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Biomedical subjects

B Drozdzowska

Publications and source records attributed to B Drozdzowska.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus in premenopausal women and their postmenopausal mothers.

The aim of the study was to establish a relationship between mothers' and daughters' bone status. Forty-eight postmenopausal women and their 48 premenopausal daughters were evaluated. The analysis was made for the whole group and for two subgroups: 27 healthy mothers and their 27 daughters; and 21 fractured mothers and their 21 daughters. The subgroups were matched for age and years since menopause (YSM), and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) did not differ significantly. Bone status was evaluated by ultrasound measurement at the heel using the Achilles system (Lunar, Madison, WI), which measures speed of sound (SOS [m/sec]) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA [dB/MHz]). The Achilles software also calculates a stiffness index (SI [%]). Ultrasound values for BUA, SOS, stiffness index, and Z score were significantly lower both in mothers with previous fractures and in their daughters, compared with respective values in mothers without fractures and their daughters. Future values in daughters were predicted using a stepwise, multiple regression analysis separately in the whole group and in the two subgroups. Future values were predicted in two models taking into consideration mothers' present SOS, BUA, and age or present SOS, BUA, and YSM. In both models, daughters' present SOS, BUA, age, height, and weight were taken into consideration. Predictive values were found to be high for daughters of women having had fractures (r = 0.72-0.87, p = 0.015-0.00007, SEE = 6.0-15.8) and lower for all daughters studied (r = 0.38-0.62, p = 0.03-0.0001, SEE = 8.8-21.5). In daughters of mothers without past fractures, prediction was not possible. Heritability of ultrasound values in daughters of women with past fractures ranged between 52% and 76%, whereas in the whole group the range was 14%-40%. In conclusion, the data indicate that, as a group, the daughters of women with osteoporotic fracture are likely to be at an increased risk for fractures because they have relatively low ultrasound values. Their future ultrasound values can be predicted on the basis of a single ultrasound evaluation with the condition that there is a history of maternal past fracture.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mandibular bone mineral density measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: relationship to hip bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound at calcaneus and hand phalanges.

The main aim of this cross-sectional study was the estimation of relationships between mandibular bone mineral density (m-BMD), hip bone mineral densities (BMDs) and quantitative ultrasound at calcaneus and hand phalanges. Correlations between m-BMD and age, years since menopause (YSM) and body size were also evaluated. 42 edentulous persons (36 females and 6 males aged 60.5 +/- 6.9 years) were evaluated. In the group studied no factors affecting bone metabolism (either medical conditions or medications) were noted. Bone status was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (mandible, hip--Lunar DPX-L), and quantitative ultrasound (calcaneus--Lunar Achilles which measures speed of sound (SOS, m s-1) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB MHz-1); and phalanges of the hand--DBM Sonic 1200 which measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SOS, m s-1)). CV% for mandibular measurements was 2.06%. m-BMD correlated significantly with the following measurements: femoral neck r = 0.39, p < 0.01; Ward's r = 0.39, p < 0.01; calcaneal BUA r = 0.39, p < 0.01; and phalangeal AD-SOS r = 0.4, p < 0.01. Negative correlation consistent with a significant decrease with age was observed in m-BMD (r = -0.36, p < 0.05) and AD-SOS (r = -0.4, p < 0.01). BMD in the mandible also decreased with YSM (r = -0.47, p < 0.01). m-BMD was correlated with age, YSM, height and weight in stepwise, multiple, linear regression analysis. The following equation was obtained: m-BMD = -2.21 + 0.018 x height (cm) -0.02 x YSM (years) + 0.13 x age (years). It may be concluded that mandibular BMD may be an appropriate measurement site for the evaluation of skeletal status in osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

[Precancerous states of the larynx: analysis of mono- and polyclonality of the cells with high proliferative index (p53, PCNA)].

The aim of the study was analysis of relationship between proliferation index (PCNA) and protein p53 content in dysplastic laryngeal epithelium and the degree of dysplasia, age of patients and smoking. The study population consisted of 45 patients (mean age 57.7 +/- 6.2) with chronic laryngitis. It was revealed epithelial dysplasia varying in intensity in 36 patients and epithelial hyperplasia without dysplasia (acanthosis) in 9 patients--control group. Mean value of p53 protein index was 8.91 +/- 7.43% in dysplastic epithelium and 3.67 +/- 3.4 in hyperplastic epithelium without dysplasia. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.007). P53 content significantly differed between groups with grade I and grade II dysplasia (p = 0.03) and between groups with grade I and grade III dysplasia (p = 0.03). The difference was found between groups with grade II and III dysplasia and group with hyperplasia without dysplasia. The analysis of the correlation between degree of dysplasia and value of PCNA index showed absence of differences. There was no relationship between smoking, age of patients and Value of p53 and PCNA index.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Why is it worth to examine the biomechanical properties of cancellous bone?].

The study of biomechanical properties of cancellous bone is of growing interest in many fields of medicine especially in the aspect of osteoporosis. Biomechanical properties of bone have been investigated for over 100 years. It was and still it is caused by the necessity of an evaluation of fracture risk. Nowadays, the prediction of osteoporotic fracture is based on bone mineral density measurement which is the most important, but not the only, factor of bone strength. Based on fundamental rules of biomechanics, it is obvious that the strength of each material (cancellous bone too) depends not only on the amount of this material but also on internal structure, shape and biomechanical properties. Ideal method should assess all these properties in vivo and it is looked for. In vitro studies are the base of experimental studies of cancellous bone. The strength tests should be treated as a "gold standard" of them. They allow to improve a knowledge of cancellous bone and to explain the relationships existed between biomechanical properties and bone mineral density, ultrasound parameters and chemical composition. A good knowledge of these relations should help in the diagnostics and monitoring of metabolic bone diseases.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative ultrasound of phalanges and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of forearm and hand in patients with end-stage renal failure treated with dialysis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of the proximal phalanges of the hand in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) treated with dialysis, and to compare results of this method with those from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of hands and forearms (shaft and ultradistal site). Forty-one men aged 48.1 +/- 11.7 years and 31 women aged 43.1 +/- 12.3 years were examined. Mean QUS values of the hands in men and women with ESRF were significantly lower than the values of the healthy control group. There was a significant positive correlation between QUS and DXA of fingers, hands and also forearms, more pronounced in the shaft than in the ultradistal site. There was no significant difference in the measurements of extremities with or without a fistula. We conclude that QUS measurements are decreased in patients with ESRF treated with dialysis, and they correlate with DXA results. The simplicity of QUS makes it a valuable method in everyday practice. The clinical significance of the QUS results in these patients with ESRF treated with dialysis needs further investigation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

Ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus in men: differences between healthy and fractured persons and the influence of age and anthropometric features on ultrasound parameters.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the ability of quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus to discriminate between fractured and unfractured men, fracture probability, and the relationship of ultrasonic parameters to age and body size. The study included 224 men (age range 36-86 years) with no history of diseases or therapy affecting bone metabolism. The subjects were divided into two groups (unfractured, n = 148; fractured, n = 76) matched for age and body size. Bone status was assessed by ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus. Long-term in vitro CV% values were 0.88% for speed of sound (SOS) and 0.54% for broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). In vivo CV% values were 0.33% for SOS and 2.48% for BUA, while sCV% values were 4.66% and 6.58%, respectively. The following SOS/BUA values were obtained: in unfractured men, SOS = 1517.5 +/- 35.3 m/s and BUA = 114.0 +/- 13.3 dB/MHz; in fractured men, SOS = 1492.6 +/- 24.6 m/s and BUA = 106.1 +/- 11.6 dB/MHz. The differences were significant (p<0.0001). The odds ratio for BUA for all fractures was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.03-2.07) and for SOS 2.13 (95% CI, 0.77-3.49). Only the age-related decrease in SOS in unfractured men was significant (r = -0.17, p<0.05). In fractured men, weight and body mass index (BMI) were found to correlate significantly with BUA (r = 0.31, p = 0.007, r = 0.31, p = 0.007, respectively). The areas under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were 0.706 for SOS and 0.665 for BUA. Ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus thus enable discrimination between fractured and healthy males. Different patterns of the relationship between age and body size in the two groups suggest the presence of other, unknown factors affecting bone status. Their identification requires further prospective studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Ultrasonic measurement of the calcaneus in Polish normal and osteoporotic women and men.

In this cross-sectional study, 964 subjects (740 postmenopausal women and 224 men) who underwent ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus at the outpatient osteoporotic clinic in the years 1993-1996 were evaluated. The aim of the study was to compare the influence of age, years since menopause (YSM), and body size on ultrasound variables in normal and osteoporotic male and female populations as well as to assess the ability of quantitative ultrasound (qUS) to discriminate between healthy and osteoporotic individuals. The subjects were divided into four age-matched groups: normal women (n = 601, mean age 56.3 +/- 4.8 years); osteoporotic women (n = 139, mean age 56.5 +/- 4.8 years); normal men (n = 148, mean age 56.2 +/- 10.2 years); and osteoporotic men (n = 76, mean age 56.5 +/- 10.7 years). Persons with a history of a disease and/or medications known to affect bone metabolism were excluded. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, in decibels per megahertz) and speed of sound (SOS, in meters per second) were measured using Achilles device (Lunar, Madison, WI). Short- and long-term in vitro coefficients of variation (CVs) were: 1.23% and 0.54% for BUA and 0.12% and 0.14% for SOS, respectively. Short-term in vivo CVs were: in women, BUA 1.8% and SOS 0.22%; and, in men, 2.48% and 0.33%, respectively. SOS and BUA values were significantly higher in healthy men (1517.5 +/- 35.3 m/sec, 114.0 +/- 13.3 dB/MHz) than in healthy women (1511.1 +/- 25.6 m/sec, 108.7 +/- 9.5 dB/MHz) (p < 0.000001). The two ultrasound variables had higher values in osteoporotic men (SOS = 1492.6 +/- 24.6 m/sec, BUA = 106.1 +/- 11.6 dB/MHz) in comparison to osteoporotic women (SOS = 1490.4 +/- 19.5 m/sec, BUA = 103.2 +/- 8.6 dB/MHz), but the differences did not achieve significance. In both genders, ultrasound parameters were significantly lower in osteoporotic groups (p < 0.000001). The following age-adjusted odds ratios were obtained: in women, 1.7 (95% CI 1.42-2.03) for BUA, and 2.3 (95% CI 1.87-2.81) for SOS; in men, 1.05 (95% CI 0.03-2.07) for BUA, and 2.13 (95% CI 0.77-3.49) for SOS. ROC analyses performed in both genders showed the following area under the curve data: in women, 0.66 for BUA, and 0.74 for SOS; and, in men, 0.66 for BUA, and 0.71 for SOS. Multiple regression analysis showed age to be the main negative determinant of both ultrasound variables in healthy women, and YSM in osteoporotic women. In both genders, weight was found to have a positive influence on SOS and BUA values, whereas the effect of height was weaker and generally negative. It can be concluded that ultrasound measurement at the calcaneus is able to discriminate between normal male/female and osteoporotic male/female populations in a similar manner. Women had greater rates of decrease in BUA and SOS with age compared with rates in men, and the decrease was greater in normal individuals in both genders. Distinct gender-related differences were noted in regard to correlations of ultrasound parameters with body size.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Post-steroidal osteoporosis].

Pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and an influence of several forms of these drugs on bone mineral density were presented. Principles of prevention and treatment of this type of osteoporosis were described. Among the drugs studied, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D and hormonal replacement therapy in women appear to be most consistently effective in increasing bone density. It is also important to modify risk factors of osteoporosis (increased physical activity, diet rich in calcium, discontinuation of smoking, avoidance of excess alcohol intake).

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasound measurement of proximal phalanges in a normal Polish female population.

In this cross-sectional study 954 Polish healthy women aged 30-80 years were evaluated (mean age 50.8 +/- 8.9 years). Among them were 460 premenopausal (mean age 44.4 +/- 5.5 years) and 494 postmenopausal women (mean age 56.8 +/- 7.2 years). Women suffering from diseases known to affect bone metabolism and/or treated with drugs that affect bone tissue were excluded. All women were volunteers from six towns in the south of Poland, who underwent bone measurements for screening purposes. Bone status was assessed using an ultrasound device (DBM Sonic 1200, Igea, Italy) that measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) in metres per second. Phalanges (II-V) of the non-dominant hand were measured and an average value was computed. In vivo short-term precision was 0.49% for intraobserver, and 0.42% for interobserver measurements. Mean AD-SoS values were: in the whole group, 1974.6 +/- 90.7 m/s; in premenopausal women, 2032.1 +/- 50.0 m/s; and in postmenopausal women, 1921.0 +/- 87.3 m/s (p < 0.0001). The mean decrease in AD-SoS value in the studied population was 6.1 m/s per year. Simple linear regression analysis showed significant, negative correlations between age and AD-SoS: in the whole group r = -0.70 (p < 0.0001); in pre- and postmenopausal women, r = -0.29 (p < 0.0001) and r = -0.58 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Years since menopause (YSM) showed a significant influence on AD-SoS: linear correlation in the whole group resulted in a value of r = -0.59 (p < 0.0001) and in the group of postmenopausal women in a value of r = -0.57 (p < 0.0001). AD-SoS decreased in the first 8 YSM by 5.1% (0.63%/year) and in the next 15 YSM by 5.44% (0.36%/year). In postmenopausal women mean AD-SoS was regressed simultaneously on age and YSM, resulting in AD-SoS = 2181.0 - 4.031 x Age - 3.911 x YSM. In conclusion, ultrasound measurements of proximal phalanges were found to enable detection of age- and YSM-related skeletal changes in a Polish healthy female population. Results obtained in this study showed a premenopausal decrease in the ultrasound parameter (not observed by other authors) and an AD-SoS value lower than those in French, Italian and Spanish populations. The premenopausal decline in AD-SoS, the most important observation, requires further longitudinal investigations to determine factors affecting the skeleton before menopause.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasound measurements of proximal phalanges in Polish early postmenopausal women.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate skeletal status in Polish early postmenopausal women using ultrasound measurement at the proximal phalanges of the hand. We assessed the ability of the method to discriminate between healthy and osteoporotic individuals, the influence of age and menopause on ultrasound values, the impact of hormone replacement therapy and the relationships between ultrasound measurement and type of fracture. Five hundred and three early postmenopausal women were divided into three groups: (1) healthy (n = 398, mean age 53.4 years), (2) fractured (n = 43, mean age 53.9 years), (3) treated with estrogens (n = 62, mean age 53.5 years). Groups were matched for age and years since menopause (YSM). Group 2 was subdivided into those with and without wrist fracture. No drugs except estrogens were used by the subjects studied and no diseases known to affect bone metabolism were observed. Bone status was assessed by a DBM Sonic 1200 (Igea, Italy), a device that measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) at the proximal phalanges II-V of the hand. AD-SoS had the highest value in estrogen-treated women (1996.5 +/- 66.5 m/s), the lowest in fractured persons (1883.6 +/- 77.1 m/s) and a medium value in healthy women (1949.2 +/- 78.0 m/s). All values were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0001). AD-SoS values for the subgroups of group 2 were 1873.0 +/- 80.6 m/s for those with wrist fracture and 1914.0 +/- 73.0 m/s for those without; they were not statistically different. The hypothesis that AD-SoS at the proximal phalanges might be more sensitive to wrist fracture was not confirmed by Fisher's exact test for frequencies. Linear regression showed age-related changes, with r values -0.4 (p < 0.00001), -0.47 (p < 0.005), -0.37 (p < 0.005), and YSM-related changes, with r values of -0.44 (p < 0.00001), -0.32 (p < 0.005), and -0.18 (NS) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It is concluded that: (1) ultrasound measurements of the proximal phalanges were able to discriminate between healthy and osteoporotic individuals; (2) the method is useful in detecting age and postmenopause-related changes within the skeleton; and (3) hormone replacement therapy significantly reduced the impact of the menopause on bone loss as detected by ultrasound.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[Alendronate--a new drug for treatment of osteoporosis].

Bisphosphonates are new drugs in the therapy of osteoporosis. Till now, several drugs were described, among them alendronate. General features of bisphosphonates and some recent results of clinical trials are presented. The authors conclude, that alendronate is a well tolerated new treatment option reducing the risk and severity of new vertebral fractures, reducing the risk of nonvertebral fractures, and reducing the height loss.

Alendronate↗
PubMed1997

[Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda--case report].

The case of type IA of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda was described. Following results were presented: anamnesy, physical, ophthalmic and ORL examinations, laboratory findings, radiological and densitometric data. Clinical characteristic and mentioned above examinations allowed to take the definitive diagnosis. Family data showed features of this disease in the next generations and should be a base for diagnostic evaluation in whole family. Confirmation of diagnosis ought to be the important information concerning future life style, work etc. in the next generations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗