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Biomedical subjects

B Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to B Kumar.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

In vivo and in vitro drug metabolism in patients with leprosy.

Plasma antipyrine and chloramphenicol clearance was studied in 23 patients of leprosy and 12 control subjects. Drug metabolising enzymes (aminopyrine N-demethylase and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase) were estimated in liver biopsy samples of twelve patients and ten controls. A significant decrease in drug clearance and drug metabolising enzymes was observed. However, no significant correlation could be obtained between drug half lives and drug metabolising enzymes or with any of the liver function tests in these patients. The findings indicate that drug metabolism is impaired in leprosy patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann disease(: scintigraphic-radiographic-clinical correlations.

Four patients (2 males, 2 females; ages 15-47 yrs.) with variable clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic manifestations of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (PDD) or Engelmann disease were studied with 99mTc methylene diphosphonate bone imaging and radiographic skeletal surveys. Comparison of the results of the two imaging procedures showed that some affected bones were scintigraphically normal but radiographically abnormal and vice versa. These findings suggest that the lesions of PDD may mature, causing a significant decrease in disease activity, and that abnormally increased radiopharmaceutical accumulation during bone scintigraphy appears to be a sensitive indicator of disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Positron tomographic imaging of the liver: 68 Ga iron hydroxide colloid.

A new radiopharmaceutical, 68Ga ion hydroxide colloid, for hepatic imaging by positron emission tomography was prepared from the eluate of a 68Ge-68Ga solvent extraction generator. In rats, 84% of the administered dose of colloid localized in the liver and 4.6% accumulated in the spleen. Initial imaging studies in normal dogs showed close correspondence of the findings by positron tomography and transmission computed tomography. Emission tomography with 68Ga-colloid was performed in 10 patients with hepatic metastases demonstrated by conventional 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. All focal defects noted on the conventional scintigrams were easily identified and generally were seen more clearly by positron tomography. In one patient, additional lesions not identified on the initial 99mTc sulfur colloid images were demonstrated. The positron tomographic images were compared with those obtained by transmission computed tomography in seven patients; the two studies showed comparable findings in five patients, whereas positron tomography more clearly showed multiple lesions in two. Our results suggest that positron emission tomography is a suitable technique for obtaining high contrast, cross-sectional images of large abdominal organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Circulating and tissue immune complexes in leprosy.

Various immunological studies were conducted in lepromatous leprosy patients. There was a polyclonal rise of all the three major immunoglobulins. Serum IgD levels remained unaltered. Positive latex agglutination reactions (RA) and parietal cell antibodies were distinctly more frequent in patients. Eighty-five percent of patients showed a strongly positive complement deviation test, and the mean platelet aggregation titer was 1 in 81 in the patients compared to 1 in 3 in the controls, thus indicating the presence of circulating immune complexes in a large percentage of cases. Immunoglobulins and complement were observed in the dermal capillaries and small arterioles, but not in larger vessels, in 6 of 17 cases. Only one case showed staining of the dermoepidermal junction. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in a single patient, and this patient also showed ANA in vivo.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1981

Pathologic changes in striated muscles in leprosy.

Eighteen muscle biopsies from male adult patients of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy were studied. BI in the biopsies ranged from 1 + to 3+. There was conspicuous absence of granuloma except for a collection of foamy histiocytes in intermysial region and on two occasions in the intermysial nerve endings in LL patients. At places solid staining bacilli were seen in normal looking muscles. None of the biopsies showed loss of muscle striations, fatty change, sarcolemmal changes, fibrosis and necrosis. Hyaline change was seen in two specimens only. Details of these are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

BCG induced immunity to Mycobacterium leprae in mice.

One to three BCG vaccinations were given to various groups of mice--25 to 2 days preceding challenge with Myco. leprae. Harvesting of Myco. leprae was done every month upto a period of 7 months. Lymph node enlargement was taken as an indicator of successful vaccination. An increasing degree of protection was noted in BCG immunised mice as observed by a reduced number of bacilli harvested. Protection afforded was proportional to the number of doses of BCG given.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Acro-osteolysis (report of two cases and brief review of literature.

Two siblings suffering from acro-osteolysis, a rare disorder, are discussed. Although three distinct types of acro-osteolysis, namely familial, idiopathic, and due to vinyl-chloride, are clearly defined, these patients did not fit into any category. They had intact nails, preserved tactile and sensory system, plantar ulceration and so sensory deficit. Nerve conduction studies showed prolongation of motor distal latencies in median, ulnar, posterior tibial and lateral popliteal nerves. Nerve biopsies from both patients showed severe loss of myelinated fibres of all sizes, but more so of small ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Choice of skin slit smears for study of bacterial and morphological indices.

Skin slit smears of 46 patients of lepromatous leprosy (16 untreated, 30 long treated) were studied from ear lobules, fingers, elbows and knees. In untreated patients ear lobules gave highest BI, as compared to other sites. MI from ear lobules was higher than elbows and knees but slightly lower than that from fingers. In treated patients sites other than ear lobules yielded solid staining bacilli more frequently. Multiple sites and especially peripheral sites are recommended for study of skin slit smears to discover persistent bacilli.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

T and B lymphocytes and blastogenesis in leprosy.

T and B cell percentages and their blastogenic response to PPD and lepromin have been studied in 107 patients of various types of leprosy. T cell counts and their blastogenic response were found to be considerably lower in all types of leprosy as compared to the normal. The counts and stimulation were the lowest for lepromatous leprosy. B cell counts were unaltered in all types of leprosy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Histopathologic study of clinically normal appearing skin in lepromatous leprosy.

Skin biopsies from clinically normal skin of the scalp, axillary and groin regions in 20 lepromatous leprosy patients revealed significant histopathological findings in upto 25 percent of the patients. The positive findings could, perhaps, be enhanced by studying larger skin materials from these body areas. Indeed, no skin area appears to be immune from invasion by Myco. leprae.

Humans↗