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Biomedical subjects

B Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Pedersen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Two lymphoscintigraphic agents compared in vitro and in vivo in rabbit knees.

Two 99mTc-labelled colloidal radiopharmaceuticals [99mTc-albumin colloid (A) and 99mTc-rhenium sulfide colloid (B)] were compared in vitro in saline, plasma, and synovial fluid with regard to particle size, radiochemical purity, protein binding level, and stability at varying acidity. The purpose was to compare the two compounds in studies of lymphatic drainage from the knee joint of rabbits. Particle size for A was uniform at about 10 nm, but for B it varied between 40 and 80 nm. The radiochemical purity was lowest for B (90%-95%), with a small fraction of minor particles. B was protein bound, which was only the case for A in joint fluid from synovitic knees. A faster disappearance of A than B was observed from the knee joint, with lesser retention in the regional lymph nodes. A negligible uptake of colloid was seen in the liver. The major fraction of radioactivity absorbed from the knee was excreted in the urine. The differences between in vitro and in vivo stability are probably due to phagocytosis in the synovial membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The nutritive value of new and traditional sorghum and millet foods from Sudan.

In the present study was examined the nutritive value of different sorghum and millet based baby foods. Different types of kisra, some fortified with chickpeas or peanuts, were also included in the study. Finally was compared the influence of replacing wheat bran with sorghum bran in bread. The nutritive value was assessed by chemical analyses and by rat balance studies. The addition of chickpea and peanuts improved the quality of kisra a staple food of Sudan. This type of kisra can be used as a well-balanced food for infants above the age of one year. The baby food developed from sorghum/millet malt, milk powder and processed by drum drier provides a safe level of protein for children above the age of one month. This formulation and way of processing is well suited for commercial production of sorghum/millet based baby food. Based on the results of the present investigation it is recommended that the use of brown bread for infants should not exceed ten percent wheat or sorghum bran as it affects the digestibility in a negative way.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The nutritive value of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus). 3. Energy and fibre of raw and processed grain.

Digestibility of dietary fibre (DF) and energy of three pale-seeded and one dark-seeded variety of Amaranthus caudatus were studied in balance experiments with growing rats. Effects of processing: popping, toasting and flaking were also examined. The pale seeds contained about 8% of DF and the black seeds about twice as much. The soluble DF fraction made up 33-44% of the total DF (TDF) fraction in the pale-seeded varieties, but only 18% in the black seeds. The monomer sugar composition of the DF was very similar in all products. However, the black seeds were very high in lignin, and DF of the black-seeded products were more resistant to digestion than that of the pale-coloured products. In the pale amaranth products digestible energy (DE) varied between 86 and 91%. In the dark-seeded products DE was lower, and there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.92) between DE and TDF. Processing of pale seeds had only minor effects on TDF and DE, but increased the proportion of soluble DF and the digestibility of DF in one variety. The food intake tended to be lower in rats fed raw pale seeds compared with those consuming processed products, indicating the presence of heat-labile factors reducing palatability. In conclusion, the pale seeds had a lower content of DF than most cereal grains and the DF was more easily digested. As a source of energy, amaranth grains seem to be comparable to other cereals.

Amaranthus↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of photosensitive seizures in man by the beta-carboline, ZK 95962, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist.

A single-dose study of the beta-carboline, ZK 95962, on photosensitive generalized paroxysmal activity in the EEG was conducted in 6 patients with primary generalized epilepsy. Four of the patients were newly diagnosed and did not receive any antiepileptic drug or other medication during the study. Two were receiving current therapy with carbamazepine. A double-blind cross-over study with 2 injections of ZK 95962 (20 micrograms/kg body weight repeated 10 min after 1st injection) and 2 placebo injections were carried out in a randomized order, with 4 h intervals between the injections with active drug and placebo. On the day before the trial, the sensitivity range (standardized photosensitivity range, SPR) was determined hourly using flash frequencies of 2, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 Hz for 4 sec in ascending and descending order until generalized spikes or spike waves occurred. A significant reduction in photosensitivity was observed 2-12 min after injection of ZK 95962 in all patients, lasting 2-3 h. No change in the SPR was observed after placebo injections. The feelings of uneasiness and myoclonic jerks, provoked by photostimulation, were also abolished by ZK 95962, but not by placebo injections. Side effects, including sedation were not observed. The results suggest that benzodiazepine receptor ligands such as ZK 95962 may be potent antiepileptic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The prevalence of allergy in Danish farmers.

Sensitization to work-related and other common inhalation allergens was studied in 187 farmers by means of SPT and RAST. A positive RAST to house dust mites occurred in 6.4% and to storage mites in 5.3% of farmers. Sensitization to grain, pollen and animal dander was less frequent and a positive RAST to moulds was not found. There was a very strong association between a positive RAST to house dust mites and storage mites (odds ratio 173.6). Smoking seemed to be a risk factor for sensitization to mites, pollen, grain, and animal dander. Smokers who had lived in damp dwellings had a significantly increased risk of sensitization to mites (odds ratio 6.2-12.6), whereas this was not so with non-smokers (odds ratio 0.9-2.0).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nasal inhalation of the glucocorticoid budesonide from a spacer for the treatment of patients with pollen rhinitis and asthma.

Glucocorticoid sprays are increasingly used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. This therapy is highly effective, and side effects are few and mild. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate a physiological nasal inhalation technique, which results in airway deposition of the steroid molecule similar to that of inhaled allergen particles. Thirty adults with grass pollen-induced rhinitis and asthma inhaled the steroid molecule budesonide through the nose from a pressurized aerosol attached to a spacer device. Compared with inhalation of placebo, the treatment resulted in a significant reduction of nasal symptoms (P = 0.005), of bronchial symptoms (P = 0.005), but not of eye symptoms. In addition, nasal peak inspiratory flow (P = 0.0003) and oral peak expiratory flow (P = 0.02) increased. There was no difference between budesonide and placebo with regard to local side effects, such as nose bleeding, hoarseness, and irritation in mouth and throat. It is concluded that nasal inhalation of a steroid from a spacer offers effective therapy of pollen rhinitis and asthma without significant local side effects. This therapeutic modality may have advantages over the ordinarily used nasal and bronchial spray treatment in patients with both rhinitis and asthma, especially when conventional spray therapy is associated with local side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Effect of nicotine, silver acetate, and ordinary chewing gum in combination with group counselling on smoking cessation.

Four hundred and ninety six smokers participated in a randomised comparison of the effect of silver acetate, nicotine, and ordinary chewing gum on smoking cessation. All were motivated to stop smoking abruptly and all had smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day for at least five years. Side effects and taste acceptability were related to outcome after six months. The participants attended nine meetings over a year, at which lectures, support, and advice about stopping smoking were given. Tobacco abstinence was confirmed by measurement of carbon monoxide in expired air. The chewing gums were used for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks there was a trend towards more abstainers in the nicotine group (59%) than in the silver acetate (50%) and ordinary (45%) chewing gum groups that was not quite significant (p = 0.07). At 26 and 52 weeks the number of cigarette abstainers was similar in the three treatment groups. Subjects in the nicotine chewing gum group had a longer mean time before relapse than those in the silver acetate and ordinary chewing gum groups. Mean success rates for all subjects combined at 12, 26, and 52 weeks were 52.8%, 39.7%, and 23.3%. The side effects of nicotine and silver acetate chewing gum were generally mild and transient, and unimportant except for mouth irritation from silver acetate, which had a negative effect on outcome, and the low taste acceptability of nicotine, which had a strong negative influence on the success rate. The results suggest a short term effect on nicotine chewing gum on smoking cessation, but the abstinence rates after one year were generally disappointing.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

Relation between respiratory symptoms, type of farming, and lung function disorders in farmers.

Respiratory symptoms and function were examined in a random sample of 181 farmers (124 pig farmers and 57 dairy farmers) with a mean age of 43 years. Wheezing and shortness of breath during work in the animal house were significantly associated with pig farming (odds ratio 11.4), current smoking (odds ratio 2.2), bronchial hyperreactivity (odds ratio 3.8), and low FEV1 (odds ratio 3.4). Pig farmers had a slightly lower FEV1 than dairy farmers (101% versus 104% predicted, NS). Symptomatic farmers had significantly lower FEV1 than symptomless farmers (93% versus 106% predicted). A multiple linear regression analysis of the cross sectional values of FEV1 showed that there was a decline in FEV1 associated with pig farming (-12 ml/year of pig farming) and smoking (-23 ml/pack year) in addition to the age related decline of 32 ml/year. A multiple linear regression analysis of PC20 histamine showed that bronchial reactivity increased with age, number of pack years, and number of years in pig farming. Work in closed pig rearing units is a pulmonary health hazard and causes decline in lung function.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Granulocyte maturation and the chromosome deletion 17p- in primary myelodysplastic syndrome.

Recent molecular biological investigations have shown that genetic information on the short arm of chromosome 17 is frequently deleted or inactivated in acute myeloid leukaemias and a number of solid tumours. In earlier studies we have found clonal occurrence of a 17p deletion (17p-) in patients with refractory anaemia. In the present study we investigated the time patterns of 17p- and morphological characters of bone marrow cells in 14 myelodysplastic patients with clonal 17p- who have been reinvestigated within 3- to 6-month intervals for 15-56 (median 37) months. We found that the 17p- frequency increases significantly with time. Further, the deletion is positively correlated with bone marrow myeloblast frequencies and negatively with those of maturing granulocytes (myelocytes and later forms). These results suggest that 17p- interferes with and delays granulocyte maturation. Inactivation or deletion of genetic material in 17p in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia, and a wide variety of solid tumours further suggests that genes present on 17p may have a central position in malignant transformation of cells in a number of different tissues.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Alveolocellular carcinoma diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage].

Alveolocellular carcinoma is localized to the bronchioles and alveoli and the diagnostic procedures usually employed will only rarely contribute to the diagnosis. A case is presented where performance of fiberbronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage with cytological examination of the cyto-centrifuged preparation led to the diagnosis of alveolocellular carcinoma in a patient with diffuse infiltrates.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Fiber bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with asthma. A description of the method].

Fiber bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia is an examination procedure frequently employed in the remainder of Scandinavia, Europe and USA. It requires only few resources and the costs are considerably less than fiber bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in connection with fiber bronchoscopy is rapidly undertaken but analysis of the material obtained requires considerable time. A method of induction of local anaesthesia, performance of BAL and preparation of the washings obtained is described. Fiber bronchoscopy and BAL are considered to be safe examination procedures in patients with mild asthma in a stable phase. The examination is only associated with slight discomfort for the patients, who will frequently accept repeated investigations, and complications are rare. BAL is a valuable examination procedure in research and the results have increased the knowledge of mechanisms in a series of interstitial pulmonary diseases. Future investigations of the humoral and cellular components in BAL fluid in asthmatic patients will contribute to increase knowledge of the pathological mechanisms in asthmatic disease.

Adult↗