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Biomedical subjects

B Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Pedersen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with loss of the segment distal to M-bcr.

We describe a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and a 22q- but no 9q+ chromosome. Southern blot analysis showed a BCR rearrangement. The patient soon developed profound and superficial thrombophlebitis in arms and legs and died from pulmonary embolisation 15 days after diagnosis. Five CML cases with a deletion of 22q but no known translocation of 22q11----qter have been described earlier. The present patient is the first such case, however, in whom a BCR rearrangement has been demonstrated.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1992

Serum IgE in nonatopic smokers, nonsmokers, and recent exsmokers: relation to lung function, airway symptoms, and atopic predisposition.

The influence of smoking on serum IgE (s-IgE) was studied in a selected nonatopic population. The variation in s-IgE was followed during 1 year of smoking abstinence. The study included 287 smokers and 137 never smokers. IgE was higher in smokers compared with IgE in never smokers (p less than 0.005). Male smokers had higher s-IgE than female smokers (p less than 0.01). S-IgE was independent of age and claims of atopy among first-degree relatives. Weighted pack-years consumption was defined for cigarette smokers by modifying pack-years consumption by nicotine content of the brand smoked. Weighted pack-years consumption was associated with level of s-IgE (p less than 0.05). S-IgE was higher in smokers with airway symptoms compared with that in smokers without symptoms (p less than 0.01). In smokers older than 50 years of age, there tended to be decreased FEV1 residuals (0.05 less than p less than 0.06), and presence of airway symptoms was (p less than 0.03) associated with high levels of s-IgE independent of each other. In 92 quitters, s-IgE increased during the first 26 weeks of abstinence (p less than 0.05), and after 1 year, s-IgE had returned to baseline. The increase was only observed in smokers younger than 40 years and had no relation to variations in FEV1 during the 1-year follow-up. The increase in s-IgE after smoking cessation was transient, of minor clinical importance, and probably caused by a relief from an immunosuppressive influence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Survival of patients with t(1;7)(p11;p11). Report of two cases and review of the literature.

t(1;7)(p11;p11) is a relatively rare chromosome aberration, in most cases associated with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia. Earlier, many patients received chemotherapy for a malignant disease. The prognosis is usually poor. I describe two patients and review the literature. Thirty-six of the 73 had a history of previous exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Alkylating agents had been used in 29. The median survival after observation of the translocation was only 11 months, a much shorter survival time than is common for patients with secondary hematologic disorders. Sex, diagnosis, hemoglobin concentration, and percentage of metaphases containing t(1;7) were independent prognostic factors. Despite its relation to earlier chemotherapy, the chromosome aberrations associated with t(1;7) lack the cytogenetic features characteristic of therapy-induced disorders.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Effect of spirapril on left ventricular hypertrophy due to volume overload in rats.

The effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor spirapril on structural and functional parameters of volume-overloaded rat hearts was evaluated in a time-course study. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was induced by graded disruption of the aortic valve in male Wistar rats. Four weeks later, structural (LV mass and LV wall thickness) as well as functional parameters [LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF)] were determined in anesthetized animals by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The rats were then divided into two groups, one of them receiving spirapril (10 mg/kg/day) in food. LV parameters were evaluated by MRI at 4, 18, 25, and 32 days after treatment was started. MRI analysis before the start of treatment showed that both groups had developed a similar degree of eccentric LV hypertrophy. Similarly, LV wall thickness, end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, SV, and EF did not differ between the groups. Treatment with spirapril resulted in stable LV weight during the follow-up period of 32 days, whereas the untreated group showed a significant steady increase in heart weight. LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, and SV were smaller in the spirapril group when measured after 25 and 32 days, but only the difference in end-diastolic volume reached statistical significance. LV wall thickness and EF were not affected by spirapril. After the last MRI determinations, blood pressure (BP) and the response to angiotensin I (ANGI) were measured in conscious animals. Systolic BP (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower in spirapril-treated rats, and the dose-response curve to ANGI was shifted to the right.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

Trisomy 4: clinical picture, hematology, and survival. Presentation of two cases and review of the literature.

Two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and trisomy 4 as the only cytogenetic aberration are presented. Including the two, a total of 31 cases with this karyotype have been described till now. A review of the 31 cases shows that they fall into two distinct age groups, a younger group of 10 patients (5-34 years) and an older group of 21 patients (50-75 years). With four exceptions the diagnosis was ANLL in all cases, mostly FAB classes M2 and M4. At the time of diagnosis 18 had clinical signs of active infection. In 20 cases the peripheral leukocyte count was above 10 x 10(9)/L but not associated with presence/absence of infection. The median survival was 17 months from diagnosis. Independent prognostic factors were diagnosis (p = 0.01), peripheral leukocyte count (p = 0.03), and percentage of metaphases with trisomy 4 (p = 0.04). The two age groups as well as presence/absence of infection at the time of diagnosis were without significant prognostic consequences.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Hybrid acute leukemia: therapeutical implications of immunological phenotyping.

We phenotyped blood and bone marrow cells from a patient with acute Ph1+ acute leukemia longitudinally during the four months he received intensive chemotherapy. At presentation this case of biphenotypic acute leukemia had two immunologically different types of blast cells, one expressed CD10 (CALLA), CD13 (MY7) and CD33 (MY9) but lacked CD20 (B1), the other type expressed no CD10 or CD33. The phenotype, during AML induction therapy, changed to a more CD10+, CD20+ ALL one. ALL therapy based on these findings induced improvement in bone marrow function but the patient died of septicemia at day 134. The use of concomitant immunophenotyping (IP) and cell cycle analysis had shown proliferation advantage of the more lymphoid malignant cells. These results suggest that it is possible to induce lineage-associated changes in the phenotype of hybrid malignant cells and that these leukemias might be treated best according to longitudinal immunophenotyping of the blast cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome].

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a rare disease. The clinical and immunological features of HIE are discussed on the basis of a case history. A 28 year old woman had a life-long history of infections of the skin and the sinopulmonary tract. Because of elevated serum-IgE and several positive skin- and RAST-tests she had erroneously been classified as having multiple allergies including food allergy. We found a very high serum-IgE and negative challenge test. Additionally we found decreased oxidative metabolism of blood neutrophils and monocytes. This finding could explain the increased susceptibility to infections in HIE-patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Stab wounds and lacerations among operating room personnel].

In order to illustrate frequency of peroperative accidental needle-stick injuries and lacerations among operation theatre staff, the theatre staffs in the Central Hospital in Hillerød (CH), the County Hospital in Roskilde (ASR) and the St. Elisabeth Municipal Hospital in Copenhagen (SE) were requested to complete a questionnaire after every operation in which they had participated. This investigation took place during a period of three months in CH and two months in ASR and SE. A total of 861 questionnaires were completed with a percentage of replies of 54.4. Of these, 355 (41%) were gynaecological/obstetric interventions, 297 (35%) orthopaedic surgical interventions and 188 (22%) general surgical while 21 (2%) were unspecified. A total 187 (21.7%) cases of holes in the gloves, 47 (5.5%) accidental needlesticks and two (0.23%) accidental lacerations. The frequency of needlestick injuries was greater during gynaecological operations than with the orthopedic surgical and general surgical operations. No differences were observed in the average durations of operation in cases of lesion or total number of lesions. Among the operations, 657 (76.3%) were elective operations, 168 (19.5%) were emergencies and 36 (4.2%) were unspecified. Thirty (4.6%) of the needlestick injuries occurred during the elective interventions and 14 (8.3%) during the emergency operations. As a rule, it was the operating surgeon who injured himself with a needle and the commonest site of the lesion was the pulp of the left index finger. Only one of these lesions had been notified as an occupational injury.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Epicrises from a department of medical gastroenterology].

The content of discharge letters is important to general practice in order to give an optimal physical, psychiatric and social treatment in view of ideal utilization of the resources in the primary health service. The content of 91 discharge letters from a medical department of gastroenterology was judged by the general practitioner. Most often medication on discharge (25%) and reason for referral (15%) were missing. Dissatisfaction was expressed about late receipt of discharge letters (median: 13 days), the lack of information given to the patients, medicine on discharge, as well as reasons for possible changes in medication. The quality and content of the discharge letter were evaluated as good on the whole (80%). It is concluded that the discharge letter should have a higher priority and, for example, training is necessary. Further investigations are needed to solve these problems.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed1991

Effect on smoking cessation of silver acetate, nicotine and ordinary chewing gum. Influence of smoking history.

In a randomized smoking cessation study 211, 203 and 82 persons were supported with nicotine, silver acetate and ordinary chewing gum, respectively. After 26 weeks there was no overall difference in number of abstainers between treatments. Participants were divided into subsets with low and high weighted packyears consumption (WPY) which modifies tobacco consumption by nicotine content. Abstainer rates in the total population controlled for treatment decreased with increasing WPY (P less than 0.005). In participants with low WPY abstainer rate was higher in the silver acetate group compared to the nicotine (P less than 0.0005) and ordinary (P less than 0.05) chewing gum groups. Nicotine chewing gum was more effective than silver acetate (P less than 0.05) and ordinary (P less than 0.05) chewing gum in smokers with high WPY. Ratings on some inconveniences experienced during earlier attempts to quit smoking influenced the ability to break the habit but had no influence on chewing gum effects. This study indicated that through consideration of smoking history it should be possible to individualize pharmacological support to smokers wanting to quit, with silver acetate chewing gum most effective for smokers with a low WPY and nicotine chewing gum most effective for smokers with a high WPY.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

Trisomy 13: a preferentially male chromosome aberration interfering specifically with myeloid proliferation and differentiation? Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of trisomy 13 is presented: a 73-year-old man with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), FAB borderline M1/M2, and peripheral leukocyte and platelet counts that were difficult to control with chemotherapy. A literature review shows that 35 cases of trisomy 13 are known at present. They are characterized by male predominance (76%), preferentially myeloid disorders (ANLL, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myeloid leukemia), leucocytosis, and relatively high platelet counts and hemoglobins. It is suggested that trisomy 13 is a specific nosologic entity with male predominance and characterized by interference with proliferation and differentiation in the myeloid differentiation series.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of PC20 histamine with the use of two different nebulizers and measurement of FEV1 and PEF.

Histamine challenge was performed in 19 patients using two nebulizers (PARI and Wright) and FEV1 and PEF were measured to determine PC20 histamine. FEV1 and PEF gave identical PC20 histamine values. The PARI nebulizer gave PC20 histamine values that were 2.5 doubling concentrations lower than the Wright nebulizer. The reproducibility of histamine challenge with the PARI nebulizer was studied in 15 patients and the results suggested that the challenge was reproducible within one doubling concentration of histamine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Powder administration of pure budesonide for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a pure powder formulation of budesonide, delivered from a new multi-dose dispenser for nasal drug application, with the commercially available budesonide pressurized aerosol, and with placebo. Of 116 patients with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, 112 finished the study, which comprised a 4-week treatment period, preceded by a 1-week run-in period. The patients were randomized to four parallel treatment groups: budesonide powder 400 micrograms daily; budesonide powder 800 micrograms daily; budesonide aerosol 400 micrograms daily; and placebo powder. Treatment was given once daily in the morning. The study was double-blind regarding comparison between budesonide powder and placebo. Assessment of efficacy, made by comparing mean scores of nasal symptoms and use of rescue medication, showed equal efficacy of all three budesonide groups compared with placebo. There were no differences between budesonide-and placebo-treated groups with regard to side effects. Budesonide treatment had no demonstrable effect on the HPA-axis assessed by measurement of 24-h urine cortisol. We conclude that budesonide, delivered as pure powder from a multi-dose dispenser, is effective and safe for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This new formulation is a good alternative to the commercially available preparations, as it does not contain carrier gas, preservatives or lubricants.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

The effect of nicotine, silver acetate, and placebo chewing gum on the cessation of smoking. The influence of smoking type and nicotine dependence.

The effects of nicotine (NI), silver acetate (SA), and ordinary (PL) chewing gum on the cessation of smoking were compared through ratings on six smoking types and physiological nicotine dependence (F-score) in a placebo-controlled and randomized study that included 496 smokers in a group-support setting. Results were evaluated after 26 weeks. Ratings on smoking types 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 and F-score were related to success rates. The effect of NI was superior to SA in smokers with high type 1 ratings, the effects of NI and SA were almost equal and superior to PL in smokers with high type 4 and 6 ratings, and the effect was independent of the F-score. Treatment of smokers with NI and SA should be restricted to smoking types in which an effect superior to PL is documented, and research should be performed to find support for smoking types where SA and NI have a clear effect.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and prognostic implications of chromosome 5q deletions: 96 high resolution studied patients.

Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) is the most common structural rearrangement in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Owing to the variability of both breakpoints a large number of different deletions occur. However, as banding problems have hitherto precluded the precise localization of the breakpoints, it is still uncertain whether or not different deletions are associated with clinical differences. In this paper relationships between cytogenetic and clinical data were analyzed in 96 5q- cases investigated with high resolution techniques, which allow more precise breakpoint localizations. Twenty-nine cases have not been published before; the others were extracted from the literature. The analyses show: (1) With higher age at diagnosis the proximal breakpoint approaches the centromere. (2) The female patients are older, develop additional chromosome aberrations less often, and tend to live longer than the male patients. (3) del(5)(qI3q33), which is more frequent than any other deletion, tends to be associated with female sex and older age, and shows lower frequencies of additional chromosome abnormalities, and longer survival than the other deletions. It seems to constitute a more benign subgroup than the other deletions. (4) 5q31 is missing in 91 of 93 informative cases and is the most common deleted segment. (5) These results suggest that the deletion of 5q31 may be central in the pathogenesis of 5q- related disorders and that the deletion of other bands has important consequences for prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Wound complications after suturing of Achilles tendon ruptures].

During the period 1983-1988, 254 patients underwent simple end-to-end repair of closed ruptured Achilles tendons in our institution. During the same period, eight patients were treated with plastic repair on account of old ruptures, and 19 patients were treated conservatively on account of relative contraindication to open repair. The material of simple end-to-end repair is analyzed as regards factors which may be supposed to contributory to the rate of infection, wound healing and repeated rupture. The rate of major wound complication was low (2.4%) as was the rate of repeated rupture (1.6%). No single factor responsible for complications could be pointed out. However, compared to a high rate of deep infection in patients treated with plastic repair in our material and also in other studies, simple end-to-end suture is recommended in the treatment of rupture of the Achilles tendon when this is possible.

Achilles Tendon↗