PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Hainau

Publications and source records attributed to B Hainau.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lewis a antigen in transitional cell tumors of the urinary bladder.

The failure of A,B,H antigens as prognostic parameters in noninvasive bladder cancer of blood group O individuals, who constitute 44% of the population, encouraged the evaluation of the closely related Lewis a antigen. Ninety-three tumors of the urinary bladder were stained employing the Tween 20 (Merck)-modified immunoperoxidase staining technique and serial dilution of monoclonal anti-Lewis a antibodies. On the basis of recent findings in non-neoplastic ureter urothelium of erythrocyte Lea+b-, Lea-b+, and Lea-b- individuals, alterations in tumors, except eight from Lea-b- individuals, were quantified on a scale from 0 (normal) to 3 (total loss). Scores were related to the pathologic stage and grade (P less than 0.01), and, in stage Pa tumors, to the clinical course: recurrence rate (P less than 0.10), stroma invasive recurrence, and/or papillomatosis (P less than 0.05). Although further studies are needed the current study points to Lewis a antigen determination as an advantageous prognostic tool in stage Pa tumors of the urinary bladder of Lea-b+ and Lea+b- individuals, who, together, constitute 94% of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A, B, H antigen expression in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder.

The prognostic value of A, B, H blood group antigen determination in superficial bladder cancer is unclear. Recent immunohistochemical studies employing monoclonal antibodies and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA-I) (Vector) have shown that A, B, H detectability and distribution in non-neoplastic urothelium are influenced by methodologic factors and, most importantly, by the secretor status. The authors investigated the A, B, H antigen in 93 tumors of the urinary bladder (78 secretors, 15 nonsecretors) and semiquantified the alterations from the expected normal expression on a scale from 0 to 3. Four O saliva nonsecretors as expected showed no staining and were excluded. Eighty tumors showed abnormal A, B, H expression and in 37 of these, A, B, H antigens were not detected. Tumors of A and O individuals showed statistically different reactivities, probably related to differences in the specificity of the employed A- and H-reagents. A, B, H expression was influenced by stage and grade (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.10) and was correlated to the clinical course of A but not O patients. These results, suggesting that alterations in the A, B, H expression occur early in the neoplastic development and follow the synthetic pathways in an opposite direction, emphasize that reagents recognizing blood group precursor substances, common to all individuals irrespective of the ABO and saliva secretor types, may increase the prognostic accuracy of blood group antigen determination in bladder cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural investigation of anaplastic salivary gland carcinomas in Eskimos.

Ultrastructural investigation of 19 malignant lymphoepithelial salivary gland tumors in Greenland Eskimos disclosed evidence of epithelial origin of the tumor cells in 18 cases. Furthermore, tumor cells exhibited markers of squamous cell differentiation in 16 cases. Signs of adenomatous differentiation were never encountered. Thus, the malignant lymphoepithelial tumor of salivary glands is the ultrastructural counterpart to the nasopharyngeal anaplastic carcinoma (malignant lymphoepithelioma), both being high-grade squamous cell carcinomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nonobstructive detrusor myopathy in a group of patients with chronic abacterial cystitis.

Chronic abacterial cystitis is clinically and pathoanatomically an ill-defined condition, presenting with a variety of urologic symptoms and often nonspecific histology. A retrospective histologic analysis of bladder biopsies from 101 patients with chronic abacterial cystitis revealed degenerative changes in the detrusor muscle cells (detrusor myopathy) in 25 of them. The changes were often very severe, and even fatty replacement of muscle tissue was seen. Retrospective analysis of the symptoms, urodynamics and cystoscopic findings in these patients showed that none had haematuria, but five (all women) had had urinary retention requiring catheterization. Significant residual urine was found in nine patients, and the cystometrograms showed a shift to the right. No patient had infravesical obstruction. At cystoscopy less than half of the patients had petechial bleeding after bladder distension. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the degenerative changes are unknown, despite theoretic speculation. The authors conclude that careful histologic examination can identify different clinical types of chronic abacterial cystitis. Such studies may assist future research into the nature of the problem and also the search for more rational therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Permeability and ultrastructure of human bladder epithelium.

Leakage of tight junctions as observed with electron microscopy and demonstration of solute transport across bladder epithelium was investigated in 13 patients with different bladder diseases: urinary retention and infection, bladder tumours and interstitial cystitis. The latter group showed consistent leakage of solutes through the urothelium. Electron microscopy revealed leaky tight junctions. This finding might be helpful in establishing the histological criteria and explain the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Haemostatic effect of prednisolone in thrombocytopenia.

In a short-time study, 8 patients with thrombocytopenia and clinical signs of bleeding were experimentally treated with prednisolone as the only therapeutic measure to control the bleeding tendency. 2 patients had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and 6 acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. 1 of the leukaemic patients was thrombocytopenic on admission. 5 had thrombocytopenia due to antileukaemic chemotherapy. The capillary fragility test, evaluated blindly, and bleeding time determination were performed just before treatment and repeated once after 2-4 d of treatment. Platelet counts were carried out simultaneously. Capillary resistance, determined by the capillary fragility test, improved greatly during the administration of prednisolone, irrespective of the platelet count, and no serious bleeding occurred. The bleeding time remained prolonged.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Electron microscopy of trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsies.

The purpose of the study was to find out whether electron microscopy (EM) was possible on tumour cells obtained by trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNB). In a consecutive series of 105 FNB light microscopic (LM) evaluation of the aspirate demonstrated tumour cells in 67 cases. In 43/67 cases (64%) it was possible to make an ultrastructural diagnosis on part of the FNB. In none of the 43 cases did the EM and LM of FNB diagnosis disagree as to major tumour cell type. However, in 11/43 cases EM of the FNB was able to contribute to a more specific histogenetic morphological tumour diagnosis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1980

Cytoplasmic regulation of tight-junction permeability: effect of plant cytokinins.

The significance of the "leaky" tight junction might be understood better if cells of the epithelial monolayer possessed mechanisms to regulate molecular flow through the junction. To test this possibility, Necturus gallbladder, a representative leaky epithelium, was studied before, during, and after mucosal exposure to plant cytokinins and two other microfilament-active drugs, cytochalasin B and phalloidin. Concomitant with morphological changes in microfilaments, cytokinins induced rapid reversible increases in transepithelial resistance and potential difference (PD) and decreases in NaCl dilution potentials, with no change in the ratio of relative cell membrane resistances. Cytochalasin B (0.2-1.2 microM) and phalloidin (0.6-12.7 microM) caused similar changes in transepithelial resistance and PD. When the intramembranous structure of tight junctions was studied by freeze fracture, peak cytokinin-induced increments in transepithelial resistance were associated with more disorder in the strand meshwork resulting in a small increase in tight junction depth, but there was no evidence of de novo strand assembly. These studies suggest that permeability of the tight junction of Necturus gallbladder is subject to rapid reversible modulation, possibly under cytoskeletal control.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bilateral bone-marrow examinations in small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung.

Bilateral bone-marrow examinations from the posterior iliac crests were routinely performed as a pretreatment staging procedure in 89 consecutive patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Bone-marrow involvement was found in 20 patients (22.5%), in 9 (10.1%) only on one side, and in 11 (12.4%) on both sides. Aspiration was found to be significantly superior to biopsy, being positive in 25 examinations as compared with 14 positive biopsies. Compared with unilateral bone-marrow examination the positive findings increased by approximately 30%. Bilateral bone-marrow examinations are recommended in patients in whom the detection of bone-marrow metastases will have therapeutic implications.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Luminal plasma membrane organization in rat urinary bladder urothelium after direct exposure in vivo to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

Adult female rat urinary bladders were exposed to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo. After 12 weeks, urothelial hyperplasia was established. Ultrastructural changes of the luminal plasma membrane were studied with thin sectioning and freeze-fracturing techniques. The mosaic pattern which is a characteristic specialization of the normal luminal plasma membrane and of cytoplasmic vesicles disappeared. The plasma membrane of the transformed urothelium was indistinguishable from an undifferentiated membrane in the following respects: thickness; apparent symmetry in cross-section; and distribution of intramembranous particles. Zonulae occludentes became permeable to colloidal lanthanum and appeared disassembled, while desmosomes developed concomitantly. These membrane changes implicate increased permeability and less adaptability of urothelial function to mechanical stress caused by bladder volume changes. The increased desmosome formation may indicate that squamous metaplasia is a feature of early malignant urothelium transformation. It is proposed that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treatment induces a change in the plasma membrane assembly and specialization.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Peritoneoscopy in the staging of 190 patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with special reference to subtyping.

Peritoneoscopy with liver biopsy was routinely done as a pretreatment staging procedure in 190 patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Subtyping of the patients according to the WHO classification included 28.3% with fusiform cell type (WHO II,1), 28.9% with polygonal cell type (WHO II,2), 41.5% with lymphocytelike cell type (WHO II,3) and 1.3% with mixed types (WHO II, 4). Liver metastases were found in 21% of the patients with adequate liver biopsy. In addition macroscopic signs of liver metastases were observed in 9%. No significant differences were observed among the histological subtypes. Liver function tests, such as alkaline phosphatase, LDH and GOT, were of little value in excluding liver metastases. On the other hand, 2 of 3 abnormal liver function tests were highly indicative of liver metastases. In patients with positive liver biopsy, 41% had liver metastases alone and 76% had no other evidence of distant metastatic disease if bone-marrow involvement identified with bone marrow examination is excluded as a staging procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Bone-marrow examination in the staging of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung with special reference to subtyping. An evaluation of 203 consecutive patients.

Histologic examination of bone-marrow from the posterior iliac crest was routinely done as a pretreatment staging procedure in 203 consecutive patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Subtyping of the patients according to the WHO classification included 27.8% with "fusiform" cell type (WHO II,1), 28.3% with "polygonal" cell type (WHO II,2), 42.8% with "lymphocyte-like" cell type (WHO II,3), and 1.1% with mixed types (WHO II,4). Bone-marrow involvement was found in 17.2%. No significant difference was observed among the histological subtypes with regard to bone-marrow involvement. A comparison of bone-marrow biopsy and aspiration in patients investigated with both procedures showed that aspiration alone was diagnostic in nine of 24 (38%) positive patients as compared with two of 24 (8%) with biopsy alone, while in the remaining 13 patients (54%) both procedures were positive. Of the 35 patients with positive bone-marrow examination, 77% had no other evidence of distant metastatic disease if liver metastases identified by peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy are excluded as a staging procedure. With the exception of thrombocytopenia which was observed in six patients, with bone-marrow metastases, hematological findings were of little value in detecting bone-marrow involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cell proliferation and histologic classification of bronchogenic carcinoma.

The rate of cell proliferation of 99 bronchogenic carcinomas (94 primary tumors and 5 metastases) was evaluated from the labeling index after in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine; the rate was then correlated with the histologic tumor type according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cell proliferation was significantly slower in adenocarcinoma (WHO type III) than in squamous cell carcinoma (WHO type I), small cell anaplastic carcinoma (WHO type II), and large cell carcinoma (WHO type IV). Cells proliferated at a significantly higher rate in large cell carcinoma than in the squamous cell type, whereas no significant difference was observed between the other cell types. Dedifferentiated forms of squamous cell carcinomas had a higher rate of cell proliferation than did differentiated forms of the same cell type. Metastases of small cell anaplastic carcinoma did not differ in cell proliferation from primary tumors of the same cell type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Blastic transformation of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Clinical manifestations, prognostic factors and results of therapy.

21 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) have been followed closely during and after development of blastic transformation (BT). Severe fatigue in previously asymptomatic patients was the most frequently observed prodrome of transformation. Most significant clinical findings were anaemia, rapidly increasing WBC and increasing size of the spleen in patients with previously well-controlled CML. 11 out of 24 patients responded to chemotherapy and had a median survival of 3 months, 6 obtained a complete remission (CR). Median survival time for all patients was 2 months from BT. Quality of life after BT was in most cases inferior. Thus, only 5 patients spent more than 1 month outside hospital. Cytomorphological classification of blasts in marrow as granular or agranular showed no correlation to the results of chemotherapy or to survival.

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

Combination chemotherapy of an APUDoma. With special reference to the therapeutic value of monitoring hormonal substances.

Investigations are presented on the occurrence of tumour products during combination chemotherapy of a 49-year-old female with an APUDoma metastatic to the liver. Calcitonin was demonstrated in high concentration in the tumour tissue. Serum calcitonin, serum histaminase and 5-HIAA in a 24-hour urine sample increased immediately after the administration of cytotoxic agents, falling subsequently below the pretreatment level. These findings indicate a therapeutic effect with lysis of tumour cells. Continuous determination of the three tumour substances showed an increase in these products before clinical suspicion of progression. Electron microscopic examination during the initial course disclosed the tumour to be an APUDoma. Autopsy failed to disclose a primary site outside the liver. Further autopsy findings were an adenoma of the thyroid and a chromofobe adenoma of the pituitary, thus assigning the patient to type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗