Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Eriksson.
Trisodium phosphonoformate selectively inhibits cell-free DNA polymerase activity induced by herpesvirus. The new inhibitor has an antiviral effect on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, pseudorables virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cell culture. It has a good therapeutic activity against cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs.
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) strongly inhibited RNA synthesis in mouse liver under conditions when the nucleotide pattern, rate of nucleotide synthesis and phosphorylation ratio were unaffected. (An unidentified, probably non-nucleotide, component in the acid-soluble liver fraction was selectively reduced.) The inhibition of RNA synthesis was associated with a decrease in the RNA polymerase activity of isolated liver nuclei, well established already 45 min after DMNA administration. The reduced activity included both Mg2+- and Mn2+/(NH4)2SO4-stimulated polymerase functions. The inhibition in vivo involved the whole complement of RNA, including poly (A)-containing RNA and isolated poly(A) sequences. The transfer of labelled RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was not impaired. There was no detachment of poly(A)-containing RNA from the microsomes, and the proportion of tightly membrane-bound microsomal RNA and poly(A) sequences was not reduced as determined by use of a flotation technique. No breakage or shortening of the poly(A) chains was indicated by sedimentation analysis.
Based on nine patients 4 to 26 years of age, we describe the clinical characteristics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. This disorder was characterized by an insidious onset of fever, local swelling and pain in affected bones, and radiologic findings suggesting osteomyelitis. The lesions were mainly localized to the clavicles and the metaphyses of tubular bones. The clinical course was characterized by intermittent periods of exacerbation and improvement over several years. Six of the patients had recurrent pustulosis palmaris and plantaris, which closely parallelled the exacerbations of the bone lesions. Biopsies from the bone lesions showed nonspecific inflammatory changes with granulocytic infiltration. Repeated bacterial and fungal cultivations from blood, bone biopsies, and pustules were negative. Immunologic investigation revealed no abnormality common to the patients. There was no indications of a genetic etiology. The pathogenesis of the disorder is unknown. Antibiotic treatment had no obvious effect but corticosteroid therapy appeared to be of benefit in some patients. The long-term prognosis appears to be relatively good.
The ability to adhere to normal human uroepithelial cells was compared for Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of girls with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria, and from the stools of school children without bacteriuria. Strains from those with acute pyelonephritis had high adhesive ability, whereas strains from those with acute cystitis had intermediate and strains from girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria or from normal feces had low adhesive ability. Strains of serogroup O4K12 had good adherence regardless of origin. E. coli of the eight O groups commonly found in patients with acute pyelonephritis adhered more than did strains of other O groups. Spontaneously agglutinating strains had less adhesive ability than did the O-typable ones.
Thirty patients with locally advanced, nonresectable, nonmetastatic cancer in the peripancreatic region, stomach and colorectum-anus, to be treated with radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, were randomized to receive standard diet and either usual between-meal feedings or 300 calories tid of a high nitrogen elemental diet. Although weight loss associated with radiation therapy was not significantly reduced in those receiving the nutritional supplement, delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses tended to improve in patients receiving the elemental dietary supplement and to deteriorate in controls. Planned radiation therapy was completed in all nutritionally supported patients. One control patient expired shortly after treatment was halted abruptly, and three other control patients required rescue by total parenteral nutrition.
Changes in numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals were calculated from samples collected before and after parenteral administration of adrenaline, insulin and hydrocortisone, respectively. A marked increase in circulating lymphocytes was noted in response to adrenaline and insulin. However, subpopulation analysis showed a decrease in the proportion of T-lymphocytes, estimated as cells forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells after incubation in the cold and a corresponding increase in proportion of lymphocytes having receptors for C3 (non-T lymphocytes). In contrast, lymphocyte numbers were unaffected by hydrocortisone. The results indicate that a decreased proportion of circulating T-lymphocytes and an increase of non-T-lymphocytes may be the result of adaptive changes in response to various forms of stress and hence is to be expected in several clinical conditions.
Ribavirin 5'-triphosphate (RTP), derived from the broad-spectrum antiviral compound ribavirin (Virazole), can selectively inhibit influenza virus ribonucleic acid polymerase in a cell-free assay. Ribavirin and its 5'-monophosphate have no effect on the polymerase. The inhibition is competitive with respect to adenosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate. RTP also inhibits ApG- and GpC-stimulated influenza virus ribonucleic acid polymerase. Since ribavirin is phosphorylated in the cell, the inhibition of influenza multiplication in the cell may also be caused by RTP.
Optimal conditions for in vitro adherence of Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells, previously shown to more efficient for strains causing acute symptomatic than that for strains causing "asymptomatic" urinary tract infections, were investigated. Uroepithelial cells from fresh morning urine of healthy individuals and E. coli bacteria from patients with various forms of urinary tract infeciton were used. Adhesion was found to vary, between individuals and epithelial cell types, with epithelial cell viability, bacterial cultivation medium and growth phase, number of bacteria added to the epithelial cells, and incubation time and temperature. Adhesion was also influenced by variations in pH and osmolarity. Optimal test conditions were obtained with post-log-phase bacterial cultures grown on nutrient broth when 10(8) bacteria were added to 10(5) epithelial cells and incubated for 60 min. Considerable variation was found between experiments done on different days, whereas the variation between duplicates was small. The method described may provide a useful tool in the study of the host-parasite relationship in urinary tract infections.
A man charged with a sexual offence was found to have complex karyotype anomaly, including a Y-chromosome of aberrant structure. Other features were: very small stature, skeletal deformities and obscure neurological defects. There were no gross psychiatric symptoms, nor was there mental retardation. Q- and G-banding and photometric scanning of the chromosomes of the propositus and his three healthy brothers indicated that the aberrant Y-chromosome probably arose from a reciprocal translocation, which may be written: t(Y: Y) (qter leads to p11: : q11 leads to qter). Fibroblast cultures differed from the lymphocytes: in the former the majority of the cells lacked the abnormal Y-chromosome, their karyotype being 45,X0.
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