PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Blaive

Publications and source records attributed to B Blaive.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Ciliary beat frequency in human bronchi and bronchioles.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the differences between ciliary beat frequencies of respiratory ciliated cells from peripheral bronchioles and from proximal bronchi in humans. DESIGN: Measurements were made from resected lungs. Ciliated cells were harvested by brushing the mucosa of each site immediately after surgery. Brushings with a cytology brush were performed on normal areas of the resected cartilaginous bronchus for proximal samplings and through a peripheral bronchiole close to the visceral pleura for peripheral samplings. For each site, at least 12 different measurements were made at 22 degrees C using an image analysis system. RESULTS: A highly significant difference between proximal bronchi (mean, 7.1 Hz; SD, 1.29) and peripheral bronchioles (mean, 4.6 Hz; SD, 1.39) (p < 0.0001) was found. CONCLUSION: Thus, cilia from peripheral bronchioles beat at a 35% lower beat frequency than cilia from proximal bronchi.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax: technique and results of one hundred cases.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the technique and results for an initial series of 100 pneumothoraces treated by video-assisted thoracoscopy. METHODS: From May 1991 to November 1994, 97 patients (78 male and 19 female patients) aged 37.2 +/- 17 years (range 14 to 92 years) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax (primary in 75 patients, secondary in 22 patients). RESULTS: The procedure was unilateral in 94 patients and bilateral in three patients (total 100 cases). Pleural bullae were resected with an endoscopic linear stapler; a lung biopsy was performed in the absence of any identifiable lesion. Pleurodesis was achieved by electrocoagulation of the pleura (n = 3), "patch" pleurectomy (n = 3), subtotal pleurectomy (n = 20), or pleural abrasion (n = 74), including conversion to standard thoracotomy in five. One of these five patients had primary pneumothorax and four had secondary pneumothorax. There were no postoperative deaths. A complication developed in 10 patients: five patients with a primary pneumothorax (6.6%) and five with a secondary pneumothorax (27.7%). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.25 +/- 3.2 days. Mean follow-up is 30 months (range 7 to 49 months). Pneumothorax recurred in 3% of patients, all of whom were operated on at the start of our experience. Three percent of the patients had chronic postoperative chest pain. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopy is a valid alternative to open thoracotomy for the treatment of spontaneous primary pneumothorax. Its role for the management of secondary pneumothorax remains to be defined. In the long term, the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurodesis and surgeon experience should yield the same results as standard operative therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Management of pleural effusion of cirrhotic origin.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the indications and limitations of surgical videothoracoscopy for management of pleural effusion, an infrequent and often recurring complication of cirrhotic ascites whose pathogenesis involves direct passage of ascitic fluid into the pleural space through minute defects in the diaphragm. DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS/INTERVENTIONS: Eight cirrhotic patients with ascites and recurrent pleural effusion underwent surgical videothoracoscopy to localize and close any diaphragmatic defects and to achieve pleurodesis by application of talc. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Diaphragmatic defects were localized and closed in six patients; postoperative mean volume and duration of drainage were, respectively, 0.408 +/- 0.157 mL and 7.6 +/- 1.75 days. None of these six patients developed recurrent pleural effusion (follow-up, 7 to 36 months). In the 2 patients in whom no defect was found, drainage had to be maintained for 15 days and 18 days (drainage volumes, 3 and 4 L). At hospital discharge, both patients had a stable recurrent effusion occupying the lower third of the cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of videothoracoscopy appears particularly indicated for these fragile patients when medical therapy fails. The procedure's efficacy is immediate and durable once defects are identified and closed. If the technique proves unsuccessful, it does not hinder subsequent use of other methods.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Current surgical methods for the etiological diagnosis of mediastinal adenopathies].

The aim of this work was to determine the role of video-thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of lymph node enlargement in the mediastinum of unknown aetiology. From January 1992 to December 1993, 26 patients were seen for surgical biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes. Relative localization and the requirement for an associated gesture determined the choice between axial mediastinoscopy, parasternal scopy and videothoracoscopy. Mediastinoscopy was performed for peritracheal or right hilar (Baréty) nodes and parasternal scopy for anterior mediastinal masses. Videothroacoscopy was performed when the lymph nodes were localized at the preceding sites or when an associated manoeuver was required. Mediastinoscopy was performed in 16 patients. Lymphorrea which subsided after 4 days occurred in one patient and the mean hospital stay was 2.6 days. Diagnosis was achieved in 15 cases. The delay from procedure to treatment was 11 days on the average. Parasternal scopy was used 3 times and gave the diagnosis in all cases. Videothoracoscopy was used for 7 patients including 2 cases with pulmonary biopsies. Diagnosis was established 7 times and the delay to treatment was 12 days. No diagnostic thoracotomie were performed during this period. When access to the mass to be biopsied is difficult with mediastinoscopy (aorto-pulmonary, subcarenal, triangular ligament) videothoracotomy can be useful. Post-operative follow-up is simple and a specific treatment can be instaured rapidly. Videothoracotomy should be an important supplementary method for mediastinoscopy and helping avoid thoracotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of pneumothorax by video-thoracoscopy].

Between May and December 1991, 12 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were treated surgically, using video-thoracoscopy. With this technique bullous lesions could be excised in 10 cases and pleurodesis could be performed in all patients. Morbidity and mortality were nil. The cosmetic and functional advantages of video-thoracoscopy were obvious. Long-term results remain to be evaluated. This technique has shown that it is possible in all cases to create pleurodesis (pleural poudrage or pleurectomy) and to treat parenchymatous lesions (excision of bullous systems). This suggests that the long-term results will be the same as those obtained with conventional surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Temperature effect on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal and tracheal ciliated cells.

Even though all human respiratory cilia are similar in structure, they experience a wide range of temperatures between the initial part of the nasal fossae which behave as heat exchangers and the inferior part of the trachea, particularly when we inhale exceedingly cold or hot air. The ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells from human nasal mucosa and from bronchial mucosa averages 8 Hz when measured at room temperature. In the present study we compared the ciliary beat frequency of human cells from nasal and tracheal mucosa brushings at different temperatures from 5 degrees C to 50 degrees C using two different techniques, ex vivo and in vitro: ex vivo in culture medium less than 24 h after sampling and in vitro after demembranation and reactivation according to a standard procedure developed in our laboratory. Measuring the ATP-reactivated ciliary beat frequency allowed us to check the thermal parameters of the dynein ATPase and all the axonemal machinery. No significant difference in frequency was observed between nasal fossae cilia and tracheal cilia when comparing extreme temperatures in both experimental procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer with high doses of etoposide (VP16-213). Cooperative study from the Groupe Franais Pneumo-Cancérologie.

To study the efficacy of etoposide in brain metastases of lung carcinoma, etoposide was given during 3 consecutive days. The total dose of 1500 mg/m2 was divided into six 1 h perfusions delivered over 3 days to 19 patients having squamous (7), large cell (3), small cell (5) or adenocarcinoma (4). Response to chemotherapy was assessed by means of computerized tomography (CT) before and 15-30 days after the last course of chemotherapy (course interval = 28 days, maximum of four courses). Severe myelotoxicity was observed in nine patients with seven patient deaths resulting from infection. Efficacy could be evaluated in 13 patients. Failure was observed in seven cases. An objective response was observed in six patients (4/14 NSCLC and 2/5 SCLC), two patients having a complete regression. Average survival time was 10 weeks.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term beta adrenergic antagonists in spastic bronchopathies].

Beta-blockers are usually contra-indicated or reluctantly prescribed in cases of chronic obstructive bronchopathy. The aim of this study is firstly to show their tolerance in the long term in this pathology when the condition is stable and secondly to judge their efficacy in controlling side effects caused by bronchodilators (trembling, tachycardia) which are often administered at the same time. This study concerned 21 patients: 8 asthmatics and 13 spastic bronchitics, treated over a period of 4 months in a cross-over, double-blind test by 2 cardio-selective beta-blockers (2 months: betaxolol, 2 months atenolol). During the study, respiratory tolerance proved to be good and side effects of bronchodilators were controlled.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

[Inefficacy of theophylline in preventing hypoxemia in abdominal surgery].

It would be very useful to prevent post surgery ventilatory and gazometric insufficiencies that represent a significant risk factor. Ten patients have received proper doses of theophyllin in order to maintain accurate plasmatic concentration immediately after surgery. During the next 24 hours, their respiratory frequency, tidal volume, ventilation per minute, PaO2 and PaCO2 have been recorded. Those data have been compared with a test group (N = 10) having received injections of placebo. No relevant discrepancy exists in the ventilation parameters nor any increase of PaO2. The significant factor is a substantial decrease of PaCO2. It appears that theophyllin has no significatory efficiency for controlling the post surgery hypoventilation and hypoxemia.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Pulmonary toxicity of a combination of low-dose doxorubicin and irradiation for inoperable lung cancer.

In 1980, 27 patients with inoperable lung cancer (26 non-oat cell, one oat cell) were treated by split-course irradiation (40 Gy/10 fractions) plus concomitant low-dose chemotherapy (doxorubicin 10 mg/m2). Twenty-four of the 27 patients received the entire treatment course. Fifteen of the 27 patients were administered various chemotherapy protocols after a period of one month. Median survival was 16 weeks despite a 60% response rate. The lungs were the main site of complications (13 cases of radiation pneumonitis for the 24 patients), which occurred primarily when an objective response was obtained. These complications partially explain the poor results. Injection of doxorubicin during irradiation appears to have been a determining factor.

Adult↗