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Biomedical subjects

B Arnesjö

Publications and source records attributed to B Arnesjö.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Ultrasonically and fluoroscopically guided therapeutic percutaneous catheter drainage of the gallbladder.

Percutaneous gallbladder drainage was performed in 16 poor surgical risk patients; 13 had acute cholecystitis, 1 had cholangitis and septicemia, 1 had undergone removal of a gallbladder calculus, and 1 had pancreatic carcinoma with bile duct occlusion. Catheterization and drainage of the gallbladder succeeded primarily in all patients. Catheter dislodgement occurred within 24 h in 1 patient without any side effects. One 87-year-old patient died 14 h after the insertion of the catheter from reasons unrelated to the drainage procedure. Percutaneous removal of gallbladder calculi failed in 3 patients, 2 of whom had been successfully treated for cholecystitis by catheter drainage. Percutaneous gallbladder drainage is a fast, low-risk, inexpensive procedure well suited for the treatment of acute, poor surgical risk patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of gallstones in a Norwegian population.

A population sample of 2464 persons between 20 and 70 years of age was invited to participate in a screening study designed for establishing gallstone prevalence rates. The diagnosis of gallstones was based on an ultrasonographic examination. The overall response rate after the primary invitation was 55.6%. Gallbladder stones were diagnosed in 300 persons, giving a crude prevalence of 21.9%. Total age-adjusted prevalence rates were 17.7% in men and 21.2% in women. From age group 20-29 years to age group 60-69 years the prevalence rates increased from 4.9% to 37.0% in men and from 6.0% to 41.3% in women. The age- and sex-specific rates are comparable to those of more recent studies from Scandinavia but are markedly higher than prevalence rates in a Norwegian study from 1960.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A randomized trial comparing cadexomer iodine and standard treatment in the out-patient management of chronic venous ulcers.

Ninety-three patients with treatment-resistant venous ulcers were included in a multicentre randomized trial to compare cadexomer iodine and the standard treatment used in each centre combined with compression bandages, in healing venous ulcers. The mean duration of ulcers before the trial was more than 2 years. With standard treatment the mean ulcer size increased slightly during the 6-week trial whereas with cadexomer iodine the ulcer size was significantly reduced. Cadexomer iodine was more effective than standard treatment for reduction of pain, removal of pus and debris, removal of exudate, stimulation of granulation and reduction of surrounding erythema. Bacterial infection of ulcers increased or did not change during treatment with the standard therapy whereas cadexomer iodine significantly reduced infection with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogenic organisms. A correlation was seen between the time taken to reduce or eliminate infection with Staphylococcus aureus and rate of ulcer healing. Four patients complained of transient pain in the ulcer after application of the cadexomer iodine. It is concluded that cadexomer iodine increased the rate of healing of infected chronic venous ulcers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis and tactics in abdominal injuries.

Abdominal trauma has a high priority in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with multiple injuries. Both blunt and penetrating injuries may be isolated or multiple and they are often combined with extraabdominal trauma. A close cooperation between surgical and other specialties is often needed. Transport from a smaller hospital to a center with full diagnostic and therapeutic facilities may be advantageous.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1977

Total pancreatectomy for cancer. An appraisal of 65 cases.

Sixty-five patients operated with total pancreatectomy were reviewed with respect to factors influencing operative mortality and morbidity, long-term survival, and metabolic sequelae. The diagnoses were pancreatic cancer in 58 patients, periampullary cancer in three, cancer of the bile duct in two and leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas in one patient, respectively. In nine of the 58 cases with cancer of the caput, the histological examination revealed multicentricity of the tumor. In 44%, there were signs of degeneration and fibrosis in the distal part of the gland. Hospital mortality was 23% for the entire series. After 1970 the hospital mortality was 17%, and among patients operated by senior surgeons especially trained in pancreatic surgery, the hospital mortality was 12% during the whole period. The peroperative bilirubin levels seemed to influence survival time. Among 24 patients operated before 1975 in whom the operating surgeon judged the operation as radical, a five year survival of 21% was recorded. In patients without detectable lymph node metastases, the mean survival time was 25 months. The postoperative exocrine insufficiency and diabetes were possible to control. A blood sugar level above 10 micromol/l was found to significantly decrease the frequency of hypoglycemic attacks. Total pancreatectomy appears to be the surgical procedure preferred when radical treatment is selected.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of high density lipoproteins in human cholestasis.

High density lipoproteins (HDL) of plasma from patients with long-standing cholestasis were studied by several methods including crossed immunoelectrophoresis, gel filtration, and zonal ultracentrifugation. The crossed immunoelectrophoretic pattern against anti-HDL was characterized by the presence of several immunoprecipitates, in striking contrast to the pattern formed by normal HDL. One of these precipitates corresponded to a lipoprotein species dominated by apoprotein A-II (apo A-II). Zonal ultracentrifugation of cholestatic plasma showed a decrease of HDL and a disappearance of the normal delineation of HDL2 and HDL3. In addition a new component designated HDL1-C was observed. Consistent results were found at studies of the molecular size distribution of cholestatic HDL by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The lipid and apoprotein composition of isolated cholestatic HDL fractions differed considerably from normal. Most notable were the high proportions of phospholipids and free cholesterol and the occurrence of the apoprotein E (arginine-rich protein) in remarkably high amounts especially in the abnormal HDL1-C.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intestinal activities of trypsin, lipase, and phospholipase after a test meal. An evaluation of 474 examinations.

After indirect stimulation of the pancreas by means of a test meal the intestinal activities of trypsin were determined in 452 subjects, lipase in 117, and phospholipase in 57. Trypsin levels were subnormal in 88%, lipase levels in 80%, and phospholipase levels in 81% of patients with chronic pancreatic disease. The outcome of repeated tests (trypsin) was completely consistent in 20 out of 22 patients. Calculations of ratios between the enzymes studied suggested that lipase was the enzyme most susceptible to pancreatic damage. Also in cases of celiac disease and after Polya gastric resection, the decrease of the intestinal lipase concentrations was more marked than that of the other enzymes. In 9% of the cases of chronic pancreatic insufficiency the diagnosis would have been overlooked if either lipase or trypsin had been determined as the sole enzyme. In clinical practice it is recommended to estimate at least two enzymes, because abnormal ratios may be of diagnostic value and because the two different groups of enzymes provide a mutual check on the secretory capacity of pancreatic enzymes. On the whole, the test was found to be reliable, simple, physiological, and inexpensive in terms of resources, and it is highly recommended as a routine test of the pancreatic function.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Endoscopic pancreatography in evaluating results of pancreatico-jejunostomy.

It has been difficult, employing clinical methods, to establish whether pancreatico-enteric drainage shunts for chronic pancreatitis have remained patent and how the operation has affected the inflammatory changes and ductal pathological morphology. In an attempt objectively to evaluate postoperative results, 13 patients with two different types of pancreatico-jejunostomies were examined with endoscopic pancreatography. Progress of the inflammatory changes was noted to a varying degree in the majority of cases. In four patients subjected to longitudinal split of the pancreatic duct, shunt patency was evidenced. In the remaining nine patients with caudal pancreatico-jejunostomy, no contrast medium could be made to pass the shunts in six cases, whereas passage was clearly demonstrated in one and uncertain in two. All the patients reported clinical improvement after operation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Percutaneous biopsy of carcinoma of the pancreas guided by angiography.

Histologic verification of the angiographic diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas may be achieved by percutaneous, transperitoneal fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The method was used in conjunction with the angiographic procedure in 29 patients with tumors of varying size down to 3 centimeters in diameter. Positive diagnosis was obtained in 22. Complications were not encountered. Since the method is simple and harmless it is recommended whenever histologic verification is desired.

Angiography↗
PubMed1976

Oral trypsin-inhibitor-induced improvement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions in alloxan diabetic rats.

Studies are presented dealing with the effect on the exocrine and endocrine pancreas of long-term oral trypsin inhibitor administration to alloxan diabetic rats. Three categories of rats were used: a) normal rats, b) alloxan diabetic rats, and c) alloxan diabetic rats treated with the trypsin inhibitor. 1. The concentration of amylase in both pancreas and intestinal contents were markedly decreased in alloxan diabetic rats as compared with normal rats, whereas the concentrations of lipase and trypsin(ogen) were practically unaffected by the diabetic state. 2. Trypsin inhibitor treatment of diabetic rats enhanced the concentrations of both amylase, trypsin(ogen), and lipase in pancreas and intestinal contents when compared with untreated diabetic controls. 3. Alloxan diabetic rats treated with trypsin inhibitor displayed an increased weight gain, increased pancreatic weight, and increased pancreatic protein concentration as compared with the untreated diabetic controls. 4. Alloxan diabetic rats treated for 3 or 5 weeks with the trypsin inhibitor were found to have decreased basal blood glucose levels and an increased plasma insulin: blood glucose ratio as compared to the untreated diabetic controls. 5. There was no apparent difference in the glucose elimination rate after I.V. glucose loads in diabetic rats given trypsin inhibitor and their diabetic controls. However, the insulin secretory response to the glucose stimulus was slightly improved in the trypsin inhibitor group. 6. Alloxan diabetic rats treated with trypsin inhibitor had an increased total pancreatic insulin content compared with their diabetic controls. It is concluded that long-term daily treatment with oral trypsin inhibitor in alloxan diabetic rats increased enzyme production and secretion in the exocrine pancreas, and produced an improvement of the diabetic condition of the animals. This improvement might partly be due to an increased pancreatic content and secretion of insulin.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Carbohydrate metabolism in normal and diabetic rats following long-term oral trypsin inhibitor administration.

The effect of long-term oral trypsin inhibitor administration on blood glucose, plasma insulin, liver, and muscle glycogen and glucose utilization in vitro by peripheral tissues in normal and diabetic rats was studied. In normal rats the glycogen levels in liver and muscle were increased after 3 weeks of treatment. Glucose oxidation (14CO2-production) was augmented in muscle after 3 and 8 weeks and in liver after 3 weeks. An increased 14C-incorporation into glycogen from 14C-glucose and increased glycogen concentration after incubation were found in muscle after 3 weeks. In diabetic rats the basal blood glucose was decreased after 3 and 5 weeks of treatment, and the basal plasma insulin:blood glucose ratio increased after 5 weeks. The glycogen levels were increased after 3 and 5 weeks in liver. No effect on glucose oxidation (14CO2-production) in muscle was found. The 14C-incorporation into glycogen and the total glycogen content, however, was increased in muscle after both 3 and 5 weeks. Incubation of muscle tissue with serum from normal or diabetic rats treated with oral trypsin inhibitor for 3 and 5 weeks respectively had no apparent acute effects on the glucose metabolism. It is suggested that the observed action of oral trypsin inhibitors on glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues is mediated by one or more unknown gastrointestinal factor(s).

Administration, Oral↗