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Biomedical subjects

B Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Andersen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The influence of jejunoileal ratio on plasma electrolytes and liver function in intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. A randomized trial.

In a randomized clinical trial 89 obese patients had end-to-side jejunoileostomy with either a 1:3 or a 3:1 ratio between jejunum and ileum left in continuity. The duration of postoperative observation was at least 36 months. Repeated assessments were made on plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, and clotting factors. The major findings were that bypass surgery (i) has no important influence on levels of sodium, bicarbonate, and calcium, (ii) induces potassium depletion and transient liver dysfunction of a degree that is independent of the jejunoileal ratio, and (iii) induces a greater magnesium depletion when a long jejunum and short ileum segment are left in continuity.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Ranitidine and high-dose antacid in reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The liquid antacid Novaluzid (10 ml seven times daily) was compared with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and with placebo in 57 patients with symptoms and endoscopic signs of oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux. A randomized three-period change-over design with the double-dummy technique was used. Each treatment period lasted 6 weeks. Only 37 patients (64.9%) completed the entire trial. In retrospect, five patients receiving placebo were withdrawn because of insufficient effect, six patients because of side effects while taking Novaluzid and two while taking ranitidine. The remaining seven dropouts/withdrawals were for reasons without evident relationship to the treatment given. Statistical analyses based both on the 37 completers and on the 43 patients who had at least two treatment periods showed that ranitidine and Novaluzid were superior to placebo with regard to pain score (p less than 0.005) but not with regard to regurgitation, dysphagia, histology, and appearance on endoscopy (p greater than 0.05). It was impossible to distinguish statistically between ranitidine and Novaluzid. In conclusion, ranitidine and high-dose antacids are of equal effectiveness in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis, and both are superior to placebo with regard to symptomatic relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gastric emptying of liquid before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Gastric emptying of a liquid meal was investigated with a radionuclide method before and 1 week and 3 and 12 months after gastroplasty operation for morbid obesity. Gastroplasty results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma to the remaining stomach. The total gastric emptying was delayed 3 months after gastroplasty (p less than 0.01). Twelve months after gastroplasty, emptying of the proximal pouch was faster than at 3 months (p less than 0.01). This may indicate dilatation of the stoma between the two gastric pouches during this period. Surprisingly, the total gastric emptying 12 months after gastroplasty was not only faster than at 3 months but also faster than before surgery. The explanation, therefore, cannot only be attributed to a dilated stoma, and hormonal mechanisms may be involved. A lack of correlation between preoperative weight and emptying was observed, but because the material consists of only obese subjects, no conclusion can be drawn about the postulated role of gastric emptying in developing obesity. Emptying of the total stomach and of the proximal pouch failed to correlate with postoperative weight losses. The weight loss after gastroplasty evidently bears little, if any, relation to the postoperative changes in gastric emptying of liquids.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Complications following postoperative combined radiation and chemotherapy in adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. A randomized trial that failed.

A randomized multicenter trial was started to evaluate the effect of irradiation combined with 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate on survival after surgery for rectal and rectosigmoidal carcinoma, Dukes' stages B and C. The trial was terminated prematurely after entrance of 34 patients due to frequent and serious complications. Three patients died as a direct consequence of the adjuvant treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Alteration in zonation of succinate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in regenerating rat liver.

Parenchymal activities (mumol . min-1 . g liver-1) and distributions of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase were studied in regenerating rat liver after two thirds partial hepatectomy. Succinate dehydrogenase activity remained constant with a slight and transient increase for a few hours after operation. The typical periportal localization was changed to an almost even distribution from 8 h to 7 days; it was fully restored after 14 days. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was increased by 1.8 fold 24 h after surgery; it remained enhanced until about 72 h. The normal periportal to perivenous enzyme gradient was diminished or replaced by a homogeneous distribution between 8 h and 7 days; the zonal heterogeneity was regained after 14 days. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity remained constant after partial hepatectomy. The normal periportal maximum was lost between 4 h and 36 h; the activity became more equally distributed and was even shifted towards the perivenous zone. After 48 h the zonal distribution was reestablished. The results indicate that after partial hepatectomy the gluconeogenic capacity of the liver remnant is increased and that this increase is accompanied by a loss of the normal heterogeneity which is typical for the glucostat function of the organ. They reveal in addition that the three enzymes, representing three different subcellular compartments, change their zonal heterogeneity individually rather than synchronously.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Systematic within-person variation in the bioavailability of various drugs in healthy volunteers.

The relative bioavailability of 22 registered pharmaceutical specialities compared to one or more generic equivalents was investigated in 50 human volunteers using randomized cross-over trials. The data were reassessed with regard to individual behaviour in different experiments and with different drugs. The pharmacokinetic behaviour (Cmax, Tmax, and AUCo-t) of the volunteers exhibited consistent patterns, which were not attributable to chance. It is concluded that the cross-over design is necessary in conducting relative bioavailability studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma levels of neurotensin in gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Fasting and postprandial plasma levels of the tridecapeptide neurotensin were determined in ten women before and three months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Measurements were by radioimmunoassay in unextracted plasma with two antisera recognizing intact neurotensin (NT1-13) or intact neurotensin together with small C-terminal fragments, which may circulate as metabolites of neurotensin. Levels of both intact neurotensin and C-terminal immunoreactivity in obese women were in the same order of magnitude as those found previously in lean persons. Fasting levels measured with both antisera were significantly reduced following gastroplasty (P less than 0.01). Meal-stimulated levels and increments were unchanged. The cause of this prolonged reduction is at present unknown, but may be a reduced luminal stimulation of the small intestine or an altered vagal tonus following gastroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma secretin before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Fasting and postprandial plasma secretin levels were measured in 11 patients before and 3 months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Ingestion of a meal significantly increased plasma secretin both before and after gastroplasty (P less than 0.05). After gastroplasty there was an additional but insignificant increase in postprandial plasma secretin. Secretin has evidently no major role in the development of early satiety after gastroplasty and the lack of significantly changed secretin levels after operation indicates an unchanged intraduodenal pH.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum gastrin and blood glucose levels in gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Fasting and meal-stimulated serum gastrin and glucose levels were measured in 11 patients before and 3 months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Overall blood glucose levels were significantly reduced after surgery (P less than 0.05), whereas the response to a meal was not influenced to any significant degree (P greater than 0.10). The fasting serum gastrin level was not significantly influenced by gastroplasty (P greater than 0.10). Postprandial serum gastrin increased significantly independent of gastroplasty (P less than 0.001). The presence of a marginally significant (0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05) interaction between postprandial gastrin levels and operation raises the possibility that gastroplasty additionally increases the postprandial serum gastrin level.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Heparin with and without dihydroergotamine in prevention of thromboembolic complications of major abdominal surgery. A randomized trial.

We compared the results of dihydroergotamine mesylate administered with low-dose heparin sodium with those of low-dose heparin given alone in a randomized trial based on 181 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. We found no significant difference in the incidence of thromboembolism between the two groups but a higher incidence of abnormal fibrinogen uptake test results in patients given heparin alone. There was no difference in hemoglobin levels and the number of blood transfusions. We concluded that there is little, if any, clinical advantage in adding dihydroergotamine to low-dose heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications in patients who have undergone major abdominal surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Intestinal adaptation after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a possible explanation for inadequate weight loss.

Thirty-two patients required further abdominal operations 6-77 months after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Twenty operations were needed because of inadequate weight loss, while the remaining 12 patients had lost sufficient weight but had developed complications. In all 32 patients the lengths of functioning jejunum and ileum were measured and compared with those recorded during the original operation; elongation had occurred in 29. There was a striking difference between the median increase in jejunoileal length of 44 per cent when weight loss was inadequate and 7 per cent when weight loss was adequate (P less than 0.01). Similarly, intestinal circumference and mural thickness were greater in the first group. There appears to be a relationship between intestinal adaptation and the extent of weight loss after jejunoileal bypass.

Adaptation, Physiological↗