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Biomedical subjects

B Mackay

Publications and source records attributed to B Mackay.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Alveolar soft part sarcoma. An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical investigation of its histogenesis.

Fourteen alveolar soft part sarcomas were studied using electron microscopic analysis and a battery of immunocytochemical procedures in order to critically assess the extent to which these methods could explain the histogenesis of the tumor. All the tumors were stained with antibodies against keratin, vimentin, S-100 protein, Leu-7, neuron-specific enolase, desmin, muscle-specific actin, myoglobin, smooth muscle myosin, and fast and slow myosins. Eight tumors stained for vimentin, eight for desmin, eight for neuron-specific enolase, two for muscle-specific actin, and one for fast myosin. No reactivity was detected with the other antibodies. Electron microscopic study showed a consistent pattern of fine structure and clarified the mode of formation of the distinctive cytoplasmic crystals which were detected in all 14 tumors. Intermediate filaments were sparse and specific myofilaments were not detected. Alveolar soft part sarcoma has a myogenic phenotype and the cells show skeletal muscle differentiation but do not closely resemble any known prototypic normal cell.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Decreased cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin administered by continuous intravenous infusion in combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma.

Two hundred and seventy-four consecutive patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer, without prior exposure to cytotoxic agents were treated with tamoxifen, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC). The initial 133 patients received doxorubicin by bolus IV administration and for the next group of 141 patients doxorubicin was administered via a central venous catheter over a 48-hour (79 patients) or 96-hour (62 patients) continuous infusion schedule. Patients treated with bolus doxorubicin had this agent discontinued usually when 450 mg/m2 were reached; for patients in the infusion group treatment was continued until evidence of progressive disease or clinical or subclinical cardiac dysfunction developed. The complete remission rate was 21% the partial remission rate, 59%. There were no differences in response rate, response duration, or survival duration between groups of patients treated with doxorubicin by bolus, 48-hour or 96-hour infusion FAC. The incidence of moderate and severe nausea and vomiting was lower in the group of patients treated with infusion FAC as compared to bolus FAC (P less than 0.001); however, the incidence of mucositis was higher in the infusion group than in the bolus group (P less than 0.001). Doxorubicin administered by continuous infusion schedules was less cardiotoxic than when administered by bolus, as shown by a greater than 75% decrease in the frequency of clinical congestive heart failure at cumulative dosages greater than or equal to 450 mg/m2 (P = 0.004). Doxorubicin administered as a 48-hour or 96-hour continuous IV infusion is safer, and better tolerated than doxorubicin administered by bolus.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sarcoidosis in an adult with cystic fibrosis.

Sarcoidosis in an adult patient with cystic fibrosis lung disease was diagnosed on the basis of pulmonary function and radiographic data. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new diffuse interstitial infiltrates or hilar adenopathy in a patient with cystic fibrosis; biopsy of lung, lymph node, or skin lesions and interleukin-2 receptor levels may help to obtain a diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer. Changing concepts and terminology.

Considerable attention has been devoted to the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and its subtypes. In the literature contradictory opinions have been published concerning the clinical implications of subtyping, largely because of the different criteria used by different pathologists. This article is a consensus report by the Pathology Committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. The following classification of SCLC is recommended: (1) Small cell carcinoma. This subtype includes most of the tumors previously included in the oat cell and intermediate subtypes. More than 90% of untreated SCLC fall into this category. (2) Mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma. This subtype, which may be associated with a poor prognosis and response to therapy, contains a spectrum of cell types ranging from typical SCLC to larger cells having prominent nucleoli and resembling large cell carcinoma. (3) Combined small cell carcinomas. Typical SCLC elements are intimately admixed with areas of differentiated squamous cell or adenocarcinoma. This simplified classification of SCLC will facilitate uniformity in the diagnosis and further our understanding of the clinical significance of the rarer SCLC with variant morphologies.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1988

Perinatal salivary gland tumours (embryomas).

Epithelial salivary gland tumours presenting in the first month of life (perinatal tumours) are exclusively of major salivary gland origin and predominantly of the parotid gland. Approximately 25 per cent of these rare tumours have been histologically and/or biologically malignant. Except for an occasional pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma, the majority of the tumours are proliferations suggesting a tumourous arrest of maturation of the salivary gland anlage, hence their designation as embryomas. A case report of an embryoma of the parotid is presented, accompanied by a review of the literature.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid with myoepithelial cell predominance.

Primary tumors of the parapharyngeal space are uncommon. We herein report a case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in a 43-year-old woman who presented with a parapharyngeal mass that was initially interpreted as a soft tissue sarcoma. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the myoepithelial origin of the tumor.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1987

Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study.

Twenty-one cases of Paget's disease have been studied using histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical methods. Eight of the tumors involved the nipple, and 13 were extramammary (11 vulvar and two anal). The antibodies used were directed against different classes of cytokeratin proteins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, and S-100 protein. The findings of this study provide conclusive evidence that Paget's cells, regardless of their location, are adenocarcinoma cells. Intracytoplasmic mucin is scanty in Paget's cells within the nipple, but typically plentiful in the extramammary sites where the cells are frequently signet-ring cells. The common mechanism for the evolution of Paget's disease is extension of cells from an underlying carcinoma, but the possibility that some cases, particularly in the vulva, develop from intraepithelial precursors cannot be excluded.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Carcinoid metastatic to breast diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

We report a patient in whom fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a breast mass, clinically suspected to be a mammary adenocarcinoma, established the diagnosis of a carcinoid metastatic to breast. The aspirate smears resembled a primary breast carcinoma; however, subtle cytomorphologic differences were present. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of the aspirate material confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoid.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Intraluminal crystalloids in malignant salivary gland tumors (electron microscopic and X-ray microanalytic studies).

The ultrastructural, X-ray microanalytical, histochemical and immunocytochemical features of intraluminal crystalloids found in adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland have been studied. The crystalloids, putatively derived from an abnormal crystalization of salivary duct proteins, are considerably different from the crystalloids found in normal parotid glands, pleomorphic adenomas, and sialocysts.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural observations in cat scratch disease.

Because the causative bacterium of cat scratch disease has not been definitively cultured or fully characterized, the authors have studied its ultrastructure in lymph node biopsies from two patients using glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. In both specimens, the organisms were invariably extracellular, forming small groups within bundles of collagen fibrils. Their appearance was similar in necrotic and viable regions of the nodes, although in the latter sites they could not be identified by light microscopic examination with the Warthin-Starry stain. The bacteria were pleomorphic rods, and, despite faint gram-negative staining, their walls were consistently thick and homogeneous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Adult neuroblastoma of bone: a case report.

Adult neuroblastoma is an uncommon tumor and it is rare for one to present as a primary bone lesion. We report the case of a 23-year-old man in whom the tumor initially appeared in the right scapula. Light microscopic, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic findings were typical of neuroblastoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural diagnosis of melanoma from an endoscopic biopsy.

A 56-year-old male with abdominal symptoms and hypoalbuminemia was found to have multiple polypoid lesions on an upper gastrointestinal series, suggesting intestinal involvement by lymphoma. An endoscopic biopsy was interpreted by light microscopy as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Study of the endoscopic biopsy by electron microscopy revealed epithelial features including intracytoplasmic acini, but the presence of premelanosomes in the tumor cells established the diagnosis of malignant melanoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

The ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of renal cell carcinoma.

The spectrum of ultrastructural features of a series of primary renal cell adenocarcinomas, including clear cell, granular, oncocytic, and sarcomatoid types, and a group of metastatic renal cell adeno-carcinomas has been studied. The contributions of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry as adjuncts to light microscopy and histochemistry in the differential diagnosis of metastatic renal cell adenocarcinoma in various anatomic locations are reviewed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural observations on smooth muscle tumors.

The ultrastructure of a series of primary and metastatic smooth muscle tumors is reviewed. Myofilaments and other smooth muscle features were present in all primary leiomyosarcomas of the soft tissues and uterus. They were also present but were less plentiful in most of the metastatic leiomyosarcomas. Electron microscopy is therefore a useful method to establish the diagnosis of a suspected leiomyosarcoma. Stromal tumors of the gastro-intestinal tract may require correlated immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies for their identification: 9 of the 50 cases examined were positive with immunostaining for S-100 protein, and 16 tumors with epithelioid transformation did not show evidence of smooth muscle differentiation by electron microscopy.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic electron microscopy using fine needle aspiration biopsies.

Electron microscopy can be a valuable aid to light microscopy in the interpretation of fine needle aspiration biopsies of tumors, but considerable care in procuring and processing the specimen is necessary to recover the tumor cells and avoid altering their fine structure. Fixation followed by filtration through a cloth screen is recommended. Experience with this technique is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗