rods and Legionella pneumophila.

The in vitro activity of carumonam (Ro 17-2301; AMA-1080) was tested against 355 single-patient isolates, by and large enteropathogenic or nonfermentative rods. The new monobactam was inhibitory and bactericidal against the majority of diarrhea-causing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations of less than and equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Although known to be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it generally did not exhibit clinically useful activity against other nonfermenters or against Legionella pneumophila, thus confirming its narrow spectrum of activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

RAPIDEC UR, a 2-h miniaturized system for pinpointing uropathogens.

A miniaturized 2-h system (RAPIDEC UR; API System, la Balme-les-Grottes, Montalieu-Vercieu, France) that uses nine enzymatic tests for the diagnosis of most uropathogens was challenged with 330 strains. With few exceptions (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Providencia spp., Morganella morganii, and staphylococci other than Staphylococcus saprophyticus), there were distinct patterns that allowed at least a preliminary species diagnosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Gram stain and culture of morning and 24 h sputum in the diagnosis of bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a dogma disputed.

Bacteriological results from microscopic and cultural examinations of morning and 24 h sputum were compared in an attempt to optimize the diagnosis of bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Twelve patients collected sputum randomly on two consecutive days, either fresh morning sputum (3 h sputum) first, followed by 24 h sputum or vice-versa. Sputa were washed three times in 0.9% NaCl and then examined microscopically before and after homogenization with 2% pancreatin. Cultural examinations were performed on homogenized sputum. Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci and neisseriae were identified more often in Gram stains than in cultures; staphylococci and Gram-negative rods less frequently so. About 50% of organisms microscopically identified as pneumococci failed to grow in cultures. Microscopic examinations revealed a marked reduction of cells and bacteria after homogenization with pancreatin. Gram stains of 24 h sputum show comparable results to those of morning sputum. No differences were found in cultures. Microscopic examination of the Gram stains was found to be superior to cultural examination. The value of microscopic examination was impaired by the addition of pancreatin.

Bacterial Infections↗