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B Baljet

Publications and source records attributed to B Baljet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Innervation of the lacrimal gland in the cynomolgous monkey: a retrograde tracing study.

Retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was used to study the localisation of neurons that innervate the lacrimal gland of the cynomolgous monkey. WGA-HRP-labelled neurons were localised in the ipsilateral trigeminal, superior cervical and ciliary ganglia and in the ipsilateral and contralateral pterygopalatine ganglia. In the trigeminal ganglion WGA-HRP-labelled somata were found in the ophthalmic part (18%) and the maxillary part (5%). Identification of labelled neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia indicates a dual parasympathetic innvervation of the lacrimal gland. There is no known pathway to account for the contralateral location or pterygopalatine neurons. These novel findings are incorporated in a concept of a neural control mechanism for the lacrimal gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Innervation of the palpebral conjunctiva and the superior tarsal muscle in the cynomolgous monkey: a retrograde fluorescent tracing study.

Retrograde fluorescent transport of Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow (DY) was used to study the localisation of neurons that innervate the palpebral conjunctiva and the superior tarsal muscle in the cynomolgous monkey. Labelled cell bodies of sensory neurons including a few double labelled cell bodies were found in the ophthalmic part of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. Labelled cell bodies of the sympathetic neurons including a few double labelled cell bodies were located in the middle and cranial part of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, with a few in the contralateral ganglion. Labelled cell bodies of the parasympathetic neurons were all found in the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion and randomly distributed. Neurons were disposed in the opthalmic part of the trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia, whereas parasympathetic neurons were distributed randomly. Cells of the nodose, ciliary, geniculate, otic and first 3 spinal ganglia were unlabelled. Tracing FB and DY from the palpebral conjunctiva and superior tarsal muscle respectively, revealed double labelled neurons in the trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia, probably indicating the presence of collaterals of axons serving both the palpebral conjunctiva and the superior tarsal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The painting 'The anatomical lesson by Professor Louis Bolk' by Martin Monnickendam].

In 1992 the painting 'The anatomy of professor Louis Bolk' by the Dutch painter Martin Monnickendam (1874-1943), was finally returned to its place in the 'Tulp-room' of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at the University of Amsterdam, after the department had been moved to new premises in 1985. The professor of anatomy at the University of Amsterdam, Louis Bolk, is seated in the middle surrounded by his, at that time, former pupils, from left to right: Boeke, Barge and van den Broek, authors of a Dutch textbook of anatomy. The four professors are gathered around a cadaver of an orang-utan, placed not on a dissection table but on a console. Bolk is facing the observer and holding a scalpel in one hand while steadying the animal's head with the other; he is ready to make an incision. In the back of the painting a bust of the 18th century anatomist Petrus Camper is visible. The four professors all wear a white coat over their suits. Bolk finishes this off with an artistic bow tie whilst the others use an ordinary necktie. The painting is signed in the left upper corner 'Martin Monnickendam 1925'.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1993

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P immunoreactivity in the monkey trigeminal ganglion, an electron microscopic study.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) immunoreactivity was examined in neurons of the monkey trigeminal ganglion. Moreover, CGRP- and SP-positive varicose nerve fibers were found, occasionally forming pericellular arborizations around trigeminal somata, which, at light microscopic level, suggested the existence of synaptic contacts. Electron microscopic investigation however, revealed that although these varicose fibers ran in close range of somata and were containing accumulations of CGRP- and SP-positive vesicles, classical synaptic contacts were not present.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Innervation of the superior tarsal (Müller's) muscle in the cynomolgus monkey: a retrograde tracing study.

PURPOSE: The retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA/HRP) was used to study the localization of the neurons that innervate the superior tarsal muscle in the cynomolgus monkey. METHODS: A 5-10% WGA-HRP solution was applied to the medial part of the superior tarsal muscle. Seventy-two hours later, the animals were killed and perfused with fixative. RESULTS: The WGA-HRP-labeled neurons were localized in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion, the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion, and the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. The labeled somata of the sensory neurons were all found in the ophthalmic ganglionic part and the ophthalmic nerve part of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. Most of the labeled somata were distributed somatotopically in the dorsal region of the ophthalmic part of the ganglion. The labeled somata of the sympathetic neurons were all located in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. Most of these labeled somata, which were distributed somatotopically, were found in the cranial part of the ganglion. The labeled somata of the parasympathetic neurons were all located in the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion, particularly in the central ovoid part of the ganglion. No labeled neurons were detected in the ipsilateral parasympathetic ciliary ganglion, the ipsilateral nodose ganglion, or the first three ipsilateral sensory spinal ganglia; labeled somata could not be detected in any of the contralateral ganglia examined. CONCLUSIONS: A complete documentation of all projections of the superior tarsal muscle in the monkey has been presented, and convincing data has been given about the parasympathetic innervation of Müller's muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pigment-containing cells in extraocular tissues of the primate.

In the present study pigment-containing (PC) cells, localized in extraocular tissues of man and the cynomolgus monkey, were investigated to establish their localization, nature and relationships with the autonomic nervous system. In the orbit of man as well as the cynomolgus monkey three localizations of PC cells were detected: (1) Tenon's capsule along the ciliary arteries at the level of the entrance of the arteries into the eyeball, (2) Tenon's capsule along the ciliary nerves at the level of the entrance into the eyeball, and (3) the sclera around the ciliary arteries and nerves. Moreover in the orbit of the cynomolgus monkey PC cells were found along and around the accessory lateral rectus muscle. Histological, histochemical and electron microscopical studies led to the conclusions that PC cells are similar in nature to melanocytes and do not have neuronal properties. In contrast to the melanocytes in the anterior segment of the eye in both man and monkey, melanocytes in the extraocular tissues are not innervated either adrenergically or cholinergically.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[History of classification systems of conjoined twins by specific consideration of the classification systems of Louis Bolk (1866-1930)].

Classification systems concerning conjoined twins have been developed in the nineteenth century by many authors, a.o. J. F. Meckel (1816), I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1832), E. F. Gurlt (1831), Fr. Ahlfeld (1880), C. Taruffi (1881), and in the beginning of the twentieth century, a.o. J. W. Ballantyne (1902) and E. Schwalbe (1907). However, these classification systems were very complex and mainly based on the external morphology of the conjoined twins. In contrast to many other classification systems the professor in Anatomy at the University of Amsterdam Louis Bolk divided conjoined twins in only three main groups: 1 greater than diplopagi simplex caudad; 2 greater than diplopagi simplex craniad; 3 greater than diplopagi simplex mesad. The last group was divided into ventrad and laterad conjuncti. For the study of conjoined twins the Vrolik Collection and many other specimens of the Museum of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the University of Amsterdam were very important for Bolk. Three factors were the main reason that the concept of the classification of double monsters of Bolk has not been cited often in the international literature: 1 greater than the publications of the classification in a national journal in Dutch; 2 greater than the coincidence of the publication of E. Schwalbes famous handbook "Die Morphologie der Missbildungen des Menschen und der Tiere II. Die Doppelbildungen" in the same period and 3 greater than the problem that the verification of the classification, mainly based upon morphogenesis, has not been possible because of technical problems in performing these experiments in mammals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anatomy↗
PubMed1991

Willem Vrolik on cyclopia.

One of the founders of the Museum Vrolikianum, Professor Willem Vrolik (1801-1862), was very interested in teratology, especially in a congenital malformation termed cyclopia. In 1834 he published a paper on cyclopia. This work was mainly based on studies of cyclopic specimens present in the collection of his father, Professor Gerardus Vrolik. In this study he proposed a classification system for cyclopes, in which he divided them into five main types. This study also formed the basis for the chapters on cyclopia in his Handbook of pathological anatomy (1842-1844) and his Tabulae ad illustrandam embryogenesin hominis et mammalium (1844-1849). In these studies the specimens of cyclopes of man and mammals, still present in the collection of the Museum Vrolik in the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the University of Amsterdam, were described and illustrated with beautiful lithographs. The collection consists of five human cyclopes and nineteen other cyclopic mammals. These mammals are pigs, lambs and a cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion and their allocation to the eyeball of rats.

The origin, course and distribution of pre- and postganglionic neurons of the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) in the rat were studied using acetylcholinesterase staining, wheat germ agglutinin coupled to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) histochemistry and autoradiography. These methods were used in a selected and planned fashion to reveal details concerning the innervation of the lacrimal gland and portions of the eye. The PPG in rats consists of a rostral triangular portion and additional perikarya surrounding the distal part of the major petrosal nerve. Fibres from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) reach the PPG via the inferior petrosal sinus. Application of WGA-HRP was made after transections: (1) rostral to the PPG; and (2) caudal to the PPG. The first of these applications labelled mainly fibres in the PPG; the second application labelled preganglionic parasympathetic brainstem neurons dorsolateral to the facial nucleus (i.e. the lacrimal nucleus), rostral cells in the SCG and trigeminal sensory fibres. WGA-HRP injections of the lacrimal gland, the conjunctiva and the anterior chamber of the eye all labelled cells in different parts of the PPG. This means that the PPG contains sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres and that the PPG has a topographical organisation along the rostrocaudal axis. Isotope injections of the PPG anterogradely labelled fibres passing through the ciliary ganglion that innervated the conjunctiva, the limbus and parts of the choroid.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Nerves and nerve plexuses of the human vertebral column.

The origin, distribution, and termination pattern of nerves supplying the vertebral column and its associated structures have been studied in the human fetus by means of an acetylcholinesterase whole-mount method. The vertebral column is surrounded by ventral and dorsal nerve plexuses which are interconnected. The ventral nerve plexus consists of the nerve plexus associated with the anterior longitudinal ligament. This longitudinally oriented nerve plexus has a bilateral supply from many small branches of the sympathetic trunk, rami communicantes, and perivascular nerve plexuses of segmental arteries. In the thoracic region, the ventral nerve plexus also is connected to the nerve plexuses of costovertebral joints. The dorsal nerve plexus is made up of the nerve plexus associated with the posterior longitudinal ligament. This nerve plexus is more irregular and receives contributions only from the sinu-vertebral nerves. The sinu-vertebral nerves originate from the rami communicantes and, in the cervical region, also from the nerve plexus of the vertebral artery. Thick and thin sinu-vertebral nerves are found. Most frequently three types of thick sinu-vertebral nerves are observed, i.e., ascending, descending, or dichotomizing ones. Finally, the distribution of the branches of the ventral and dorsal nerve plexuses and of the sinu-vertebral nerves is described.

Cervical Plexus↗
PubMed1989

Autonomic pathways in the orbit of the human fetus and the rhesus monkey.

In order to study the three-dimensional topography of the intra-orbital autonomic nerve plexuses and the input for these systems, human fetuses and adult rhesus monkeys were investigated. Specimens of the orbits were processed according to the histochemical acetylcholinesterase methods for staining of peripheral nerves. The nerve fibers enter the orbit along the following pathways: 1. bundles of nerve fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion (mainly parasympathetic) by penetrating the orbital muscle (Müller); 2. perivascularly along the ophthalmic artery (sympathetic). In the orbit the nerve fibers intermingle. The pathways of the nerve fibers from this interwoven nerve plexus towards the target organs are: 1. perivascularly along branches of the ophthalmic artery; 2. perineurally along and in the branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves; 3. independently of blood vessels and cranial nerve branches in Tenon's capsule. Moreover, bundles of nerve fibers from the ciliary ganglion contribute to the innervation of extraocular structures, e.g. the eyelids. It can be concluded that, as far as the autonomic innervation of the orbit is concerned, the monkey is a good animal model for neuroanatomical studies.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

The innervation of the spinal dura mater: anatomy and clinical implications.

The nerves supplying the spinal dura mater were studied in four human foetuses (16-22 weeks) with the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. The ventral spinal dura contains a dense, longitudinally oriented, nerve plexus, which receives its contributions from: (I) the sinuvertebral nerves, (II) the nerve plexus of the posterior longitudinal ligament, (III) the nerve plexus of radicular branches of segmental arteries. Dorsal dural nerves are much smaller in number, do not form an evident plexus and do not reach the medial region of the dorsal dura. The dorsal nerves are derived from the ventral dural plexus at the level of the "intersleeval" parts of the dura mater. The ventral dural nerves may extend up to eight segments, with a great amount of overlap between adjacent nerves. This may provide an anatomical substrate for the understanding of extrasegmentally referred dural pain. The curled bundles of nerve fibres of pathways (I) and (II) provide an adequate adaptation to displacements of the spinal dura mater during flexion and extension. Pathway (III) has not been described before. The described nerve plexuses may be of importance in elucidating the mechanisms of epidural therapies in back pain and peripheral vascular disease.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk in the human fetus.

The segmental organization of the thoracic sympathetic trunk and all its ramifications was studied in 6 human fetuses (16-22 weeks) by means of the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. Each trunk was divided into 12 sympathetic segments. A segment is defined as that part of the sympathetic trunk which is connected via its rami communicantes with one spinal nerve, without discriminating between grey and white rami. The diameter of the rami communicantes and their direction towards the spinal nerves are variable. The number of peripheral segmental ramifications of the trunk is much larger than assumed previously. Each thoracic sympathetic segment gives off at least 4-5 nerves. Three categories of nerves are discerned: (1) large splanchnic rootlets confined to the greater, lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves, (2) medium-sized splanchnic nerves directed towards thoracic viscera, some of which give off branches towards costovertebral joint plexuses and, described for the first time in man, (3) small nerves which ramify extensively and form nerve plexuses in the capsule of the costovertebral joints. The majority of the ramifications is formed by the nerves of the third category. The existence of Kuntz's nerve, connecting the 2nd intercostal nerve and 1st thoracic spinal nerve, is confirmed in four specimens. The nerve plexuses of the costovertebral joints receive a segmentally organized innervation: they receive their input from the neighbouring sympathetic segment and the one cranial to it. It is concluded that the thoracic sympathetic branches in man show a complex, segmentally organized pattern and may have a considerable component of somatosensory nerve fibers. The complex relationships must be taken into account in surgical sympathectomies.

Female↗
PubMed1987

The extrinsic innervation of the rat kidney.

The anatomy of the extrinsic renal nerves is described making use of an in toto staining procedure for acetylcholinesterase activity. Nervous connections between the kidney and the celiac plexus, major and minor splanchnic nerves, the lumbar splanchnic nerves and the intermesenteric nerve plexus have been established. Bundles of nerve fibers enter or leave the kidney in the (peri-) hilar region. The occurrence of inter- and intraindividual variability is emphasized. Implications of these findings for the use of the rat as an experimental animal in denervation experiments are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Some aspects of the peripheral nervous system in the human fetus as revealed by the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method.

By means of the AChE in toto staining method (Baljet and Drukker 1975) the peripheral nervous system in several human fetuses has been investigated. Especially concerning the peripheral autonomic nervous system some striking results were found. In the human fetus there exists a large variability in number and diameter of the communicating rami. Many ganglia in the sympathetic trunks are fused. The major splanchnic nerve arises at various levels from the thoracic sympathetic trunks as well as many smaller thoracic sympathetic nerves. Furthermore various visceral nerves and nerve related elements are presented in this study.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1986

Concepts and problems in the study of the development of the nervous system.

This introductory paper outlines the problems and concepts dealt with in a workshop organized by the German Histochemical Society on developmental aspects of the nervous system. Because this workshop also included demonstrations of techniques, it also includes a discussion of some practical problems in the study of the development of the nervous system.

Animals↗