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Biomedical subjects

B L Billings

Publications and source records attributed to B L Billings.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Voyager flight crew hearing threshold levels resulting from 5- and 9-day continuous in-flight noise exposure.

The flight crew of the Voyager aircraft were continuously exposed to a broadband noise for nearly 5 days during a trial flight, and for over 9 days during their nonstop flight around the world. Evaluation of the threshold shifts resulting from these exposures represents a unique opportunity to study the effect of human exposure to intense continuous noise for long durations. Postflight audiometry demonstrated that the 9-day flight did not result in larger hearing threshold shifts than those following the 5-day flight. Neither crewmember incurred a permanent threshold shift from these exposures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bone conduction calibration: current status.

Attempts to specify normal threshold sensitivity by bone conduction have been unsuccessful because of problems in obtaining reliable measurements from commercially available artificial mastoids. Recent design modifications incorporated in the Bruel and Kjaer 4930 artificial mastoids have resulted in greater uniformity among these units. However, the new design has resulted in impedances that are higher than those recommended in current standards. Bone-conduction thresholds referenced to measurements made on B & K 4930 artificial mastoids with the new design were performed on 60 normal listeners by three participating laboratories. The results are reported for consideration in the development of a reference threshold for hearing by bone conduction.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1977

Calibration force levels for bone conduction vibrators.

Two bone conduction vibrators (Radioear B71 and B72) and a headband (Radioear P-3333) have been developed to meet specifications of both the International Electrotechnical Commission and the American National Standard Institute. Pure-tone thresholds for air conduction and bone conduction were obtained from 24 normal-hearing young adults at audiometric frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz. Results of this study are in good agreement with the standard air conduction threshold sound pressure levels (ANSI) and with bone conduction threshold force levels reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of pure-tone thresholds as measured by delayed feedback audiometry, electrodermal response audiometry, and voluntary response audiometry.

One hundred unselected patients seen for medical-legal evaluation were tested for pure-tone thresholds by delayed feedback audiometry (DFA), electrodermal response audiometry (EDRA), and voluntary response audiometry (VRA). The EDRA method was successful in 73% of the patients while the DFA method was successful in 88% of the patients. Eighty-six percent of the DFA thresholds obtained were within 10 dB of the patients' VRA thresholds. When both DFA and EDRA were successful, 88% of the DFA thresholds were within 10 dB of the EDRA thresholds. Ninety-six percent of the EDRA thresholds obtained were within 10 dB of the patients' VRA thresholds. Although DFA is not as precise in predicting threshold as is EDRA, it is successful in a significantly greater number of patients than is EDRA and is a useful clinical tool in medical-legal evaluation for hearing loss.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pure tone delayed auditory feedback. Effect of hearing loss on disruption of tapping performance.

Pure tone delayed auditory feedback audiometry was administered to 20 veterans with normal hearing at 1 kHz and a sensorineural hearing loss associated with noise exposure at 4 kHz. Absolute and relative time errors as well as pattern errors were analyzed for the group and for each individual. Mean data showed no difference between error measures for the two frequencies. However, individual data revealed that errors in the subjects' performance occurred at a level slightly closer to threshold at the frequency with the hearing loss (4 kHz) than at the frequency at which hearing was normal (1 kHz).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pure tone delayed auditory feedback: development of criteria of performance deterioration.

Delayed auditory feedback audiometry, employing pure tones and a keytapping task, was administered at sensation levels from -10 to +50 dB to a sample of the general adult population. Absolute and relative time error as well as pattern error criteria were established on the basis of the -10-dB performances. Ninety percent of the subjects demonstrated tapping errors at sensation levels within 10 dB of auditory threshold.

Adolescent↗