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Biomedical subjects

B Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to B Eriksson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Relation of colloid concentration to volume expansion for resuscitation of rats subjected to intestinal ischemic shock.

This study was undertaken to determine the volumes of colloids (albumin and dextran 40) with concentrations varying from 0% (Ringer's solution) to 10% solutions required to obtain the same hemodilution. Shock was produced in rats by exteriorization of the small intestine with added complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric vessels with a rubber clamp. After 1 h the clamp was removed, the intestines returned, and the abdomen closed. Over a 6-h period, the fluids were infused continuously in volumes needed to maintain similar hematocrit. Each concentration was given over a wide range of volumes in order to obtain volume-hematocrit curves. Based on these curves, the effect of varying colloid concentration on blood volume expansion was calculated. Albumin and dextran 40 had similar volume expansion/g colloid substance regardless of concentration. When hematocrit of 50% was chosen, as an arbitrary endpoint for volume infusion, the colloid concentration in relation to volume required to be infused is expressed by the equation F50 (formula: see text) where C = colloid concentration and where F50 is the volume factor, or the number of times the volume required for a 10% solution, when a 10% solution is given the volume factor of 1. This relationship is now being used to find the optimal colloid concentration with regard to survival rate in animals subjected to the same intestinal shock.

Albumins↗
PubMed1982

Statistical evaluation of plasma substitutes based on 10 variables.

Inasmuch as no single variable is able to predict the outcome or evaluate the effect of various treatments used for resuscitation of shock, a statistical method was applied to evaluate several plasma substitutes by a numerical system based on 10 different hemodynamic and metabolic variables. Shock was induced in 60 dogs by laparatomy and exteriorization of the small intestines. After 3 h, the intestine was returned and the abdomen closed. Fluid infusion was then given during a 20-min period. Measurements were carried out during the next 4 h. Seven therapeutic agents were studied in 7 groups: control (no infusion); Ringer's acetate; gelatin; dextran-40; dextran-70; ACD-plasma; albumin. Variables included: cardiac output, oxygen consumption, plasma volume, hematocrit, skeletal muscle capillary blood flow and permeability surface area, arterial blood pH and base excess, mean arterial blood pressure, and the extravascular water gain. Dextran-40, dextran-70, and albumin restored an average of 7 variables to values above the preshock median value. Gelatin and plasma restored 4 variables and Ringer's acetate restored 3 variables. When no infusion was given, no variable was restored and the animals remained in shock. It is concluded that 3.5% colloid solutions of dextran-40, dextran-70, and albumin are more effective than plasma, gelatin, and Ringer's acetate in this order.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

IgE screening in 1701 newborn infants and the development of atopic disease during infancy.

IgE screening was done using the Phadebas IgE PRIST technique on the cord blood of 1701 newborn infants. Of these 8.3% developed obvious or probable atopic disease, predominantly atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma, during the first 18 months of life. Of infants with a family history of atopic disease 10.5% developed such illness; the corresponding figure for infants with an initially high IgE concentration was 70%. Atopic disease developed in 73% of infants with a high IgE concentration in cord blood and a family history, but in only 3% of infants with a low IgE and no family history. A high IgE concentration in cord blood was associated with a high IgE and a positive radioallergosorbent test at between ages 18 and 24 months more often than was a low initial IgE level, indicating that in man as in animals there are high and low IgE responders already genetically coded at birth. IgE screening in cord blood is recommended if there is obvious atopy in both parents or if severe atopic disease if present in a sibling or in one parent.

Fetal Blood↗
PubMed1982

Microangiographic pattern in the small intestine of the cat after irradiation.

The microangiographic pattern in the experimentally irradiated small intestine of the cat was studied with two different techniques: infusion of Micropac and X-ray exposure on Kodak spectroscopic plates, and infusion of India ink and clearing the tissue as described by Spalteholtz. Bowels were irradiated with 10 to 30 Gy and examined from 4 days up to 4 months after irradiation. During the acute gastrointestinal radiation injury the mucosa was denuded and the microangiographic pattern strongly divergent from normal. After regeneration the vascular pattern depended on the dose given. After up to 15 Gy the vascular pattern looked quite normal even after 4 months. After higher doses and poor mucosal regeneration the vascular pattern did not return to normal. With 30 Gy no regeneration of the mucosal vascular pattern took place. Decreased vascularity was observed in all layers of the bowel. Variation in luminal width and obstruction of vessels were more frequent with higher doses.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

A semiquantitative histological method to estimate acute and chronic radiation injury in the small intestine of the cat.

To study the radiation injury in the small bowel of the cat after doses close to and above the threshold for chronic radiation injury (15 Gy), an attempt was made to quantify these changes. For this purpose a semiquantitative method was developed by using 13 different histological alterations that were considered to mirror the acute and chronic radiation changes in the mucosa. Fibrosis was difficult to quantify; micrometric measurements of the bowel wall and its different layers were therefore carried out. The histological alterations were tabulated in increasing degree of severity. The sum of points of registered alterations in the specimen yielded scores that together with the micrometric measurements made it possible to differentiate specimens irradiated with high doses from those irradiated with low doses. The method may be valuable in estimating radiation injury in surgical specimens and in experimental studies of radiation injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro: differences in adhesive capacity among strains isolated from subjects with otitis media, septicemia, or meningitis or from healthy carriers.

A method was developed to study the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Epithelial cells from healthy persons, pneumococcal strains from patients with otitis media, meningitis, or septicemia, and pneumococcal cells from the nasopharynx of healthy carriers were used. Adhesion was found to be influenced by changes in the bacterial incubation medium and growth phase, the concentration of bacteria and epithelial cells, the epithelial cell donor, the incubation time and temperature, and the pH and osmolarity of the incubation medium. Pretreatment of bacteria with heat, Formalin, or trypsin decreased adhesion. The highest adhesion was obtained when 10(9) bacteria cultivated for 18 h in streptococcus cultivation broth were added to 10(4) pharyngeal cells and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. S. pneumoniae strains from patients with frequent episodes of otitis media and strains from healthy carriers had the highest adhesion values; septicemia and meningitis strains had the lowest. The capsular polysaccharide type did not determine the adhesive capacity of the strains, but otitis strains belonging to the capsular types often associated with otitis media adhered in high numbers. Adhesion may be important for pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx or inducing otitis media.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1981

Chordoma. A clinicopathologic and prognostic study of a Swedish national series.

Chordoma is a rare tumor with slow growth developing from remnants of the notochord and thus appears in close relation to the axial skeleton. A Swedish national series collected over a period of 13 years, comprising 51 patients with a follow-up time of 8-20 years, was studied. Histologically all tumors had a typical appearance except two, which had characteristics of "chondroid chordoma". Fifty-seven per cent of the tumors were located in the sacrococcygeal region, 27 per cent in the spheno-occipital region and 16 per cent in the vertebrae. The peak age incidence was in the 6th and 7th decades. Male: female ratio was 1:1. The main symptoms were pain and neurologic disturbances. Skeletal destruction was noted radiographically in most instances. Intratumoral calcifications were rarely seen. The treatment was surgery, radiotherapy or a combination of these. There was only one long-term survivor without evidence of disease, a patient operated on for cervical chordoma 14 years earlier. Six other patients lived 8-18 years after diagnosis with chordoma. All other patients were dead; 39 died of chordoma, five of unrelated causes. Distant metastases were noted in 29 per cent. Chordoma constituted 17.5 per cent of all primary malignant bone tumors of the axial skeleton. The yearly incidence was 0.51 per million inhabitants in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pyrophosphate analogues as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase.

Twenty nine pyrophosphate analogues have been tested for their ability to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase activity. The structural requirements for active inhibitors and their mechanism of action have been investigated. Active compounds had two negatively charged groups at close proximity. The most active compounds contained free phosphono and/or carboxyl groups. Apart from phosphonoformate and phosphonoacetate, which were strong inhibitors, some other analogues, 2-phosphonopropionate, 2-phenylphosphonoacetate, oxalate, carbonyldiphosphate, methanehydroxy-diphosphonate and hypophosphate also inhibited the HSV-1 DNA polymerase activity. With the exception of hypophosphate the tested compounds inhibited the activity of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha to a lesser extent than the activity of the HSV-1 DNA polymerase. All inhibitors gave linear uncompetitive inhibition of HSV-1 DNA polymerase with activated DNA as variable substrate. With the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates as variable substrates all inhibitors except hypophosphate gave linear non-competitive inhibition patterns. Hypophosphate caused a more competitive type of inhibition. The inhibition constants for the active compounds have been determined. Phosphonoformate, phosphonoacetate, methanehydroxydiphosphonate and hypophosphate also inhibited HSV-1 plaque formation in cell culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin. Analysis of 921 reports.

Reports on adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin today are common in Sweden and constitute 10 to 12 percent of all incoming reports. We present an analysis of 921 reports of adverse reactions received by the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee during the period 1966--1976. The two largest groups consist of reports of acute pulmonary reactions (43 percent) and allergic reactions (42 percent). The remaining reports fall into any of four smaller groups, chronic pulmonary reactions, liver damage, blood dyscrasias or neuropathy. Acute pulmonary and acute allergic reactions in all aspects are very similar and carry the characteristics of an acute hypersensitivity reaction. The increasing number of reports--even in relation to sales figures--would be best explained by a continuous sensitization. Chronic pulmonary reactions (interstitial pneumonitis) afflict older patients, often after prolonged treatment with relatively small doses. We suggest that these reactions are elicited by a toxic mechanism. Seventy-one percent of all reactions were severe enough to cause the patient's hospitalization; only 1 percent was fatal. The risk of an adverse reaction varies with sex and age, increases with age and is higher in women than in men. The time has come for a re-evaluation of nitrofurantoin and its role in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Oxygen consumption and recovery from surgical shock in rats: a comparison of the efficacy of different plasma substitutes.

Shock was induced in 537 rats by exteriorization of the intestines and occlusion of the superior mesenteric circulation for 1 hour. After 1 hour of this intestinal ischemia shock, oxygen consumption (VO2) decreased to half of the preexperimental values. When no infusion was given, the survival rate at 24 hours was 22%; this was correlated with the degree of restoration of VO2 at 1 hour after shock. VO2 and survival rate improved with infusion of albumin, dextran 40, and dextran 40, and dextran 70. With increasing doses of colloids, both VO2 and survival rate increased; the optimal effect was at the dose of 2 g/kg body weight. When no other therapy was given, colloids at concentrations of 3.5 or 6% solutions had a better effect on survival than the 10% solution. Colloids were more effective than Ringer's acetate when the latter was given in the same volume and up to three times the volume of the colloids.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of herpesvirus mutants resistant to phosphonoformate and phosphonoacetate.

Mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, resistant to phosphonoformate (PFA) and phosphonoacetate (PAA), have been selected in cell culture. The PFA-resistant mutant (HSV-PFA(r)) and the PAA-resistant mutant (HSV-PAA(r)) were also resistant to PAA and PFA, respectively. This cross-resistance indicates that PFA and PAA interact at the same site. The HSV-PFA(r) had a decreased susceptibility to vidarabine, but no difference in sensitivity to idoxuridine (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) was observed when compared to the wild type. The induced deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases isolated from cells infected with HSV-PFA(r) and HSV-PAA(r) were both cross-resistant to inhibition by PFA and PAA. No increased resistance to vidarabine triphosphate could be observed, but the susceptibility to inhibition by pyrophosphate was about two times lower. None of the mutants showed any increased temperature sensitivity

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1979

Children with supernumerary X-chromosome. A ten-year follow-up study of schoolchildren in special classes.

Pupils from special school classes affected by supernumerary X-chromosomes (eight girls and eighteen boys) were subjected to a follow-up study over a period of ten years. The risks of social behaviour disturbances, criminality and alcohol abuse were studied, together with that of mental disorder. In the case of the girls no statistically significant differences were found. For the boys, the only difference of statistical significance was that the Klinefelter boys showed a lower frequency of social behaviour disturbances that their controls.

Adolescent↗