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B C McCaughan

Publications and source records attributed to B C McCaughan.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Carcinomatous involvement of the hilum and mediastinum: computed tomographic and magnetic resonance evaluation.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were compared in 20 patients who had primary lung tumors, and the results were correlated with findings at surgery and pathologic evaluation. Both studies demonstrated a similar ability to detect hilar and mediastinal tumor. MR imaging detected more enlarged nodes in the mediastinum, but in several patients these enlarged nodes did not contain tumor. Consequently, MR imaging has a slightly higher false-positive rate in the evaluation of the mediastinum. Both modalities were highly sensitive, with specificity limited by the presence of enlarged benign lymph nodes in this series of patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial carcinoids. Review of 124 cases.

A total of 124 patients with bronchial carcinoid were seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1983. Of these, 68 were female and 56 were male. The age range was 12 to 82 years (median 55 years). Eleven of the tumors were incidental pathological findings at autopsy or operation and were excluded from survival data determinations. At the time of diagnosis, 82 patients had disease confined to the lung or bronchus, 19 had regional lymph node metastases, and 12 had distant metastases. Patients with distant metastases were more commonly male and smokers, and their tumors were mainly atypical carcinoids histologically, compared with those of patients with localized disease. Patients with distant disease were treated with external radiation and/or chemotherapy, and their median survival was 8 months. Of the 101 patients with disease localized to one hemithorax, endobronchial resection was performed in six and pulmonary resection in 95 (pneumonectomy 14, bilobectomy nine, lobectomy 52, sleeve resection five, segmentectomy 15). Recurrence following endobronchial resection was observed in four of six patients. Disease-free actuarial survival (calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method) following pulmonary resection was 92% at 5 years and 77% at 10 years. Factors predisposing to recurrence were tumor size greater than 3 cm (p less than 0.004), an atypical carcinoid on histologic study (p less than 0.001), and regional lymph node metastases (p = 0.01). Disease-free survival at 5 and 10 years in 19 patients who had regional lymphatic metastases was 74% and 53%, compared with 96% and 84% in those without lymphatic metastases. We conclude that (1) carcinoid tumors are malignant and 10% of patients present with metastases and (2) for patients with clinically localized tumors, the prognosis is determined by the size and histologic features of the tumor and the status of the regional lymph nodes, which must be assessed at thoracotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chest wall invasion in carcinoma of the lung. Therapeutic and prognostic implications.

From 1974 through 1983, 125 patients underwent operation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung invading the chest wall. (Excluded are those with superior sulcus tumors or distant metastases at presentation.) Eighty patients were male and 45 were female. Ages ranged from 33 to 88 years (median 60 years). Histologically, the tumors were epidermoid carcinoma in 46%, adenocarcinoma in 46%, and large cell carcinoma in 8%. All patients underwent thoracotomy (pneumonectomy 19, bilobectomy seven, lobectomy 75, wedge resection 10, and no pulmonary resection 14), with an operative mortality of 4%. At thoracotomy, mediastinal lymph node dissection was routinely performed, and the postsurgical stage was T3 N0 M0 in 53%, T3 N1 M0 in 13%, and T3 N2 M0 in 34%. Extrapleural resection was performed in 66 patients. En bloc resection of chest wall and lung was performed in 45 patients with an operative mortality of 2%. Complete resection of tumor was possible in 77 patients (62%). Extension of tumor beyond the parietal pleura significantly decreased resectability. The median survival of 48 patients having incomplete resection was 9 months, despite perioperative interstitial and external radiation. The actuarial 5 year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) of 77 patients having complete resection was 40%. This percentage was not significantly influenced by the patient's age or sex or by tumor size or histologic type. Lymphatic metastases significantly reduced survival, with a 5 year actuarial survival rate of 56% for patients with T3 N0 M0 disease and 21% for those with T3 N1 M0 or T3 N2 M0 disease (p = 0.005). The extent of tumor invasion of the chest wall appeared to influence survival, but in the absence of lymphatic metastases the difference at 5 years was not significant. Complete resection offers a significant chance for long-term survival in lung cancer directly extending into parietal pleura and chest wall. Extrapleural resection or en bloc chest wall resection can be performed with a low operative mortality and an expected 5 year survival in excess of 50% in the absence of lymphatic metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Early and late results of surgical treatment.

From 1957 through September, 1983, 35 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve underwent operation. Two subgroups of patients were recognized: minimally symptomatic (Group A, n = 21) and markedly symptomatic (Group B, n = 14). Group B patients were symptomatic at an earlier age and were younger at operation. Ages ranged from 1 day to 42 years (mean = 7.8 +/- 7.4 SD). Repair consisted of closure of the ventricular septal defect and relief of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery pressure gradient (nine patients received a tissue valve). In five patients, partial resection and/or plication of the aneurysmal pulmonary arteries also was performed. Operative mortality was 4.8% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. In up to 25 years of follow-up, there was one late death in Group A (an early case with complete heart block); the remaining 19 patients are asymptomatic. In Group B, there were four late deaths, three related to cardiopulmonary insufficiency. These results indicate pulmonary valve insufficiency is tolerated well in minimally symptomatic patients. For markedly symptomatic patients, results may be improved if repair includes establishment of pulmonary valvular competence and reduction of size and length of aneurysmal pulmonary arteries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Early and late results of pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.

Records of 231 patients (171 males, 60 females; aged 10 months to 83 years [median 45 years]) who underwent operation for constrictive pericarditis at the Mayo Clinic from 1936 through 1982 were reviewed. All had had hemodynamically significant pericardial constriction preoperatively, and pericardial disease was confirmed at operation. Preoperatively, 69% were in New York Heart Association Class III or IV and 81% had peripheral edema or ascites. Pericardiectomy was performed through a left anterolateral thoracotomy (34%), a median sternotomy (27%), a U incision (Harrington) (21%), or a bilateral anterior thoracotomy (18%). Postoperatively, 28% of patients had evidence of low cardiac output; 70% of the 32 deaths within 30 days of operation were due to low cardiac output. Operative risk was significantly (p less than 0.001) related to preoperative disability (1% for Class I or II; 10% for class III; 46% for Class IV). Median postoperative follow-up was 9 years (longest was 43 years). Probability of survival for patients dismissed alive from the hospital was 84% at 5 years, 71% at 15 years, and 52% at 30 years. Long-term survival (excluding operative mortality) was not significantly influenced by the disability class preoperatively, the operative approach, or the development of low cardiac output in the immediate postoperative period. At the end of the follow-up interval, there were 141 patients in whom functional capacity could be assessed; 140 were in Class I or II. We conclude that a poor hemodynamic result after complete pericardiectomy relates to the preoperative degree of constriction and resultant cardiomyopathy. We recommend early pericardiectomy when pericardial constriction is diagnosed, and we continue to use a left anterolateral thoracotomy as the preferred approach for most patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Appendicectomy audit.

Of 200 consecutive appendicectomies performed at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital the indications for operation were suspected acute appendicitis (65%), chronic or recurrent appendicitis (11.5%), interval appendicectomy (3%) and appendicectomies incidental to other operations (20.5%). Of those operated upon for suspected acute appendicitis, the appendix revealed acute inflammation pathologically in 64% of patients. Pathological changes occurred with the same frequency in both the incidental appendicectomy group and the chronic appendicitis group. Within the group with a provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis there were marked variations in the documentation of peroperative symptoms, signs and investigations. On average 11.5 hours passed between the time these patients presented and when appendicectomy was performed. The patients spent an average of 6.4 days in hospital and only 33% had any documentation follow-up in the hospital records. Auditing systems can only be instituted in Australia if the structure of medical services is borne in mind. Adoption of overseas systems based on different patterns of medical care will add little to patient care.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed1982

Oesophagoplasty for malignant obstruction of the oesophagus following previous partial gastrectomy.

The management of 19 patients with malignant obstruction of the oesophagus who previously had undergone partial gastrectomy was reviewed. With stomach unavailable for oesophagoplasty, the jejunum was used in 12 patients, and the colon in seven patients, for reconstruction or bypass. The technique recommended is jejunal oesophagoplasty. Surgical intervention to restore swallowing in this group of patients has been associated with a 52% hospital mortality and a considerable morbidity. Because of the late stage of the disease, survival beyond two-three years after a successful operation has not been possible so far.

Aged↗