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Biomedical subjects

B Reiner

Publications and source records attributed to B Reiner.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The impact of routine CT of the chest on the diagnosis and management of newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to ascertain how often additional malignant neoplasms are detected on CT scans of the thorax in patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and to determine how often these findings are evident on conventional radiographs of the chest. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were prospectively examined in a 5-year period. At the time of the initial diagnosis, each patient underwent both chest radiography (posteroanterior and lateral radiographs in 95%, anteroposterior in 5%) and thoracic CT to assess the prevalence of additional primary or metastatic malignant neoplasms of the thorax and upper abdomen. RESULTS: Of the 189 patients studied, 66 showed a total of 73 significant abnormalities on thoracic CT scans of which only 17 abnormalities (23%) were detected on chest radiographs alone. Of these 66 patients, 36 (55%) were found to have one or more primary or metastatic neoplasms. These 36 patients manifested a total of 41 additional primary or secondary malignant neoplasms including 24 cases in which one or more pulmonary nodules were detected, six cases of lymphadenopathy, three hepatic lesions, three bone lesions, two pleural masses, two esophageal masses and one adrenal mass. Of these 41 malignant tumors, 13 (32%) were synchronous primary tumors and 28 were metastases. Only 12 (29%) of the 41 malignant tumors detected by thoracic CT were seen on the chest radiographs. In all patients in which an additional malignant tumor was diagnosed, clinical management was significantly affected, resulting in a modification of the planned surgery or the addition of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. CONCLUSION: A relatively large percentage of patients (19%) with newly diagnosed squamous cell cancer of the head and neck was found to have additional malignant tumors, 32% of which were synchronous primary tumors. The discovery of these additional neoplasms had a major effect on both the therapy and the prognosis of these patients. The combination of a relatively poor detection rate for conventional chest radiography, with only 29% of the malignant tumors detected on CT scans of the chest being seen on chest radiographs, and the high prevalence of disease in this population support the routine inclusion of thoracic CT in these patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of soft-tissue foreign bodies: comparing conventional plain film radiography, computed radiography printed on film, and computed radiography displayed on a computer workstation.

OBJECTIVE: The study was performed to evaluate detection of soft-tissue foreign bodies using conventional radiography (film-screen radiography), computed radiography printed on films (computed radiography-hard copy), and computed radiography displayed on a computer workstation (computed radiography-soft copy). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen foreign bodies of different size, shape, and composition were implanted at different locations in a fresh cadaveric hand, and images were obtained using three radiographic techniques. Images were evaluated by four board-certified radiologists to ascertain the conspicuity of the foreign bodies with the different techniques. A subjective grade was assigned to each image in an attempt to identify the relative conspicuity of foreign bodies when imaged with the three techniques. RESULTS: Computed radiography-soft copy is the preferred imaging technique for the detection of wood and plastic foreign bodies in soft tissue regardless of the size of the wood or the plastic. No significant differences in conspicuity among the three techniques were demonstrated with glass foreign bodies. CONCLUSION: Detection of soft-tissue foreign bodies is best done using computed radiography-soft copy instead of film-screen radiography and computed radiography-hard copy imaging.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1995

Depth dose under narrow shielding blocks: a comparison of measured and calculated dose.

This paper describes measurements done to investigate the accuracy of dose calculation algorithms when used to calculate the dose under shielding blocks. Because the prescribed dose is sometimes limited by the dose to organs at risk within the irradiated volume, it is important to know the dose under a block accurately. Five different algorithms from four treatment planning systems were used to calculate the dose under two narrow lead alloy blocks each placed centrally in a 15 x 15-cm beam of 6- and 18-MV X-rays, respectively. Measurements were done in a water phantom with the same geometrical set-up. All measured data have a common feature; a high surface dose (up to about 20%) decreasing linearly within the first 1-2 cm to a minimum ranging from 13 to 6.5%, and then increasing to a maximum depending on the X-ray energy and block width. Beyond the maximum, the dose decreases approximately linearly due to absorption of the primary beam. The first part of the curve is due essentially to secondary electrons. Beyond the minimum, the X-ray scatter dose component increases, due to increasing phantom scatter, to a maximum which is greater for 6 MV than for 18 MV X-rays. Most algorithms could not reproduce measured data accurately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Indian childhood cirrhosis in an American child.

Indian childhood cirrhosis is a fatal liver disease characterized by a striking accumulation of copper-containing granules within hepatocytes. A two-year-old American boy, the product of a third-cousin marriage, with clinical, biochemical, and histological signs of Indian childhood cirrhosis was studied. Liver biopsies at 22 and 30 months of age revealed a rapid progression from fibrosis to micronodular cirrhosis, with many of the remaining hepatocytes staining strongly for copper and copper-binding proteins. Electron microscopy showed characteristic dense granules containing copper and sulfur by electron probe analysis. Hepatic copper content was 1500 micrograms/g dry weight (normal, 20-50). Urinary copper was 3.6 mumol/d (229 micrograms/24 hours; normal, 15-20), and serum ceruloplasmin was 352 mg/L (normal, 150-320). The case suggests that both genetic and environmental components contribute to the manifestations of Indian childhood cirrhosis, and that the diagnosis of Indian childhood cirrhosis should be considered even in non-Indian infants with progressive liver disease.

Copper↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of Meniere's disease by intratympanic injection with lidocaine.

Intratympanic injection of lidocaine hydrochloride was used to alleviate distressing symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo in 28 patients with Meniere's disease. Of the 28 patients, 82% found an immediate improvement in vertigo, and there was an improvement in tinnitus in 67.8%. There was no change in complaints of tinnitus or vertigo in five patients with Meniere's disease who were each injected with a similar amount of saline into the middle ear, and who acted as a control group. An intratympanic injection of lidocaine alleviated the disabling symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo in some of the patients with Meniere's disease who had not reacted well to medical treatment. The procedure is without the hazards of the intravenous injection of lidocaine, and can be done by every otologist, even in clinic practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dynamics of cortisol and endorphin responses to graded doses of synthetic ovine CRF in sheep.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), recently isolated from sheep hypothalami, has been shown to stimulate secretion of ACTH and beta-endorphin in vitro, and in vivo in rat and man. In previous reports, responses to ovine CRF were studied in heterologous bioassay systems where the ovine sequence was likely to act as a CRF analogue. We administered synthetic ovine CRF to sheep to assess the dynamics of endorphin and cortisol responses. Graded doses of CRF caused a rapid increase in immunoreactive beta-endorphin (iB-E) within 2 min of iv administration, followed by a cortisol response which was maximal 15 min after the iB-E peak. Doses of CRF in excess of 10 micrograms did not increase the magnitude of the peak iB-E response but did prolong the duration of the plasma beta-endorphin rise. Ovine CRF is an extremely potent and rapidly-acting hypothalamic peptide in vivo when assayed in a homologous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Regulatory mutations of inositol biosynthesis in yeast: isolation of inositol-excreting mutants.

The enzyme inositol-1-phosphate synthase (I-1-P synthase), product of the INO1 locus, catalyzes the synthesis of inositol-1-phosphate from the substrate glucose-6-phosphate. The activity of this enzyme is dramatically repressed in the presence of inositol. By selecting for mutants which overproduce and excrete inositol, we have identified mutants constitutive for inositol-1-phosphate synthase as well as a mutation in phospholipid biosynthesis. Genetic analysis of the mutants indicates that at least three loci (designated OPI1, OPI2 and OPI4) direct inositol-mediated repression of I-1-P synthase. Mutants of these loci synthesize I-1-P synthase constitutively. Three loci are unlinked to each other and to INO1, the structural gene for the enzyme. A mutant of a fourth locus, OPI3, does not synthesize I-1-P synthase constitutively, despite its inositol excretion phenotype. This mutant is preliminarily identified as having a defect in phospholipid synthesis.

Genes, Dominant↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT features of tracheobronchomegaly.

This paper describes the appearance of tracheobronchomegaly (also termed Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) as demonstrated on CT in three patients. Features include dilatation of the trachea and mainstem bronchi, tracheal diverticulosis, bronchiectasis, and chronic pulmonary parenchymal disease.

Adult↗