[New types of jobs. First negotiate, then appoint].
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Advertising↗
Biomedical subjects
B Larsen
Publications and source records attributed to B Larsen.
[Effect of 1-year long-term treatment with sucralfate on symptomatic recurrence of duodenal ulcer].
One hundred and two patients, who obtained relief from their duodenal ulcer symptoms with sucralfate (Antepsin R) in a dosage of 2 g b.i.d. for four weeks, were randomized to maintenance therapy with sucralfate 2 g at bedtime or a placebo for one year or until possible recurrence of symptoms. Ninety-four patients completed the study, 46 on sucralfate and 48 on the placebo. Eighteen of the sucralfate-treated patients (39%) experienced relapse of symptoms, as did 36 (75%) of the placebo treated patients. This difference was significant (p = 0.0008). In the sucralfate group most of the symptoms recurred within three months after randomisation, whereas the relapse rate seemed constant in the placebo group. It is concluded that 2 g sucralfate at bedtime is effective in preventing recurrence of duodenal ulcer symptoms.
Adolescent↗
[Anesthesiologic aspects of multiorgan donation].
As of July 1990 brain death was legally recognized in Denmark thereby rendering transplantation of heart, liver and lung possible. Brain death donors are usually treated in neurosurgical or anaesthetic intensive care units. The staff of these units influence the number of donors and also the quality of organs donated. Physiological factors pertinent to brain death donors and pre- and peroperative donor therapy in relation to multiorgan procurement are discussed from the viewpoint of the anaesthetist. Symptomatic therapy aimed at optimizing and maintaining organ function is employed; thus continuing intensive care. Sympathetic and somatic reflex responses to surgical stimulation are to be anticipated, often necessitating analgesics to blunt haemodynamic responses and neuromuscular blocking agents to inhibit movements and/or rigidity.
Anesthetics↗
Genetic polymorphism of esterase in plasma of American mink (Mustela vison L.).
Plasma samples of 412 minks, including 20 families and representing 15 lines, have been investigated by isoelectric focusing for the enzyme esterase (ES). The observed variation of the enzyme may be explained as a result of one locus with at least seven codominant alleles. The segregation of six alleles assumed for the locus in 20 families supports this genetic model. Genetic divergence among the lines is observed and may be due to founder effect and/or selection.
Alleles↗
Dairy breed bull with complex chromosome translocation: fertility and linkage studies.
A chromosome study was performed on the offspring of an American Brown Swiss bull, which was carrier of a complex chromosome translocation. A total of 10 phenotypically normal calves were examined and a similar complex translocation was detected in five calves. The translocation involved identifiable parts of chromosome number one and eight. Furthermore, the terminal band of chromosome one had been translocated to an unidentified chromosome. One of the calves also carried a 1/29 centric fusion chromosome. Pedigree and chromosome analysis showed that the centric fusion originated from another American Brown Swiss bull. A linkage study was performed and an indication of linkage between the Z blood group system and the complex translocation was found. The fertility of the bull was studied, and it was found to have a severely reduced fertility mainly due to an increased rate of early embryonic mortality.
Animals↗
Effects of chlorhexidine gluconate douche on normal vaginal flora.
The effects of a 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) douche on the normal vaginal flora of twenty healthy nonpregnant volunteers were investigated. The douche was applied in a premeasured 180-ml quantity daily for 7 consecutive days. Specimens for aerobic and anaerobic culture of the vaginal flora were obtained on 3 occasions from each volunteer, once before and twice after CHG use. The culture results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. A blood sample was also collected within 24 h of the last CHG application to determine serum CHG concentration. Lactobacillus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most prevalent aerobic bacteria at all phases of the study and Bacteroides spp. were the most prevalent anaerobes. The composition of the normal flora was essentially the same 30 days after the last dose as the pretreatment flora. Small amounts of CHG were detected in the serum of all but one subject. No untoward effects on the participants were observed. Candida albicans counts were slightly higher, but prevalence was not significantly increased at the end of the study.
Adult↗
Chlamydia trachomatis antigen prevalence among pregnant women in West Virginia.
During 1990, more than 2,100 women who received prenatal care at one of four clinics which serve 11 West Virginia counties, were screened for chlamydial antigen. Overall, 5.6 percent of the women screened had positive antigen tests and 90 percent of these individuals were under the age of 25. The prevalence of chlamydia was different at three geographic sites with the highest rate of positive antigen test being 9.4 percent at one site. These findings led to a careful analysis of the prevalence of this disease among women who lived in rural areas versus those who lived in urban areas. This detailed analysis involved only patients seen in the Grafton and Morgantown clinics, and revealed a tendency for most positive antigen tests to occur among women with urban addresses. Our study indicates that a substantial chlamydial problem exists among pregnant women of young age. Although screening all pregnant women for chlamydia may not be cost effective, knowing which individuals are at highest risk may help target limited screening for these patients.
Adult↗
Bovine monoclonal alloantibodies to blood group antigens prepared by murine x bovine or (murine x bovine) x bovine interspecies fusions.
In order to obtain monoclonal alloantibodies against bovine blood group antigens, lymph node cells from calves immunized with bovine red blood cells (RBC) were fused with either murine NSO/1 myeloma cells or a HAT sensitive murine x bovine heterohybridoma cell line. Both fusion partners resulted in heterohybridoma cell lines, producing monoclonal alloantibodies against bovine red blood cell antigens. Several clones produced antibodies against identical antigens and some of these clones have been further analysed. The antibodies produced by these selected cell lines have been compared with conventional polyclonal antisera used in bovine blood typing service. Thus extensive tests--including the ISAG Comparison Tests 1989/90 and 1991/92--have proved that monoclonal alloantibodies specific for the internationally recognized bovine red cell antigens A2, I1, O1, Q, A', B', Q', C1, R1, X1, S and Z have been produced. The Q, A', B', and C1 antibodies react weakly with certain phenogroups, whereas the A2, I1, O1, Q', R1, X1, S and Z antibodies have proved to be excellent blood typing reagents and have now substituted the polyclonal antisera in routine bovine blood typing in our laboratory.
Animals↗
Heart transplantation in Denmark: a preliminary report.
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Denmark↗
Alpha 1-antitrypsin alleles in patients with pulmonary emphysema, detected by DNA amplification (PCR) and oligonucleotide probes.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a serious predisposing factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema. Twelve representative Danish families were studied. AAT typing was performed as a comparative study between the traditional protein typing by isoelectrical focusing and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technique of enzymatic amplification and subsequent typing with radioactively labelled oligonucleotide probes. On the basis of clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary emphysema, 25 patients were selected. AAT typing was performed by use of the two techniques in combination, in search for new point-mutations among the patients. Results obtained with the two techniques were discordant in one patient, suggesting an unknown variant. The unexpectedly high PiZ frequency of 0.22 found in the study group is discussed.
Adult↗
Lanosterol 14 alpha-methyl demethylase. Isolation and characterization of the third metabolically generated oxidative demethylation intermediate.
Conditions have been identified which permit metabolic formation of the third oxidized intermediate in the lanosterol 14 alpha-methyl demethylase reaction cascade. Metabolism of either the immediate precursor substrate 3 beta-hydroxylanost-8-en-32-al or lanost-8-ene-3 beta,32-diol under mixed function oxidase conditions affords formation of the intermediate. It must be emphasized that the intermediate can only be detected if saponification procedures are omitted during sterol isolation. Comparative chemical and biochemical studies of the isolated metabolite with 3 beta,15 alpha-dihydroxylanost-8-en-32-al reveal that the metabolite is not the 15 alpha-hydroxylanosterol aldehyde, a putative demethylase intermediate. The metabolite is efficiently converted to the demethylated delta 8,14-diene sterol in the absence of molecular oxygen or NADPH, thus supporting its identity as the final oxidized intermediate in the lanosterol 14 alpha-methyl demethylase cascade. 1H NMR analysis shows a proton resonance at 7.86 ppm consistent with a formyloxy proton. Mass spectral and infrared analysis of the metabolite clearly establish oxygen insertion into the immediate precursor substrate, 3 beta-hydroxylanost-8-en-32-al. Collectively, the biochemical and chemical characteristics of the metabolite support a structural assignment for the metabolite as 14 alpha-formyloxy-lanost-8-en-3 beta-ol.
Animals↗
Clinical isolates of yeast produce a gliotoxin-like substance.
Candida infections are major causes of morbidity in compromised human hosts, but our understanding of the virulence of Candida remains incomplete. The possibility that toxic fungal metabolites belonging to the chemical class epipolythiodioxopiperzine (ETP), which are reported to possess immunomodulating and antiphagocytic properties may be produced by Candida species was investigated. Reversed phase HPLC analysis of flash evaporated chloroform extracts of 7 day cultures of clinical Candida isolates grown in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) with 5% fetal calf serum revealed the presence of a compound which eluted at the same time as the ETP, gliotoxin. Of 50 strains of yeast tested, 32 produced this gliotoxin-like material. This material was tested for other properties of ETP type toxins including the presence of mercaptans (Ellman reaction), ultraviolet absorbance spectrum and antibacterial activity against Micrococcus lutea. These tests revealed gliotoxin-like material from yeast cultures to be similar to commercially supplied gliotoxin. This represents the first report of the presence of ETP-like compounds in yeast and raises the possibility that ETP's may contribute to the virulence of the organism.
Aspergillus fumigatus↗
Genetic polymorphism of adenosine deaminase and mannose phosphate isomerase in blood of arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus.
Blood samples of 70 foxes, including 10 families, have been investigated by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis for the enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI). The observed variation of the enzymes could be explained as a result of one locus with two codominant alleles and one with three respectively. The segregation in the families of the alleles assumed for the two loci is in accordance with this genetic model. The frequency of the two alleles at the Ada locus is about the same and the slowest anodic migrating allele at the Mpi locus is the most frequent.
Adenosine Deaminase↗
Kinetics and specificity of alginate lyases: Part I, A case study.
Purified preparations of alginate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes and Haliotis sp. were investigated for activity and degradation patterns with alginate and alginate fragments having different compositions and sequences. With fragments approaching homopolymers of guluronate and mannuronate, Michaelis-Menten kinetics were obeyed and kinetic parameters could be obtained. Degradation of alginates containing all four possible linkages in various proportions, followed by isolation of the fragments and identification of the end groups by n.m.r. spectroscopy, indicated that the enzyme preparations can attack more than one type of linkage. The results are discussed with reference to the concept of specificity for enzymes with copolymeric substrates having non-regular distributions of units.
Alginates↗
Evidence against linkage between two pairs of bovine blood group loci: B-Z and F-S.
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Animals↗
Factor H polymorphism, typing by isoelectrofocusing and immunoblotting: no association with rheumatoid arthritis.
The genetic polymorphism of human factor H (beta 1H) was investigated by a combination of isoelectrofocusing and immunoblotting. This simple method is reliable and economical. The allelic frequencies in the Newfoundland population were estimated to be 0.597 and 0.403 for FH*1 and FH*2, respectively (129 individuals typed). No association of factor H types with rheumatoid arthritis was found (111 patients typed).
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Growth inhibition of Candida albicans and other medically important yeasts by vaginal contraceptive products.
The antifungal effects of two commercially available spermicidal gels (Conceptrol, produced by Ortho Pharmaceutical, Raritan, N.J., and Koromex, produced by Schmid Laboratories, Little Falls, N.J.) as well as pure nonoxynol-9 and boric acid (both components of vaginal contraceptive products) were tested against 50 clinical yeast isolates by the agar dilution method. The formulated products exerted comparable dose-dependent inhibitory effects against all yeasts tested. A 3-fold dilution of the formulated spermicidal products inhibited 90% of the yeast strains tested. To determine if the antifungal effect was due to the spermicidal detergent nonoxynol-9, this compound was tested for antifungal activity but was completely ineffective against Candida albicans in concentrations up to 10%. Boric acid, present in at least one of the products (Koromex), inhibited representative yeasts at a concentration of 0.4%. The relationship of pH and oxygen tension to inhibition by the commercial spermicides was also investigated. The pH values tested ranged from 4 to 7 and had little effect on inhibition; anaerobiosis at pH 7 slightly reduced the inhibitory activity of Conceptrol gel.
Antifungal Agents↗
A 15-kD interferon-induced protein and its 17-kD precursor: expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization.
Using recombinant DNA technology, a 15-kD interferon (IFN)-induced protein and its 17-kD precursor have been expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain sufficient quantities of each protein for the investigation of their biological roles. Both the 15-kD and 17-kD proteins have been purified to homogeneity and crystallized. The recombinant 15-kD protein has an identical reversed-phase HPLC elution profile to that of the native 15-kD protein purified from human cells. Furthermore, the recombinant 15-kD and 17-kD proteins have identical amino- and carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences to those predicted from the DNA sequence. The native and recombinant 15-kD proteins give identical tryptic peptide maps, and the recombinant 17-kD protein gives only one additional tryptic peptide. We conclude that the recombinant 17-kD and 15-kD proteins are identical to the 17-kD precursor and the 15-kD stable product synthesized in human cells in response to IFN stimulation. In addition, we have demonstrated that the recombinant 17-kD precursor protein can be converted to the 15-kD protein by cytoplasmic extracts of human cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗