Oxidative metabolism of the limbic system in prepuberal rats.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
B Marín
Publications and source records attributed to B Marín.
Oxidative activity of limbic structures during sexual cycle in rats.
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Amygdala↗
Prenatal melatonin exposure influences the maturation of gonadotropin and prolactin estradiol-benzoate feedback system.
Gonadotropin and prolactin response to estrogen feedback in female rat offspring of control and melatonin treated (150 microg/100 g BW) mother rats during pregnancy (MEL-offspring) were studied at these periods: infantile, prepubertal and pubertal. In controls negative or absent LH feedback developed after estradiol benzoate (EB) injection up to 30 days of age indicating that the onset of puberty had not occurred. The positive feedback was established from day 33 on. However, in MEL-offspring the first activation of gonadotropin secretion during afternoon, 31 h after EB, was observed at 25 days of age, representing the first neuroendocrine sign of the onset of puberty. This positive response disappeared on day 30 in MEL-offspring. At 33 days of age, the LH positive response to EB was found in both groups, indicating a more advanced sexual development. In controls, this response increased at 35 days of age while in MEL-offspring it was highly depressed. FSH secretion in response to EB showed a negative feedback effect from infantile to the end of prepubertal period in both groups. The positive feedback was observed earlier in MEL-offspring (at 33 days of age) than in controls (at 35 days of age), but at this age it was absent in MEL-offspring. A positive prolactin response to EB at all ages in controls was observed. The typical pulsatility with higher values in the afternoon appeared by the first time at 30 days of age. However, in MEL-offspring no pulsatile response was observed throughout any age. These data suggest that prenatal melatonin administration altered gonadotropin and prolactin response to EB inducing precocious sensitivity during prepubertal period but depressed response during the pubertal period.
Animals↗
[Weaning from mechanical ventilation. The aim of nursing research].
Management of patients difficult to wean from the ventilator is a practical challenge in which professional nurses are deeply involved.The clinical research applied over the last years has tried to describe the characteristics of weaning phenomenon and the associated factors, to find predictive outcomes to guide clinical decisions, to search new strategies to conduct the protocols and to identify the most effective modes of weaning. In this paper a critical review of the current knowledge from a nursing perspective is done. The weaning conceptual model proposed by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) group has been used as a theoretical framework.
Humans↗
[Study of the accumulation of lead in the primary teeth].
The purpose of the study was to determine the accumulation of lead in deciduous teeth in children living in the area of Pamplona (Spain). In this manner, we tried to make a relationship between the quantity of lead accumulated in the tooth against certain factors of exposure that were documented on a questionnaire carried out at the time that the tooth was presented. We analysed 457 deciduous teeth using a technique of microwave digestion follow by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), to determine the concentration of lead in the sample. The mean lead concentration was 2.60+/-1.36 microg/g (range 0.25-10.71 microg/g). The lead concentration in our study is inferior to those observed in other European studies.
English Abstract↗
[Consumption of alcohol over a long period and the oxidative metabolism of nervous and glandular structures associated with sexual activity].
The aim of the present work is to find out whether nervous structures (hypothalamus, hypophysis, septal area, amygdala, caudate nucleus, anterior cortex (latero-frontal), posterior cortex (latero-occipital); and the glandular structures (testicles, adrenal gland, and seminal vesicle) involved in the regulation of the sexual behaviour of the male rat, are altered after an alcohol intake extending over 36 generations. The animals were killed by decapitation immediately after the sexual behaviour test was carried out. Then the oxidative metabolism (manometric technique) and the weight of the structures mentioned above were examined. The statistical analysis of the results showed that prolonged intake of alcohol over a period of 36 generations produces a significant increase in the consumption of O2 where the ventromedial hypothalamus, septal area, hypophysis, amygdala, caudate nucleus, and anterior cortex are concerned; whereas a significant decrease in the weight of testicles, hypophysis, and adrenal gland was observed. However the weight of the seminal vesicles underwent a significant increase after intake over a long period of ethanol when it was compared with its respective control. In view of these results the influence of alcohol on the oxidative metabolism of the lymbical structures is discussed, as is also the effect of alcohol on the reproductive system of these animals.
Animals↗
Effects of ocular enucleation on the oxidative metabolism of CNS structures and ovarium in female rats.
In this paper we have studied oxygen uptake of the amygdala, hypothalamus, septal area, anterior cortex (latero-frontal), posterior cortex (latero-occipital) and ovarium in female rats in the oestrous and dioestrous phases with occular enculeation. Our results point to a statistically significant difference in the oestrous phase of the posterior cortex and ovarium levels, comparing control rats with the enucleated ones. In the dioestrous phase, the modifications that we have encountered are at the amygdala and ovarium. We point out the possible participation of the pineal gland in the control of the sexual cycle in in enucleated rats.
Animals↗
[Analysis of the situation of intensive care units].
Since 1990, the Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias has carried out initiatives aiming to collect data which allows us to make an analysis of the status of the ICU nurses and the characteristics of the Units where these professionals develop their activity. This project was performed during 1992 and 1993, with a survey in 132 sanitary centres of the public network in the national territory, in which information about the number of ICUs and their number of beds, number of nurses and assistants in the institution and those ones specifically assigned to ICU, number of admissions, average stay, occupation percentage, admission causes, use of systems of valuation of the seriousness index, staff seniority, shift systems, staff stability, etc; all this data and others referring to 1991. From 53 hospitalary centres that answered the questionnaire, we obtained information of 94 ICUs in which there was an average of 10.4 beds, with 550 admissions per unit (average/year) and an index of occupation of 78%. The average number of nurses who work in each ICU was 22.7, with a nurse/bed ratio in the global calculation of staff of 2.18. In the analysis of shifts, the nurse/bed ratio was one nurse to every 2.08 patients (1:2.08) when there is a maximum of staff during the morning shift. This index is lower in the other shifts. The average of assistants is 12.1 with an assistant/bed ratio of 1.17. When studying the shifts systems, the rotatory shift outstands in 53.19% of ICUs and the existence of rotation systems of staff in other units is 8.5%. With reference to the characteristics of the staff, the average seniority of Nurses was 6.7 years, 76.4% have own their post and the percentage of new intake in 1991 was 22.5%. The lack of incentives to work in ICU is notable, the most problematic aspects being the insufficient economic remuneration, lack of motivation, scarce human resources and insufficient training, among others. Finally, according to the teaching and research activity performed in the units, 5.4% of ICUs have a nurse in the unit with exclusive dedication to teaching, in 20.4% there are nurses who keep a contractual relationship with University Nursing Schools, in 42.6% of the units there are training programs for the new staff and 67% perform some sort of research activity although in most of the cases it is only sporadic.
Adult↗
International study of asthma and allergies in childhood. Results of the first phase of the I.S.A.A.C. project in Pamplona, Spain.
The international study of asthma and allergy in childhood was designed for the epidemiological investigation of asthma, by means of a standardized methodology. It was started in 1989, as a consequence of very different results obtained in previous epidemiological studies, of which none could be considered as definitive. First, a standardized survey was performed, in order to determine the prevalence of asthma in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia, and subsequently several countries joined them, Spain being one of them. The first objective was to discover the prevalence and severity of bronchial asthma in children who lived in different countries, and to compare the results. Also, it was intended to obtain baseline measurements, in order to assess future trends in asthma prevalence and severity, and to facilitate a base for a subsequent phase of etiologic investigation. For this study, following a protocol previously established, a written survey and a video-survey were given to children aged 13 and 14, and a written survey to the parents of the children aged 6 and 7. All the surveys were performed during the school year 1993-1994. A total of 8,087 surveys were conducted in 53 schools from Pamplona and neighbouring towns. Among the group of children aged 13 and 14, 5.3% had a crisis in the study period, whereas 4.4% suffered from an acute attack. This prevalence was not as high in children aged 6 and 7, for whom the percentages were 3.3% and 3.2%, respectively. We found lower prevalences in the two groups in relation to other countries, and we attribute this result, on one hand to the accessibility to doctors in our area, and on the other hand, to early diagnosis of the disease by specialists, periodic control and suitable etiologic treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Validation in Spain of the dysfunctional ventilatory response to weaning].
In this article we present the study financed by the Sanitary Investigations Fund (FIS), with the objectives to prove that the Nursing Diagnosis of "Dysfunctional Ventilatory Response at Weaning" (DWRU) incorporated to the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), is valid in Spain; as well as identify the items which configure its definition. A descriptive observational study was performed in nine Intensive Care Units belonging to six autonomous communities, including as study subjects 89 male and female nurses who are experts in yhe care of critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation. The model of validation proposed by Fehring and the Delphi Technique were used. The data were analysed calculating the average of the weights of each defining feature; percentage and average calculus; opinion percentages about the related factors; variability calculus; and factorial analysis of the result. The results make us conclude that Spanish nurses who have experience in taking care of critically ill patients, identify DWRU as a phenomenon which patients in our environment present and which can be treated by them. Besides, the identification of levels of DWRU into Severe, Moderate and Slight which the NANDA suggests, is better applied using an association of factors than defining higher and lower features.
Critical Care↗
[Certification of professional competence in critical care. Opinion survey].
This article gathers the results and conclusions derived from a survey performed by the Work Group of the SEEIUC dedicated to the development of the Professional Certificate in Intensive Care. The survey was carried out with the aim of obtaining the opinion of nursing professionals who work in Intensive Care Units, about the training and requirements which are necessary to work in these units. The questionnaires were sent to all the members of the SEEIUC and to a great number of mixed, surgical, trauma and coronary ICUs all over the country. Among the opinions which were collected, the following ones must be pointed out: specific nursing knowledgement is necessary to work in Intensive Care; experience is essential to acquire confidence and good command of the job; nursing professionals need mechanisms which help their professional development; and the Certificate Programme is accepted as a valid system which certificates professional competence.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[Program for nursing certification in critical care].
This article presents the Nursing Certification Program in Critical Care through which the Spanish Society of Intensive Nursing and Coronary Units (SEEIUC) accredits, by means of a diploma, the professional competence of graduate nurses in the care of critically ill patients. The program describes the system of certification and focuses on the study material for the examination, which is grouped into eleven thematic units. The first exam will be held 10 June 1999 in Palma de Mallorca, coinciding with the XXV National Congress of the SEEIUC.
Certification↗