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Biomedical subjects

B Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Andersen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Neutrophil adhesive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus; the role of cellular and plasma factors.

We examined neutrophil adherence to bovine aortic endothelial cells in 26 patients with diabetes compared with age- and sex-matched controls. The adherence of chromium 51-labeled neutrophils from patients with diabetes in the basal state and after incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) but not N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was decreased significantly. A subset of 16 of 26 patients demonstrated highly significant decreases in basal adhesion. No significant correlation was found between defective adherence and metabolic control as assessed by plasma glucose level (range 44 to 508 mg/dl) and hemoglobin A1 level (range 7.7% to 17.1%) at the time of study. Plasma from patients with diabetes increased adherence of both diabetic and control neutrophils in the basal state. The adherence-augmenting factor in diabetic plasma was found to be nonfilterable and partially heat labile and to manifest the characteristics of a protein. The adhesive effects of diabetic plasma were mediated through alterations in endothelium rather than neutrophils. Diabetic neutrophil aggregation induced by PMA, FMLP, and calcium ionophore was normal in all patients examined, regardless of the aggregating agent used. Fibronectin release in the basal state and after stimulation with FMLP was found to be comparable in diabetic and control neutrophils. These studies demonstrated intrinsic adhesive dysfunction of diabetic neutrophils and a factor or factors in diabetic plasma that enhanced adherence to endothelium. These cellular and humoral factors may act together to prevent tissue emigration of neutrophils and may contribute to the pathogenesis and susceptibility of infection in diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pattern of progression in liver injury following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.

Liver biopsies from 34 patients with morbid obesity, performed before and 5-9 months after jejunoileal bypass, were studied. The patients were divided into four groups according to preoperative findings: A: no or slight steatosis (15 patients), B: moderate-severe steatosis (6), C: steatohepatitis (steatosis + lobular lymphocytic inflammation) (8), D: steatofibrosis (steatosis + pericellular fibrosis) (5). In Group A, 12 patients showed postoperative progression to either moderate/severe steatosis, steatohepatitis, or steatofibrosis. In Group B, all patients progressed to steatohepatitis or steatofibrosis, and one developed septate fibrosis. All patients in Group C progressed to steatofibrosis, and 5 developed septate fibrosis or cirrhosis. In Group D, 3 developed bridging fibrosis. Mallory bodies appeared postoperatively in 11 patients (32%), all of whom preoperatively had either severe steatosis, steatohepatitis, or steatofibrosis. Only patients with postoperative pericellular fibrosis and Mallory bodies developed deranged architecture: 6 septate/bridging fibrosis, and 3 cirrhosis. Five patients, all with deranged architecture, developed reversible liver insufficiency. Progressive liver injury after jejunoileal bypass appears to reflect aggravation of a pre-existing liver lesion. The sequence of events: increasing steatosis, lobular lymphocytic inflammation, pericellular fibrosis, Mallory bodies, and deranged architecture is similar to that of the alcoholic liver lesion, indicating common pathogenetic mechanisms.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Fasting and meal-stimulated plasma levels of neurotensin in obese patients after jejunoileal bypass with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio.

The functional role of the jejunum and ileum with regard to peripheral plasma levels of intact neurotensin and NH2-terminal immunoreactivity of neurotensin was studied by using jejunoileal bypass as a model. Plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after jejunoileal bypass randomized to different jejunoileal ratios. Seven patients were studied before bypass surgery and 28 were examined after end-to-side jejunoileal bypass with 50 cm intestine in continuity and a 3:1 or 1:3 ratio between the length of the jejunal and ileal segments. Fasting levels of intact neurotensin were unchanged by surgery, whereas levels of NH2-terminal immunoreactivity were higher in bypass patients with a long ileal segment (37.5 cm) than in unoperated patients and in those with a short ileal segment (12.5 cm). Meal-stimulated levels of intact neurotensin were higher after 1:3 than 3:1 jejunoileal bypass. The levels of NH2-terminal immunoreactivity in patients with a short ileal segment and in controls were lower than in patients with a long ileal segment. The results show that postprandial levels of both intact neurotensin and NH2-terminal immunoreactivity are related to the length of the functioning ileum and that even a difference in length of 25 cm is reflected in the circulating levels of neurotensin.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A randomized trial of fistulotomy in perianal abscess.

In a randomized trial we compared the treatment of perianal abscess by incision only (18 patients) with that by incision followed by fistulotomy 3 days later (20 patients). All patients were observed for 12 months. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to recurrent abscess/fistula, but the fistulotomy group had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of flatus incontinence. Further, fistulotomy was followed by significantly longer duration of hospitalization and by delayed healing. We recommend that fistulotomy is used only in patients with recurrent abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Ordinal scale and statistics in medical research.

A survey of the 1982 editions of 12 medical journals showed that in at least 70% of 175 papers employing ordinal measurement scales, statistical methods were used, which do, in fact, assume a more refined measurement scale. Non-parametric methods suited for analysis of ordinal data are listed.

Research↗
PubMed1985

Meal stimulated levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were measured after a meal consisting of 11 ml meat extract and 40 ml of 20% soya oil in 11 patients before and 3 months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Gastroplasty results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma allowing delayed emptying into the distal pouch, and consequently postprandial distension of the proximal pouch. Postprandial plasma PP increased significantly (P less than 0.01) independent of gastroplasty. PP is therefore not involved in the early satiety after gastroplasty. Postprandial plasma VIP increased significantly from fasting levels both before and after gastroplasty (P less than 0.05). Only 10 min after a meal, the median value of VIP was significantly higher after than before gastroplasty (P less than 0.02) and may be caused by distension of the proximal pouch.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hydrochlorothiazide and potassium chloride in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the treatment of mild hypertension.

A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride (HCTZ/A) with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride (HCTZ/K) was conducted in 18 patients with mild essential hypertension (diastolic pressure 90-105 mmHg). The sequence of treatment was: placebo for 2 weeks, one active drug for 3 weeks, placebo for 2 weeks, the other active drug for 3 weeks. The two agents were significantly and equally efficacious in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Baseline vs. treatment mean serum potassium levels were 3.82 vs. 3.78 mmol/l for HCTZ/A and 3.82 vs. 3.70 mmol/l for HCTZ/K. The decrease in serum potassium level from baseline was significant for both agents but not significantly different when the two treatment forms were compared. Both treatment forms elevated fasting serum cholesterol and glucose. Serum triglycerides and uric acid rose significantly with HCTZ/K. Amiloride may affect the tubular handling of uric acid causing increased uric acid excretion, thus counteracting thiazide-induced hyperuricemia. During 3 weeks' extension of the main study, 5 patients received HCTZ/A in double the original dose (100 mg/10 mg) and 6 patients received HCTZ/K in double the original dose (100 mg/52 mmol). No further blood pressure reduction was observed on treatment with these doses. The mean serum potassium levels did not decrease further on doubling the HCTZ/A dose, while a significant fall was observed for HCTZ/K (3.60 vs. 3.42 mmol/l) (p less than 0.05, single tailed t-test). Both drug combinations were well tolerated and side-effects were not significantly different from those during placebo administration. This study demonstrates that 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride are as effective as 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride, both in reducing blood pressure and preventing hypokalaemia in the treatment of essential hypertension. A small extension study indicates that amiloride might be more effective than potassium chloride in preventing hypokalaemia when high doses (100 mg/day) of hydrochlorothiazide are administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Absorption of oral penicillin before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Gastroplasty for morbid obesity results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma to the distal stomach. Absorption of phenoxymethylpenicillin given in tablets and liquid form was evaluated in 8 females before and 3 months after gastroplasty. Penicillin absorption was not affected to any significant extent. Oral penicillin can therefore safely be given for the treatment of infections in patients after gastroplasty.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Food intake before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Preoperatively, the energy intake was high, the protein intake was sufficient, whereas the relative contribution of fat was greater than and of carbohydrate less than the recommended values. After gastroplasty a dramatic fall occurred in the intake of energy and all nutrients, and a relative reduction in the contribution of fat at 3 months and of carbohydrate at 12 months was observed. Preoperatively, the intake of vitamins D, B6, folacin, biotin, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and fluoride was deficient. Twelve months after operation the intake of these components and of vitamin E and iodine was less than half of the values recommended.

Adult↗