Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with bullae or bullous mastocytosis: a question of semantics.
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Biopsy, Needle↗
Biomedical subjects
B Kumar
Publications and source records attributed to B Kumar.
Systemic involvement in leprosy and its significance.
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Bacteremia↗
Community based leprosy survey in U.T. Chandigarh.
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Humans↗
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions: clinical pattern and causative agents--a 6 year series from Chandigarh, India.
AIM: To study the different clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR) and to determine the causative drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS: A prospective, hospital based study was carried out over a period of 6 years recording various cutaneous ADR. RESULTS: A total of 500 patients with cutaneous ADR were enrolled in the study. The most common types of cutaneous ADR patterns were maculopapular rash (34.6%), fixed drug eruption (FDE) (30%) and urticaria (14%). The drugs most often incriminated for the various cutaneous ADR were antimicrobials (42.6%), anticonvulsants (22.2%) and NSAIDs (18%). Anticonvulsants were implicated in 41.6% of maculopapular rashes. Sulfonamides accounted for 43.3% and NSAIDs for 30.7% of FDE. Urticaria was caused mainly by NSAIDs(24.3%) and penicillins(20%). Anticonvulsants were responsible for 43.8% of life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical pattern and drugs causing cutaneous ADR are similar to those observed in other countries except for minor variations. Cutaneous ADR patterns and the drugs causing various reactions are changing every year, which may be due to the emergence of newer molecules and changing trends in the use of drugs.
Adolescent↗
Caspase 1 and caspase 8 in HIV infected patients with and without tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND: Caspase 8 is involved in apoptosis mediated by Fas and p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor ligation in HIV infection. Apoptosis is partially mediated by interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (caspase-1). AIMS: We determined apoptosis, using caspase-1 and caspase-8, among patients with HIV infection, with and without tuberculosis (TB), those with TB alone and healthy individuals. SETTING AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of caspase-1 and caspase-8 among patients with HIV infection, with and without TB, those with TB alone and healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen HIV infected patients with TB (HIV+/TB+) and 20 with HIV infection without TB (HIV+/TB-) were studied. Fifteen individuals with TB alone were disease controls (HIV-/TB+) and 20 were healthy controls (HIV-/TB-). Caspases were measured by single-step ELISA using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Two-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Mean CD4 counts of HIV+/TB+ were lower than HIV+/TB- (p<0.05). OD value of caspase 1 in HIV+/TB+ was 0.295+0.05, while that in HIV+/TB- it was 0.302+0.18. It was 0.293+0.07 in HIV-/TB+ and in HIV-/TB- the values were 0.287+0.06. OD value of caspase 8 in HIV+/TB+ was 0.307+ 0.07, lower than HIV+/TB- (0.927+0.25). It was 0.008+0.03 in HIV-/TB+ and in HIV-/TB-, 0.074+0.004. Values of caspase 8 in patients with HIV infection (with/without TB) were higher than those with TB alone or healthy individuals (p<0.01). Levels of caspase 8 in HIV+/TB- were higher than patients with HIV+/TB+ (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Levels of caspase-1 are not different irrespective of presence or otherwise of TB and HIV infection. Fas-related apoptosis is higher in HIV infection. With concomitant TB, levels of caspase 8 were lower as compared with those without TB.
Adult↗
Prostaglandin F2 alpha in leprosy--a preliminary study.
Prostaglandin F2 alpha was estimated in the sera of fifty patients in the leprosy spectrum to find out the status of prostaglandins in response to Mycobacterium leprae. Contrary to expectation, PGF2 alpha could be detected in only twenty-eight percent of leprosy patients. This preliminary finding is discussed in detail in the paper.
Dinoprost↗
Effect of clofazimine on eye in multibacillary leprosy.
Seventy-six patients of multibacillary leprosy received clofazimine as part of multidrug therapy (MDT) for periods ranging between 6 and 24 months. Complete ocular examination including slit lamp microscopy and examination of tears was carried out in all these patients. Reddish brown conjunctival and corneal pigmentation was seen in 46% and 53% of the patients respectively. Clofazimine crystals in tears were found in 32% of the patients. Apart from this no other eye changes or symptoms attributable to clofazimine were observed.
Adolescent↗
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G.G.T) in leprosy.
Activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was measured in 21 patients of BL or LL disease and 10 age matched healthy controls. None of the patients had any systemic or hepatic diseases. Mean values in the patients (53.67 +/- 9.67 U/L) were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) compared to that of controls (34.2 +/- 5.69 U/L).
Adult↗
Leprosy, liver and jaundice.
Nine patients of leprosy, 5 BL and 4 LL who developed jaundice during the course of disease were investigated. Two LL patients developed jaundice during ENL reaction. There was slight hepatomegaly in 5 patients and moderate splenomegaly in 3 only. There was significant alterations in liver enzymes and serum bilirubin in all patients. The abnormalities of the enzymes levels persisted for abnormally long periods even when the serum bilirubin had come down and the patients had become asymptomatic. Blood for HBsAg and anti-HAV IgM was negative in all the patients except one in whom HBsAg was positive. Drugs could not be implicated as the cause of jaundice, all patients maintained recovery even after restarting antileprosy drugs. The possibility of non A, non B viruses producing hepatitis during the course of disease is brought out. Course of prolonged jaundice in leprosy is compared with other diseases which could result in a similar situation.
Adult↗
Short term combination therapy for paucibacillary leprosy--histological evaluation & follow-up study.
68 patients with paucibacillary disease were started on various regimes of multi drug therapy, consisting of ethionamide, rifampicin or clofazimine administered with dapsone. Serial skin biopsies were taken from 32 patients at one, two and three years and even later after the initial pre treatment biopsy. Actual material was available for study from 9 patients. All regimens were tolerated well except the one with ethionamide. However the therapeutic response was equal in all combination therapies as supported by histopathology. Compared to that with dapsone monotherapy the response was quicker with combination. Dapsone plus rifampicin combination was best tolerated and it worked out to be economical as well. No relapse was noted in any group during two or more years follow up.
Biopsy↗
Renal involvement in Mycobacterium leprae infected mice. Histopathological, bacteriological and immunofluorescence study.
Swiss albino mice were inoculated in the footpads with Mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patient. The kidneys obtained from the animals sacrificed during different periods were processed for histopathology, presence of AFB and immunofluorescence studies. Renal lesions, AFB and immune complex deposits were seen in the infected animals. Such findings have not been studied in great detail in experimental leprosy earlier.
Animals↗
Role of immune complexes in alteration of lymphocyte subpopulation numbers and functions in experimental leprosy.
Swiss albino mice (normal as well as thymectomised and irradiated were inoculated into the footpads with Mycobacterium leprae and divided into two main phases of study. Phase I comprised of animals not given preformed immune complexes (IC). Uninfected controls were however included. Phase II consisted of animals given in vitro prepared IC at zero day period (OdIC), three month period (3mIC) or six month period (6mIC) to both uninfected and infected groups. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated to quantify T and B cells and their responses to M. leprae antigen and four different mitogens. Significant decrease in T cell counts and blast transformation was seen in the M. leprae infected animals which were also administered with immune complexes. Immunosuppression by IC was therefore seen to be enhanced in the presence of M. leprae infection.
Animals↗
The associated diseases with leprosy.
The prevalence of cutaneous, medical and surgical disorders was studied in 846 leprosy patients. Common cutaneous disorders among leprosy patients were pityriasis versicolor, tinea, pyodermas, warts, acquired ichthyosis, scabies, pediculosis and callosities. Only pityriasis versicolor had higher incidence when compared to general population. Common medical diseases were tuberculosis, infective hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. The epidemiological importance of their co-existence with leprosy is discussed and relevant literature of other diseases found to be frequently associated with leprosy is reviewed.
Adult↗
Identification of "high risk" children under five in an urban community.
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Child, Preschool↗
Sciatic nerve in experimental leprosy.
Swiss albino mice were inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patients. Histopathological study of sciatic nerves showed no abnormality. However a few free acid fast bacilli (AFB) were detected in the sciatic nerves taken from the inoculated limbs during the early stages of infection, suggesting the nerve-fibre route of travel as seen in humans in experimental leprosy, too.
Animals↗
ADCC function in Mycobacterium leprae inoculated normal and immunosuppressed mice.
Normal and immunosuppressed mice were inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patients. Besides monitoring the AFB counts in the footpads at 3,6 and 9 months post inoculation, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) function was studied. The ADCC function seen to be largely unaltered in the M. leprae infected animals, comparable to the observation made in human leprosy.
Animals↗