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Biomedical subjects

B O Osunkoya

Publications and source records attributed to B O Osunkoya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Severe morbidity among children in a trial malaria chemoprophylaxis with pyrimethamine or chloroquine in Ibarapa, Nigeria.

In a controlled trial of weekly malaria chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine and pyrimethamine there were no significant differences in type and frequency of severe morbidity during chemoprophylaxis. Administration of chemoprophylaxis during the current and immediately preceding month was associated with significantly fewer episodes of severe morbidity in the chloroquine and pyrimethamine groups when each was compared with the control multivite group. After chemoprophylaxis had been stopped, significantly more episodes of severe morbidity occurred in the chloroquine group than the control group, but a similar trend in the pyrimethamine group was not statistically significant. In the control group most of the episodes of severe morbidity, including those episodes which were associated with heavy parasitaemia, occurred below the age of 4 years. In contrast, the children who received chemoprophylaxis continued to experience such illness at older ages. The difference between the chloroquine group and the control group in respect of age at time of severe morbidity was statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

The effect of substance(s) associated with malarial parasites on C3b inactivator.

The effects of a substance or substances associated with malarial parasites on the inhibitory role of C3b inactivator in immune adherence were investigated. The test system involved adherence of immune complexes of complement-bearing sheep erythrocytes and rabbit antibody, using human group O erythrocytes and human renal glomerular tissues as indicators. Malarial antigen and other soluble by-products of the malarial parasites, presumably present in spent culture medium, did not interfere with the inhibitory role of C3b inactivator. However, malarial pigment, both crude and purified, enhanced immune adherence in the presence of C3b inactivator. It is suggested that malarial pigment, by inhibiting the action of C3b inactivator, may play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of renal lesions associated with malarial infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Blood lymphocytes and measles viraemia.

Previously described giant multinucleated cells were observed in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) cultures of washed leucocytes from blood samples of seventeen (36%) out of forty-seven children with measles or undiagnosed fever in Ibadan. The giant cells were more readily seen in PHA cultures of purified lymphocyte preparations than in total leucocyte suspensions. It was concluded that the giant cells seen in cultures indicate in-vivo infection of some blood lymphocytes of patients with measles and related infections by syncytium-producing virus. The practical application of lymphocyte cultures to the laboratory diagnosis of measles is stressed, and the concept of circulating lymphocytes acting as vehicles for the systemic spread of measles infection is highlighted.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte subpopulations and antibody levels in immunized malnourished children.

1. The proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations (by rosette tests) and the serum antibody levels (using haemagglutination techniques) were estimated in malnourished and well fed Nigerian children before and up to 21 d after immunization with tetanus toxoid or measles virus vaccine. 2. Significantly diminished (P less than 0.01) mean percentage T lymphocyte levels and considerably higher mean percentage null cell levels were observed in the malnourished children before immunization with either of the vaccines. 3. There was comparable in vivo increases in percentage T lymphocytes in malnourished and control children following the administration of each antigen. 4. The mean percentage B lymphocyte levels were similar in the control and malnourished children before and after the immunization. 5. There was a slight depression in the tetanus antibody levels (P greater than 0.2) but a significant diminution (P less than 0.01) in measles virus antibody concentrations in the malnourished children. 6. Rise in mean percentage T lymphocytes corresponded with the elevation in mean tetanus antibody levels in both malnourished and control children following tetanus toxoid immunization. This was however not the situation in the malnourished children following immunization with measles virus. 7. The observed depressed T lymphocyte number in malnourished children may in practice affect their handling of antigens such as measles virus in vivo.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

IgG subclass levels in malaria-infected Nigerians.

IgG class and subclass levels were measured in the sera of malaria-infected patients who had high serum antibody titres (greater than or equal to 1 in 5,120) as well as in uninfected controls with low serum malaria antibody titres (less than or equal to 1 in 320). The malaria-infected patients had higher IgG and IgGI subclass levels than the uninfected controls (p less than 0.005). There was a slight diminution in the mean IgG3 concentration in the malaria-infected patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The occurrence and properties of E rosette inhibitory substance in the sera of malnourished children.

In vitro sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette inhibitory activity was observed in the sera of nine out of 22 (41%) children with kwashiorkor, three of 15 (20%) marasmic children, neither of the two children with marasmic-kwashiorkor and in one of 42 (2%) well nourished control children. Sera of children with kwashiorkor containing the E rosette inhibitory substance did not inhibit in vitro rosette formations by autologous lymphocytes whereas rosette formations by homologous lymphocytes were inhibited. Inhibition of E rosette formation occurred when lymphocytes were pretreated with serum having the inhibitory substance before incubation with sheep red cells, but there was no such inhibition when sheep red cells were pretreated with the same serum before incubation with lymphocytes. The inhibitory substance was observed to be stable at 4 degrees C up to about 1 week and migrated electrophoretically with the alpha-2 globulins. It was digested by papain. It is probable that the E rosette inhibitory substance demonstrated in the present study is attached to markers on T lymphocyte surfaces in some malnourished children thereby making the lymphocytes unreactive in vitro and presumably in vivo as well.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in malnourished Nigerian children.

Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) types 1 and 2 were determined by a micro-neutralisation method in 37 children with kwashiorkor, 16 with marasmus, and in 64 well-nourished control children. All the children were aged between 1 and 4 years. The prevalence of antibodies was similar in the two sexes and at different ages. HVH-1 antibodies were present in 51% of children with kwashiorkor, in 44% with marasmus, and in 26% of well-nourished children, reflecting the very poor socioeconomic conditions of malnourished children. HVH-2 antibodies too were present in about 19% of children with kwashiorkor, and in 2% of well-nourished controls; they were absent in marasmic children. It is suggested that HVH-2 infection in malnourished children is facilitated by the communal use of fomites--such as bedclothes and underwear.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Serum levels of immunoglobulin G subclasses in Nigerians.

IgG subclass levels were determined in 128 apparently normal Nigerian subjects aged 6--42 years, using a modified radial immunodiffusion technique. IgG1 constituted the major subclass with about 70% of the total IgG. IgG4 subclass was the least with about 0.5%. The concentrations of IgG2 and IgG3 were 27% and 1.5% of the total IgG respectively. There was no systematic effect of age on all the subclasses. IgG1 and IgG2 levels were higher in females than in males but there were no marked differences in the IgG3 and IgG4 levels between the sexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Severe malaria and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency: a reappraisal of the malaria/G-6-P.D. hypothesis.

Nigerian children with convulsions and Plasmodium falciparium parasitaemia above 100,000/microliter did not show a decreased frequency of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G.-6-P.D.) deficiency. A re-evaluation of earlier studies has led to the conclusion that clinical evidence of protection against falciparum malaria in G.-6-P.D.-deficient individuals is lacking. Evidence for the possible role of malaria in selecting for G.-6-P.D.-deficient genes consists solely of the geographical association of high frequencies of G.-6-P.D. deficiency with endemic malaria.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Immunoglobulin allotypes in African populations. I. Gm--Am haplotypes in a Nigerian population.

The study of immunoglobulin allotypes in various Negro populations has shown that their polymorphism is different from that in other populations. This particularly true for the alleles of the gamma3 and alpha2 locus. Numerous investigations have been made in which a limited number of markers were determined. It seems to be of importance to compare the results of the determination of all markers known at present in different tribes from various African countries. Such information may ultimately lead to additional support for theories on the origin and migration of early African inhabitants. In this paper we resent the results of the study of the first of a series of studies on African populations.

Black People↗
PubMed1978

The detection of antibodies to hookworm larva in patients by immunofluorescence: a preliminary report.

Using the fluorescent antibody technique 84% of patients with severe hookworm infection and 74% of Nigerian blood donors have detecable antibodies that react with surface antigen of hookworm larvae. On the other hand only 24% of Nigerian medical students and 20% of Caucasians (Canadians) have such antibodies in their sera. It is suggested that while the results of tests on students may be due to the relatively infrequent contact with hookworm the antibody positivity in the Caucasians may be due to cross reaction with other related helminths. The titre of antibody produced in the hookworm infected patients was similar to that of the blood donors but differed from other groups. Lower positivity rates were observed with further dilution of sera in the hookworm infected patients. This may be due to their relative incapacity to produce potent hookworm antibody. Further work on this aspect is required as well as improvement of the specificity of the technique.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Correlation of birthweight with foeto-maternal immunoglobulin, total protein and albumin profile.

Using immunodiffusion and biuret methods, immunoglobulins (GAMD), total proteins and albumin measurements were performed at birth on 100 apparently healthy Nigerian mothers and their babies. Sizeable concentrations of IgG were present at birth even in babies with low birth weights (1360 mg/100 ml). The mean IgG level in babies with low birth weights (2,500 g or less) was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in average weight and above average weight babies. The mean maternal and cord IgG levels were approximately equal in all except in the low birth weight babies where the mean maternal level was about 40% higher than the mean cord level. The scatter in IgG values was more pronounced in babies with low birth weights than the others. Mothers with higher IgG levels than in their corresponding babies were most prominent in the 'low birth weight' group. There was no significant difference between the maternal as well as between the cord serum IgA and IgM levels. The mean cord serum IgA and IgM levels were about 4 and 10% respectively of their mothers. Compared with the Caucasians, relatively higher quantities of IgD were found in the Nigerian mothers. Twenty-one percent of the maternal and all the cord sera had no detectable amount of IgD. The mean maternal total proteins though higher than the cord serum proteins, showed no statistical difference. The foeto-maternal serum albumin differential, showed statistical difference when average weight babies and above average weight babies were considered (P less than 0.05) but not with low birth weight babies (P less than 0.2).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Sero-epidemiology of herpes type-2 virus and carcinoma of the cervix in Ibadan.

Various sero-epidemiologic studies, including the preliminary report from Ibadan, have established that most women with premalignant and malignant carcinoma of the cervix have serologic evidence of infection of herpes type-2 virus. Using immunofluorescence method, the earlier report in Ibadan was confirmed, whereby the prevalence of HT-2 virus antibodies was shown to be significantly associated with carcinoma of the cervix, especially the squamous cell type. However, there was no such association with the grade and stage of the disease.

Adult↗