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Biomedical subjects

B Claudi

Publications and source records attributed to B Claudi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Influence of type of medullary nail on the development of local infection. An experimental study of solid and slotted nails in rabbits.

Any operation involving the implantation of a foreign body increases the risk of infection. The implant material and its surface, the dead space, and any necrosis or vascular changes play a significant role in susceptibility to infection. We investigated the effect of the dead space in an intramedullary nail on the rate of local infection. We inoculated the intramedullary cavities of rabbit tibiae with various concentrations of a human pathogen, of Staphylococcus aureus strain, and then inserted either a solid or a hollow slotted stainless-steel nail. We found a significantly higher rate of infection after use of the slotted nail (59%) than after the solid nail (27%) (p < 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Primary management of fresh injuries of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae].

Results of conservative treatment of vertebral body fractures and of repositioning and internal fixation, are compared with those obtained by dorsoventral repositioning and fusion. The results achieved with patients treated by dorsoventral fusion were statistically significantly better than those obtained with the other two treatment methods. Consequently, we modified the treatment concept of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body fractures. Every vertebral disk showing irreversible damage is now resected and the mobility segment involved is fused. The fracture is treated conservatively only in case MR does not reveal any lesion of the vertebral disk, or it is stabilised only from the dorsal approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Validity of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in evaluation of the traumatized intervertebral disk].

The validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of injured intervertebral discs was examined by a prospective diagnostic study. The golden standard being intraoperative discography. The examinations were carried out on both intervertebral discs adjoining the fractured vertebral body. There were 27 patients with 54 injured discs. The sensitivity of the MRI as a noninvasive method is 96%, the specificity is 75%. These results comply with a validity of 88%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Gas-gangrene following arthroscopic surgery.

An arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair was followed by gas-gangrene and the development of a compartment syndrome. Treatment consisted of extensive fasciotomy, debridement, and antibiotic therapy with penicillin G, cefotiam, and metronidazole. The patient was also treated with five sessions of hyperbaric oxygen in a pressure chamber for a duration of 2 h per session. This therapeutic regimen resulted in the preservation of a functionally intact extremity despite severe complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Conservative fracture treatment of the cervical spine with halo fixation].

A differentiated therapeutic approach is necessary in discoligamentous or osseous lesions of the cervical spine. Whereas lesions with neurological disturbances are stabilised by operation almost in all cases--and extensive lesions of the lower cervical spine (C3 to C7) quite frequently--, conservative treatment is the order of the day in sequels to trauma at the upper cervical spine (C1 and C2) as well as in mild lesions of all sections of the cervical vertebral column. Fractures of the dens of Types II and III (after Anderson and d'Alonzo) are the exception, since they are now being stabilized by surgery on a large scale. The advantages of the halo-fixateur therapy compared against extension and immobilization in Minerva gypsum are that secondary correction of positioning is possible; that functionally disturbing and extended spondylodeses are avoided; that care of the polytraumatized patient is facilitated; that X-ray films are easy to assess; and that the period of hospitalization is greatly reduced. Successful treatment is possible only of the possible complications are known. Failures are possible if the head screws become loose, if there are pin-trac infections, if dislocations and fractures are redislocated, and if there are points of pressure beneath the jacket.

Braces↗
PubMed1988

Use of ofloxacin in open fractures and in the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.

In two open prospective studies, the efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin in the prevention of infection in patients with open fractures (n = 58) and in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis (n = 115) were examined. In the study with open fractures, bone and/or soft tissue infection occurred in only four cases (6.5%). During an observation period of at least 12 months, post-traumatic osteomyelitis was seen in two patients with III degree open fractures (9%), while in the groups with I degree and II degree open fractures no bone infection could be found. Therefore, the rate of post-traumatic osteomyelitis related to all patients was 3.3%. In the second study with 115 patients suffering from chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis 141 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens were isolated. 73% were Gram-positive cocci with Staphylococcus aureus in more than 50% of the cases. An elimination rate of more than 90% was found in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, leading to a clinical cure in 85% and a recurrence of infection in 5% of the cases. The tolerability of ofloxacin was excellent. No drug-related allergic reactions were observed. Diarrhoea and headache occurred in less than 2% of patients. With adequate surgical treatment, ofloxacin proved to be a useful antimicrobial agent in the prevention and therapy of bone infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ofloxacin treatment in the management of chronic osteitis.

In an open prospective study, the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis was examined in 83 patients. 103 different pathogens were isolated. More than 75% were Gram-positive bacteria with Staphylococcus aureus occurring in 61% of cases. After ofloxacin treatment bacteriological elimination was more than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, leading to a clinical cure in 85% of patients. Reinfection occurred in 5% of patients. These values were obtained from follow-up examinations which were carried out at least 6 months after the end of therapy. The tolerability of ofloxacin was excellent and no drug-related allergic reactions or side effects were observed. In conjunction with adequate surgical treatment, ofloxacin proved to be a useful antibacterial agent in the therapy of chronic bone infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effectiveness of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis.

In 61 patients the effectiveness of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic osteitis was based on clinical and radiological signs of infection, as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg imipenem daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. In 75% of the cases an infection with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four patients (7%) showed a recurrence of the infection. Allergic reactions or other adverse effects were not observed except for diarrhoea in four patients. The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Traumatology of the midface--diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the practicing ENT physician from the viewpoint of the general surgeon].

The first function of the hospital should be to execute the vital treatment of the middle face injuries, determine the immediate diagnosis and decide on the type of primary and secondary therapy; therefore thorough, interdisciplinary cooperation with the ENT specialists is of greatest importance. The final goal for optimal care of polytraumatic patients should be the immediate medical attention through numerous teams during one operation.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1984

Development of a variable stiffness external fixation system for stabilization of segmental defects of the tibia.

The mechanical properties of a variable stiffness external fixation system were explored. Initial testing of a unilateral fixator configuration demonstrated that system rigidity could be increased by maximizing pin separation distance in the fracture component and the number of pins used while minimizing pin separation distance across the fracture site and the sidebar offset distance from bone. A triangulated system composed of half pin frames mounted anteriorly and medially on the tibial aspects and linked by crossbars was devised. Progressive disassembly of the frame was shown to result in progressive decreases in fixator rigidity in all planes.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

[Inclined plate screws - in vitro measurement of the stability of transverse osteotomy of tibia].

A compression plate which is exactly contoured to the bone surface produces asymmetric compression: only part of the cortex near the plate is compressed. Therefore a compression plate is not meant to be used selfstanding, it will rather be combined with additional means. Two of these have been studied: the increased stability provided by the use of lagging, inclined plate screws was compared to the one provided by the spring effect of a plate prebent for central elevation. 7-hole dynamic compression plates (DCP) and 4.5 mm cortex screws were used to stabilize transverse osteotomies in human tibiae in vitro. Flexural and torsional testing revealed that the use of an inclined lag screw or a prebent plate increases stability compared to the one achieved with an exactly contoured plate alone. Preliminary tests suggest, that a combination of plate lag-screw and prebending offers stability up to high loads.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Preoperative immunosuppression in the kidney-transplanted dog in connection with specific antigenic pre-treatment].

Postoperative, nonspecific routine immunosuppressive therapy fails in up to 50% in human cadaver renal transplantation. Donorspecific preoperative immunological conditioning of the host is harder to induce in dogs than in some rodents. In a pilot study 2 i.v. donorblood injections on days -18 and -11 followed by a 6-day preoperative pulse without any postoperative therapy induce a significant albeit limited prolongation of graft function.

Animals↗