PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Jonsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Jonsson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cross-sectional growth of children whose mothers abused amphetamines during pregnancy.

Growth of 65 children whose mothers were addicted to amphetamines during pregnancy was followed prospectively from birth to eight years of age. At birth, one and four years of age, mean weight, height and head circumference were below the mean for Swedish children and significantly so in girls. A statistically significant correlation was found in both sexes between impaired growth and social factors such as stress index, increasing number of siblings, length of maternal cohabitation and abuse in maternal relatives.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1994

Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization and chronic lung disease.

We studied Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in 93 intubated infants (gestational ages 23-40 weeks) in our neonatal intensive care unit by obtaining cultures from endotracheal aspirate and nasopharynx during their first week of life. Eighteen infants had positive cultures, giving a colonization rate of 19%. No infant more than 30 weeks' gestation had a positive culture. The infants with positive cultures had a significantly lower gestational age and birth weight (p < 0.009 and p < 0.005), with a colonization rate of 33% in infants less than 1000 g. Among the infants with positive cultures, 10 of 17 developed chronic lung disease in contrast with 21 of 72 infants with negative cultures. The development of chronic lung disease and duration of oxygen requirement was strongly associated with immaturity but only weakly with Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

The quantification of bone tissue regeneration after electromagnetic stimulation.

In this study a titanium implant, the bone harvest chamber (BHC), was used to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic stimulation on osteogenesis. The BHC was inserted with a minimum of surgical trauma in the proximal tibial metaphysis in six adult lop-eared rabbits. Bone anchorage occurred after 4 weeks. After implant incorporation bone tissue was harvested at 3-week intervals with the implant in situ without killing the animal. The regenerated bone tissue was analysed by means of microradiography and densitometry. A test group and a control group each comprised six rabbits. The test group was stimulated with a 72-Hz electromagnetic field. Bone tissue was harvested from each tibia six times during the stimulation time and twice after the stimulation had been turned off. The control group had the same harvest procedure performed from one leg. Results showed that electromagnetic stimulation can maintain constant high osteogenetic activity. After the electromagnetic stimulation was turned off the osteogenetic activity diminished rapidly and osteogenesis was significantly lower than during stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Autonomic nervous modulation and effects of a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor on human cervical secretion.

Modulation of cervical secretion at ovulation time was studied in 10 women with regular menstruations. In an in-vivo model with repeated collection of mucus samples during three 90-min periods, the amounts of mucus in a control cycle and in three experimental cycles were compared. Drugs interacting with the autonomic nervous system and a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor were administered at time of ovulation. The cholinomimetic drug carbacholine significantly increased cervical secretion, while the anticholinergic drug butylscopolamine markedly inhibited this secretion. A long-lasting decrease in secretion was seen after administration of the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor diclofenac. Beside regulation of cervical secretion by the ovarian hormones, these results suggest an autonomic nervous modulation of cervical secretion, and in addition an impact on cervical by a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor. The effects on fertility regulation in the female are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Theoretical aspects of detection of bacteraemia as a function of the volume of blood cultured.

UNLABELLED: Clinically significant bacteraemia in adults is characterized by low numbers of circulating bacteria. Assuming a Poisson or a binomial distribution we have calculated the probability of detecting bacteria as a function of the concentration in blood, estimated the concentration of bacteria in blood from a given test result, and calculated the blood volume required to detect bacterial growth with a probability of 95% at a given mean number of colony-forming units (cfu) per sample unit. These theoretical assumptions have been used on an empirical population of patients with proven bacteraemia. RESULTS: 18% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemias and 29% of Escherichia coli bacteraemias have circulating bacteria with an estimated spread of less than 0.04 cfu/ml. With a 95% probability of detection of a bacteraemia, a concentration in blood corresponding to 3 cfu/sampling unit is necessary. In our empirical material, where 30 ml was cultured, the probability of detection of E. coli bacteraemias would have decreased by 11% if 20 ml had been cultured, and 27% if only 10 ml had been cultured. The corresponding figures for S. aureus were 6% and 15%, respectively. For low grade E. coli bacteraemias (< 0.04 cfu/ml) the decrease would have been 33% and 67%, respectively.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

A conceptual model for work-related neck and upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders.

This paper presents a conceptual model for the pathogenesis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The model contains sets of cascading exposure, dose, capacity, and response variables, such that response at one level can act as dose at the next. Response to one or more doses can diminish or increase the capacity for responding to successive doses. The model is used as a framework for discussing the development of work-related muscle, tendon, and nerve disorders. It is intended as a beginning, to be modified to explain new findings as they become available. In research, it can help to identify areas needing additional data for the development and expression of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Researchers can use it to design laboratory and field studies. In practice, it demonstrates the relationship between common exposure factors and different responses. This information can be used to evaluate and design jobs for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Trapezius muscle pressure pain threshold and strain in the neck and shoulder regions during repetitive light work.

Perceived musculoskeletal discomfort caused by the repetition of a light work task was examined by rating the perceived musculoskeletal discomfort and measuring the muscle pressure pain threshold. Thirteen healthy female workers performed a repetitive light work task for 120 minutes. Based on the perceived musculoskeletal discomfort during the work task the subjects were assigned to one of two groups, i.e., those who reported most complaints and those who reported fewest complaints. The pressure pain thresholds of the trapezius muscles in the most-complaining group were significantly lower than those in the least-complaining group. The pressure pain threshold was logarithmically correlated both with the perceived musculoskeletal discomfort and with the EMG signal amplitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prognosis after early onset of ulcerative colitis. A study from an unselected patient population.

All patients with onset of ulcerative colitis before the age of 20 years from a population of 65,000 inhabitants were studied. The study period was 30 years (1961 through 1990). There were 32 patients, 18 male and 14 female, giving an incidence of 0.7 patients/100,000/year. Twenty-four patients had total colitis and 8 had limited disease. The observed duration of the disease was 0-30 (mean 18, median 20) years. One patient died of fulminant disease. No colorectal carcinoma was diagnosed. In 7 patients, low-grade dysplasia was diagnosed, which did not progress during an observation period of 2-10 years. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 6 patients. Seven patients (22%) were operated on after a disease duration of 0-10 (mean 4, median 3) years on clinical grounds. No cancer-prophylactic colectomy was performed. It is concluded that, in an unselected population of patients with early onset of ulcerative colitis, mortality and cancer risk are low. The need for operative treatment during the first 15 years of the disease was around 22 per cent. Endoscopic surveillance was given preference over prophylactic colectomy in patients with low-activity or quiescent disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Selective cytotoxic activity of cyclosporins against tumor cells from patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

A fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay was employed for the study of cyclosporin A induced cytotoxicity in tumor samples from patients with B type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Tumor cells from patients with B-CLL were found to be significantly more sensitive to the cytotoxic actions of cyclosporin A than normal blood mononuclear cells and tumor cells obtained from patients with different types of acute leukemia and solid tumors. The effect of cyclosporin A on B-CLL samples could be reproduced by a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A analogue. One B-CLL patient treated with cyclosporin A responded with a significant decrease in tumor mass and alleviation of anemia and B symptoms. The results show that cyclosporin A and its non-immunosuppressive analogues appear selectively toxic to B-CLL cells, an observation which may have clinical implications.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1992

In vitro analysis of drug resistance in tumor cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia.

A 72 hours fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) was used for the study of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in tumor cell suspensions from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). A marked heterogeneity with respect to sensitivity was observed for a panel of cytotoxic drugs tested in 76 samples from 60 patients with treated or untreated AML. Primary resistance to vincristine (Vcr) and prednisolone in untreated AML was observed as well as 'acquired' resistance to several other antileukemic drugs. Cross resistance patterns for AML active drugs revealed significant positive relationships between anthracyclines, VP16 and amsacrine (Amsa), whereas mitoxantrone (Mitox) was more weakly correlated. Sensitivity to cytosine arabinoside was unrelated to the anthracyclines, VP16, Amsa and Mitox but showed a significant relationship to 6-thioguanine. Several resistance modifying agents, including the novel non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A analogue PSC 833, were able to potentiate the effects of doxorubicin and Vcr at concentrations achievable in the clinic. However, the pattern of activity was heterogenous and the frequency of responsive samples was higher in relapse compared to de novo cases. Individual in vitro/in vivo correlations based on quartile distributions of all accumulated drug sensitivity data from AML patients indicated a high specificity with respect to the identification of drug resistance. The results suggest that the FMCA may provide clinically valuable information on chemotherapeutic drug resistance in AML.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

SDZ PSC-833--a novel potent in vitro chemosensitizer in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma cell lines and patient tumor samples with and without the expression of the classical multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype were investigated in vitro for drug induced cytotoxicity and modulation of drug resistance. Overall there was a good correlation in the cell lines between MDR expression, as measured by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein 170 (Pgp), and in vitro resistance to doxorubicin (dox) and vincristin (vcr). Drug resistance in the cell line RPMI 8226 dox 40, expressing a high level of Pgp, was almost completely reversed by the novel non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A (CsA) analog SDZ PSC-833 (PSC), while the chemosensitizers verapamil, CsA and quinine, in clinically achievable concentrations, were much less effective. In cell lines with low Pgp expression, PSC and the other chemosensitizers seem equally effective. The patient tumor samples were selected to represent different combinations of Pgp expression, drug resistance and effects of chemosensitizers. PSC and CsA appeared equally potent and resistance modulation was detected not only in Pgp positive, but also in Pgp negative tumor samples. Furthermore, in one case of a Pgp expression myeloma, chemosensitizers were without effect. These findings indicate the need to incorporate in vitro chemosensitivity assays with Pgp determination when the effects of MDR modulating chemosensitizers are to be studied in the clinic.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1992

Influence of prostaglandins and a prostaglandin H synthase inhibitor on cervical secretion of the guinea-pig.

The modulatory effects of several prostaglandins and a prostaglandin H synthase inhibitor (indomethacin) on basal as well as nerve stimulation induced secretion from the cervical glands of the guinea-pig were studied. Hypogastric nerve stimulation resulted in a secretory response of +113%. Indomethacin dose dependently inhibited this secretory response. Prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and I2 inhibited and 19-OH prostaglandin E1 reduced nerve stimulation induced secretion. Prostaglandin I2 and 19-OH PGE1 markedly enhanced basal secretion, while indomethacin as well as PGE2 and PGF2 alpha did not induce any secretion of cervical glands. However, PGF2 alpha in combination with the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine resulted in an increase in secretion. The inhibitory effect of prostaglandins on cholinergic secretory innervation might be due to stimulation of adrenergic nerves exerting an inhibitory influence on cholinergic secretomotor innervation. It is suggested that PGI2 and 19-OH PGE1 exert postjunctional stimulatory effects on the secretory lining and that a lack of secretory effect of PGF2 alpha at least in part may be due to stimulatory effects on adrenergic neurons, inhibiting cholinergic secretomotor transmission. Thus, in this in vitro study it is shown that metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade and a prostaglandin H synthase inhibitor can modulate cervical secretion and thus maybe influence fertilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Locomotion status and costs in destructive rheumatoid arthritis. A comprehensive study of 82 patients from a population of 13,000.

Clinical manifestations (locomotion score) and annual costs were studied in a population-based cohort of 82 patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling five to eight American Rheumatological Association's (ARA) criteria. The total costs were SEK 4.9 million: respectively 56 and 44 percent direct and indirect costs. The costs were correlated with total, as well as subjective and objective, locomotion scores, which assess separately impairment, disability, and handicap from the disease (WHO 1980). Patients below 65 years had higher costs-predominantly as an indirect cost due to loss of work-than older patients. Elderly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients had a low score and high costs for medical and social services' care, but they had no indirect costs. Patients with a low locomotion score had received previous hospital treatment averaging 89 days. The need of hospital treatment was strongly correlated with low locomotion score. The mean annual patient's costs were about SEK 60,000, but above this for younger patients. When compared with patients with a mild affliction (score 91-100), patients with moderate manifestations, i.e., with a score of 70-90, had five times higher costs, whereas those with severe manifestations, with a score below 50, had 20 times higher costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Feasibility of the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) for cytotoxic drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The automated fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) was used for chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity testing of fresh and cryopreserved tumor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis and relapse. The technique success rate was 87% for fresh and 81% for cryopreserved samples. Up to 16 different cytotoxic drugs were routinely tested, but neither asparaginase nor methotrexate produced dose-response related cell kill. FMCA data showed good correlation to the well established Disc assay and the drug sensitivity reported by the FMCA was in good agreement with known clinical activity. Samples from children and initial ALL tended to be more drug sensitive than those from adults and ALL at relapse, respectively. For 36 samples clinical outcome was correlated to the quartile position in comparison to all other samples for the most in vitro active drug actually given to the patient. For patients with samples in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, the probabilities of complete remission were 89, 57, 38, and 0%, respectively. Using the median value as cut-off line, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 87 and 62%, respectively. It is concluded that the FMCA with a minimum of effort and with high success rate report clinically relevant drug sensitivity profiles for ALL.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Effects of various IUDs on the composition of cervical mucus.

The influence of three different intrauterine devices on the composition of cervical mucus was studied. The amount of mucin, albumin and immunoglobulin G was estimated. After the insertion of an inert IUD, a decrease in mucin was observed. During copper-IUD use the content of mucin, albumin and IgG was increased in cervical mucus, while weight was not affected. In the levonorgestrel-IUD users, ovulation was inhibited in 2 out of 8 women. Mucus weight was increased. The amounts of mucin, albumin and IgG were not changed. In an in vitro experiment the effect of copper-IUDs on autooxidation of cholesterol was studied. There was an extensive conversion of cholesterol but addition of albumin quenched the oxidation of cholesterol. It is suggested that the increased secretion of albumin induced by copper-IUD users may offer protection against copper-induced cell damage.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1991

Isocapnic high frequency jet ventilation: dead space depends on frequency, inspiratory time and entrainment.

Twelve healthy pigs were ventilated with high frequency jet ventilation via a Mallinckrodt HiLo jet tube. The expired gas was led to a conventional ventilator and CO2 analyzer which were used to measure CO2 elimination. There was no bias flow, so that the jet entrained only expired gas, i.e. rebreathing occurred. Frequency was varied between 2 and 11 Hz and the duration of inspiration, as a fraction of the ventilatory cycle (Ti/Ttot), from 5 to 20%. The minute ventilation, Vjet, delivered by the jet ventilator was adjusted to maintain a constant PaCO2. At 2 Hz and a Ti/Ttot of 5%, Vjet was of the same magnitude as ventilation during conventional intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and the total dead space fraction, VD/VT was 0.32. Both increasing frequency at a constant Ti/Ttot, and increasing Ti/Ttot at a constant frequency, increased VD/VT which was maximal (0.8) at 11 Hz and a Ti/Ttot of 20%. When entrainment was blocked, tidal jet volume had to be greatly increased. The continuous measurement of CO2 elimination was found to be useful for maintaining isocapnia when the jet ventilator setting was changed.

Animals↗