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Biomedical subjects

B Kromann-Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Kromann-Andersen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A simple method for insertion of an intraprostatic coil.

A simplified method of insertion of a urethral coil for treatment of benign prostatic obstruction has been tested in 25 patients. The prostatic urethra is measured either by abdominal/transrectal ultrasound scanning or by rigid or flexible endoscopy. The coil is inserted into the prostatic urethra using simple measurements taken from a Foley catheter; 21 coils were correctly positioned at the first attempt using this new method--a success rate equivalent to that of ultrasound-guided insertion.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The intraurethral plug. A new alternative in the treatment of women with stress incontinence].

The intraurethral plug has been developed for treatment of women with stress-incontinence. The plug is made of thermoplastic-elastomeric material and consists of a meatus plate, a soft stalk and one or two beads along the stalk. The individual plug is constructed on the basis of the result of the urethral pressure profile. The plug is removed manually prior to micturition and after micturition a new plug is introduced by the patient. A plug with two beads was employed in period 1 (seven days) and a plug with one bead for period 2 (seven days). Twenty-two patients completed period 1. Eight of these patients did not complete period 2, mainly on account of unchanged incontinence during period 1 or repeated loss of the plug with one bead. In periods 1 and 2, 73% and 79% of the patients, respectively, were both subjectively and objectively continent or considerably improved. This preliminary investigation demonstrates that the intraurethral plug may be an alternative form of treatment of women with stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Rate of urinary bladder blood flow evaluated by 133Xe washout and radioactive microspheres in pigs.

Urinary bladder blood flow as measured by the washout of locally injected 133Xe and by the simultaneously performed radioactive microsphere reference-sample method was studied in pigs. The washout curves were analyzed according to the initial slope, the corrected initial slope and the total curve. The corrected-initial-slope flow rates were not statistically significantly different from the microsphere whole-wall flow rates. The variability between the methods shown by the test-retest difference revealed only a minor lack of agreement. The bladder blood flow tended to decrease after the intravesical pressure had been increased to 20 cmH2O, but the difference was not statistically significant. Washout of locally injected 133Xe can be used for the evaluation of urinary bladder blood flow in humans and in longitudinal animal studies. The corrected-initial-slope method is recommended for the analysis of washout curves.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cavernosometry: methodology and reproducibility with and without pharmacological agents in the evaluation of venous impotence.

Venous impotence can be evaluated by cavernosometry, although this is a controversial issue. We have evaluated various techniques for cavernosometry: with and without intracavernous papaverine, with different dosages and modalities, with different modes of induction flow and at various intracavernous pressures. A standardised technique was tested and retested in 32 impotent men. If pharmacocavernosometry is accepted as the most reliable test and a maintenance flow less than 20 ml/min indicates optimal venous occlusion, plain cavernosometry gave 6% false positive and 16% false negative results. Pharmacocavernosometry was found to be highly reproducible with regard to maintenance flow for patients thought to have optimal venous occlusion and for those with supposed leakage. The induction flow was of no diagnostic value. After injection of papaverine the maintenance flow became a reproducible parameter for quantifying venous outflow and could be measured with an intracavernous pressure equivalent to systolic blood pressure to minimise cavernous arterial inflow and increase reproducibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Intraprostatic spiral during waiting time for transurethral prostatectomy.

When benign prostatic hyperplasia results in voiding problems such as acute or chronic urinary retention, transurethral prostatectomy is often necessary. We have evaluated 24 patients, treated with an intraprostatic spiral, during waiting time for transurethral prostatectomy. The spiral treatment was a success in 21 patients. Three patients had a transurethral prostatectomy before scheduled time due to spiral failure, 2 with urinary retention, 1 with severe local discomfort. We conclude that spiral treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia while waiting for transurethral prostatectomy has a high success rate and is recommended as a favorable alternative to an indwelling urethral catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Non-prostatic malignant disease mimicking prostatic cancer.

Three patients with pelvic tumours (2 cases of pelvic sarcoma and 1 case of metastatic bronchial carcinoma) presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of prostatic carcinoma. Transrectal ultrasonic scanning with perineal biopsy facilitated the diagnosis. The prognosis of pelvic sarcoma was poor following radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Failure of combined supratrigonal cystectomy and Mainz ileocecocystoplasty in intractable interstitial cystitis: is histology and mast cell count a reliable predictor for the outcome of surgery?

Eight women with severe intractable interstitial cystitis were treated with supratrigonal cystectomy and Mainz ileocecocystoplasty. The preoperative evaluation consisted of symptom analysis, cystometry, cystoscopy and bladder pathological findings. Seven patients had increased mast cell density. Median followup was 10 months. The symptoms resolved in 2 patients but recurred in 6 shortly after the operation. Voiding could not be established in 4 patients. Self-catheterization was difficult and painful. Ultimately, cystectomy and urinary diversion were performed in 5 patients and is scheduled in 1. The 2 cured patients had a small contracted bladder preoperatively while they were under anesthesia, while all 6 failed cases had a large bladder capacity. Postoperative biopsies from the trigone showed no difference in the amount of fibrosis, the degree of degenerative changes in the muscle and mast cell density between the 2 cured patients and the 6 who failed to improve. The mast cell density and the histological status of the trigone cannot be used as predictors of the outcome of supratrigonal cystectomy. The role of the mast cells in interstitial cystitis is reviewed. Combination of supratrigonal cystectomy and a Mainz augmentation cystoplasty cannot be recommended in patients with intractable interstitial cystitis and a large bladder capacity.

Cecum↗
PubMed1990

The urethral plug: a new treatment modality for genuine urinary stress incontinence in women.

A new modality, the urethral plug, was used to treat 22 women with genuine urinary stress incontinence. The plug is made of thermoplastic elastomer (Kraton G), and consists of a meatal plate, a soft stalk and 1 or 2 spheres along the stalk. The spheres were located according to the result of the urethral pressure profile. The midpoint of the proximal sphere was placed at the bladder neck and the distal sphere was placed just above the maximum urethral pressure point. At voiding the plug was removed and afterwards a new plug was inserted. The plug with 2 spheres was tested in week 1 (period 1) and the plug with only the distal sphere was tested in week 2 (period 2). A total of 22 patients completed period 1. Eight patients did not complete period 2, mostly due to either unchanged incontinence during period 1 or a repeated loss of the plug with 1 sphere. In periods 1 and 2, 73 and 79% of the patients were subjectively and objectively continent or improved. A total of 14 patients completed both periods. Eight patients preferred the plug with 2 spheres, 1 preferred the other plug and 5 had no preference. The side effects were few. This preliminary study shows that the urethral plug seems to be a promising alternative treatment for female genuine urinary stress incontinence.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

The elasticity and the tensile strength of tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa.

The aim of this study was to determine the tensile strength and the elasticity of the tunica albuginea (TA), and describe morphological structures in the tissue before and after mechanical deformities. Twenty cadavers of men aged between 33 and 83 were examined. Cavernosometry was performed in all specimens. Afterwards in five cadavers the flow rate was increased until a herniation of the TA appeared. A strength about 1500 mm. Hg was found. Similar results were found in four who had an inflatable prosthesis (AMS 700) inserted, and the intraprosthetic pressure increased until a deformity was noted. Slices of TA (thickness 1.3 to 3.3 mm.) from 11 specimens were tested in a tensiometer. The elasticity coefficient was found to be around 10(8) N/m2, and the tensile strength to be 600 to 750 mm. Hg (10(4) to 10(5) N/m2). The difference between the tensile strength achieved in the tensiometer and during saline infusion is possibly caused by the intracavernous framework. Microscopy showed that TA is mainly composed of collagen fibres which are situated in an undulating arrangement, with a few elastic fibres arranged longitudinally which connect the undulating bundles of collagen fibres. When the tissue is overstretched, the elastic fibres are destroyed and the undulating arrangement disappears.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Xenon tissue/blood partition coefficient for pig urinary bladder.

In four landrace pigs the tissue/blood partition coefficient (lambda) for xenon (Xe) for the urinary bladder was calculated after chemical analysis for lipid, water and protein content and determination of the haematocrit. The coefficients varied from bladder to bladder owing to small differences in both the haematocrit and tissue composition. In Xe washout studies of the blood flow of the urinary bladder, we recommend calculating the lambda for Xe from the actual haematocrit and from the median value of tissue composition found in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ofloxacin in urinary tract infections.

Ofloxacin belongs to a new generation of fluorinated quinolones which are structurally related to nalidixic acid. It is an orally or parenterally administered antibacterial drug active against most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, many Gram-positive bacteria and some anaerobes. The pharmacokinetic profile or ofloxacin shows a rapid gastrointestinal absorption and high concentrations are achieved in most tissues and body fluids. Clinical efficacy of ofloxacin has been demonstrated in a variety of systemic infections as well as in acute and chronic urinary tract infections and ofloxacin has generally appeared to be at least as effective as comparative orally administered antibiotics. Ofloxacin is well tolerated and bacterial resistance does not appear to develop readily, however, noncritical use of quinolones in simple infections where standard drugs may be equally effective and safe should be discouraged. In conclusion, ofloxacin is an orally active drug which offers a valuable alternative to other broad spectrum antibacterial drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Sixteen years with the Danish Search and Rescue Helicopter Service.

The Danish helicopter rescue service in its present form was founded in 1966. The use of the Sikorsky (S-61) helicopter has generally been satisfactory. In 1973, the crew was supplemented by an aerospace-medically-educated and helicopter-trained physician. From 1973 to 1989 there were 5,733 missions, of which direct medical intervention occurred in 2075 cases; 94% of the missions supported the civilian public health service in Denmark. Many sorts of diseases and injuries have been seen, but especially trauma, abdominal, and cardiopulmonary diseases. Experience has shown the benefit of having a designated physician, specially trained in aerospace medicine and acute medicine/surgery, as a permanent crewmember.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1989

Analgesic effect and tolerance of Voltaren and Ketogan in acute renal or ureteric colic.

Fifty-six patients with renal or ureteric colic were entered into a randomised, prospective, double-blind investigation of the analgesic efficacy and tolerance of Voltaren versus Ketogan, both administered intramuscularly. There were no significant differences regarding pain-relief but side effects were fewer in patients treated with Voltaren.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between detrusor pressure and urinary flow rate in males with an intraurethral prostatic spiral.

Six patients with acute urinary retention and 2 with prostatic obstruction and urge incontinence were treated with an intraurethral prostatic spiral and underwent pressure-flow studies 51 days (median) later. Evaluation of pressure-flow parameters and pressure-flow plots by different methods gave conflicting results regarding the presence of infravesical obstruction; 6 patients showed no voiding symptoms and in 2 patients only moderate irritative symptoms remained. The spiral allowed unobstructed voiding and is a good alternative to an indwelling urethral catheter. We recommend insertion of a spiral in patients with urinary retention if the waiting period for TURP is long or if the patient is unfit for surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ofloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated lower urinary tract infections.

In a double-blind, double-dummy study 61 patients with structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract and verified infection were treated for 7 days with ofloxacin 100 mg bd or ciprofloxacin 250 mg bd by mouth. Of 62 isolated strains none was resistant to ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in vitro. Nineteen patients (63%) in both groups were free from infection ten days after therapy. Clinical resolution of symptoms occurred in 83% in the ofloxacin group and 68% in the ciprofloxacin group. Adverse reactions were reported in four patients (6.5%), two with skin rash, one with gastrointestinal disturbance and one with influenza-like symptoms. This study demonstrates that ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are effective in the treatment of complicated lower urinary tract infection.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1988

Clinical versus ultrasonographic evaluation of scrotal disorders.

Clinical and ultrasonographic examinations of scrotal disorders were compared in 166 patients in order to determine their ability to distinguish between those diseases requiring surgery and those requiring clinical follow-up only. Ultrasound examinations were efficient in discriminating between normal and pathological findings. Extra-testicular lesions were readily differentiated from testicular ones. Although both clinical and ultrasonographic examinations had high sensitivity (90%) in detecting testicular cancer, the number of false positive findings was smaller after ultrasound examination. This gave a predictive value of a positive test of 53% after ultrasound examination but only 33% after clinical examination. Ultrasound examination may, therefore, reduce the number of surgical explorations in the scrotum and should be performed in patients with suspected testicular pathology based on history and palpatory findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

No cytogenetic effects of quinolone treatment in humans.

Cytogenetic effects of ciprofloxacin (500 to 2,000 mg daily) and ofloxacin (200 mg daily) were studied in lymphocytes from 31 patients treated for 1 to 10 weeks. Blood samples for cytogenetic analysis were taken before the start of treatment from all patients, after 1 week from 25 patients, and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks from six patients. No chromosome-damaging effect could be demonstrated in any treatment group. The mean aberration yields for each cytogenetic parameter studied and the total number of aberrations were all normal at each sampling occasion.

Adult↗