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Biomedical subjects

B Sandström

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandström.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of inositol hexaphosphate on retention of zinc and calcium from the human colon.

Colonic retention of zinc and calcium was studied after installation during colonoscopy in 11 patients of a solution of 30 mumol zinc, 6.4 mmol calcium and 500 mumol inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid) labelled with 65Zn and 47Ca. Whole-body retention of the radionuclide at day 13 was 1.0 +/- 1.0 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) for zinc and 4.0 +/- 2.9 per cent for calcium. The retention of zinc but not of calcium was lower than observed earlier under similar conditions from a solution not containing phytic acid and indicates formation of an indigestible complex between phytic acid and zinc. Addition of amino acids to the solution in 3 subjects did not seem to affect the retention of zinc and calcium.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circulating levels of selenium and zinc in relation to nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancer.

There is evidence that selenium and zinc are involved in malignant neoplasia. The exact role of these trace elements, however, is not completely understood. For this reason, we studied circulating levels of selenium and zinc in relation to food intake and nutritional status in 14 patients with head and neck cancer. Six patients without cancer served as controls. The patients with cancer were in different stages of disease. They were untreated or in an initial phase of oncologic treatment. Five of these patients were severely cachectic according to weight loss and nutritional status, which included body mass index, anthropometric values, and serum albumin level. These patients also demonstrated decreased circulating levels of selenium and zinc. Plasma glutathione peroxidase (selenium-dependent enzyme) activity, however, was not significantly different when the cachectic patients with cancer were compared with controls. We found that the plasma selenium level was positively correlated to both short-term and long-term selenium intake when all 20 patients were accounted for. However, no significant correlation could be shown between plasma selenium and serum albumin levels. Although only one patient demonstrated a plasma value below the reference value, serum zinc was positively correlated to the serum albumin level. We conclude that plasma selenium concentrations are essentially related to food intake but not necessarily to weight loss. Low circulating levels of zinc are, rather, associated with the catabolic state of the patient with cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Manganese absorption from human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas in humans.

Manganese absorption from human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas was studied in humans by using extrinsic labeling of the diets with manganese 54 or manganese 52 and whole-body retention measurements. The fractional manganese absorption from human milk (8.2% +/- 2.9%) was significantly different when compared with cow's milk (2.4% +/- 1.7%), soy formula (0.7% +/- 0.2%), and whey-preponderant cow's milk formula with 12 mg/L of iron (1.7% +/- 1.0%) and without iron fortification (2 mg/L of iron) (3.1% +/- 2.8%), while no significant difference was observed between a whey-preponderant cow's milk formula with 7 mg/L of iron (5.9% +/- 4.8%) and human milk. The total amount of absorbed manganese was significantly higher from the non--iron-fortified cow's milk formula (2 mg/L of iron) as compared with human milk, while no significant differences were observed for the other milks and formulas.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Manganese retention in man: a method for estimating manganese absorption in man.

Whole-body retention of 54Mn was studied in man by measurements in a sensitive whole-body counter after intake of an extrinsically labeled infant formula. Reproducible retention figures at day 10 were observed after repeated administrations to six subjects; 2.3 +/- 1.1, 3.3 +/- 3.1, and 2.4 +/- 1.4% (means +/- SD) for three separate occasions. Interindividual variation of manganese retention after intake of the same labeled diet was, however, shown to be substantial. Retention at day 10 was 2.9 +/- 1.8% (means +/- SD) and varied from 0.6 to 9.2% when measured in 14 healthy subjects. Large interindividual variations in rate of excretion were observed. The retention measurements for days 10-30, however, could be closely fitted to a single exponential function for each individual. The results regarding intraindividual and interindividual variation in Mn retention indicate that factors influencing Mn absorption can be identified only by repeated administrations using each subject as his/her own control.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Effect of protein level and protein source on zinc absorption in humans.

The effect of increasing levels of various protein sources on zinc absorption from a legume-based meal was studied in humans with the use of a radionuclide technique. The meals were extrinsically labelled with 65Zn and absorption was determined from measurements of the whole-body retention of the isotope. The mean fractional zinc absorption for the 13 meals was 24.7 +/- 6.9% and was only influenced by the protein content of the meal to a limited extent (r = 0.45). However, the amount of zinc absorbed from the meals was strongly correlated with both the protein (r = 0.85) and zinc content (r = 0.86): 5.9 +/- 1.7 mumol of zinc was absorbed from the basal bean meal which had the lowest protein content; the addition of low zinc chicken doubled the protein content and increased zinc absorption to 10.3 +/- 2.0 mumol; the addition of zinc-rich beef also doubled the protein content, however, zinc absorption was increased to 15.9 +/- 4.7 mumol. It is concluded that the zinc content of the main protein source of the diet determines the amount of zinc absorbed to a large extent. However, relatively small amounts of animal protein can significantly improve the value of a legume-based meal as a source of zinc.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Identification of transferrin as the major plasma carrier protein for manganese introduced orally or intravenously or after in vitro addition in the rat.

It is known that the metabolic handling of manganese (Mn) introduced via the diet or by intravenous injection is quite different. We hypothesized that this difference could be due in part to different proteins carrying Mn in plasma that could affect tissue uptake and retention. To test this idea, 54Mn was administered orally or intravenously to rats, and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture at various time points postdosing. Plasma proteins were separated using fast protein liquid chromatography with a combination of anion exchange and gel filtration columns. Using these methods, independent of the route of 54Mn administration, transferrin was identified as the major Mn-binding protein in plasma. The identity was further confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. These results conclusively show that 54Mn in plasma is carried by transferrin, regardless of route of administration and time postdosing.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Inhibitory effects of phytic acid and other inositol phosphates on zinc and calcium absorption in suckling rats.

While it is known that phytic acid, inositol hexaphosphate, has a negative effect on zinc and calcium absorption, the effects of inositol which is phosphorylated to a lesser extent are less known. We have prepared inositol triphosphate (IP-3), tetraphosphate (IP-4), pentaphosphate (IP-5) and hexaphosphate (IP-6) by hydrolysis of sodium phytate and separation by ion-exchange chromatography and have studied their effect on zinc and calcium absorption. Using a suckling rat pup model, we found that liver uptake of 65Zn after 6 h was 5% of the total dose from solutions of IP-6, 19% from IP-5, 28% from IP-4, 29% from IP-3 and 31% from ZnCl2 (control). Non-absorbed calcium was 17%, 1.4%, 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.5% of the given dose of 45Ca, respectively. Thus, at a high degree of phosphorylation (IP-6, IP-5), zinc and calcium uptake was inhibited, while no effect was observed for the other phosphates. Consequently, total "phytate" analysis, which includes inositol phosphates with varying degrees of phosphorylation, can give misleading information with regard to mineral availability. In addition, even limited dephosphorylation of inositol hexaphosphate can have a positive effect on mineral absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dietary pattern, energy and nutrient intake in patients with oro-facial discomfort complaints.

In ninety-six patients with oro-facial and general complaints, which the patients assumed were caused by galvanic currents and/or metallic restorations, the recording and analysis of dietary pattern, energy and nutrient intake were performed. The records, in household measures, of the intake of food and beverages during 7 consecutive days according to a written instruction were collected. Sixty-eight out of the ninety-six records were sufficiently complete for calculation of nutrient intake. The remaining twenty-eight could only be used partially in the analyses. Most of the patients had a varied food intake of all the food groups during the 7-day period. The range was wide, however, and a few patients had relatively low intake of essential nutrients. It was not possible to find any correlation between oro-facial discomfort complaints and intake of any single nutrient that could indicate a cause-effect relationship. No correlation between diet pattern, energy and essential nutrients, and the measured electrode potentials of the fillings and constructions could be proved. Nor could the hypothesis that beverage intake might influence the electrode potentials and increase or aggravate the oro-facial complaints be verified.

Dentures↗
PubMed1989

Food and nutrient intakes in Swedish diabetic children.

Food and energy intakes in diabetic children, 7-9 and 12-14 years of age, were studied by the 7-d record method. The mean duration of diabetes in the younger group was 3.0 years and in the older group 4.2. The children had 3 main meals and 3.4 light meals daily. The median daily number of sandwiches was 7, often offered as snacks. All children used a low-fat margarine, low-fat cheese and low-fat milk. Sweets and diabetic food were seldom used. Of the energy intake protein contributed 18 per cent, fat 32 per cent and carbohydrates 50 per cent, including sucrose 2 per cent. Mean daily intake of fibre was 20 g. Compared to healthy children of the same age and from the same areas of Sweden the diabetics had a more regular meal pattern, their energy intakes did not differ, but the diet of diabetics was lower in fat and sucrose and higher in protein. The mean height, weight and BMI did not differ from healthy children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Zinc absorption and achlorhydria.

Zinc absorption from 40 mumol of zinc in a water solution and from a test meal containing 22 mumol of zinc was studied in 8 patients with achlorhydria (no basal acid secretion and no secretion after pentagastrin stimulation). The test dose and the meal was labelled with 0.1 MBq of 65Zn and absorption was determined from measurement of the whole-body retention of the isotope. Zinc absorption was 68 +/- 16 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) from the water solution and 33 +/- 10 per cent from the test meal. The results did not differ from absorption in control subjects and indicate that achlorhydria per se does not affect zinc absorption.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1989

Serum albumin reserve for bilirubin binding during pregnancy in healthy women.

The concentrations of serum albumin and albumin reserve for bilirubin binding were studied in 24 healthy women during and after pregnancy, using monoacetyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylsulphone as a deputy ligand for bilirubin. In the first trimester, the serum albumin concentration was already diminished. Likewise, the serum reserve albumin for bilirubin binding was reduced gradually during pregnancy. These reductions were evident as early as the 20th week of gestation, and at delivery the level averaged 53% of the nonpregnant level. The reduction in bilirubin binding capacity was partly dependent on the decreasing serum albumin concentration, but a reduction in the albumin molecule's binding capability was also shown. This binding defect, which is also present in neonates, is not fully explained. The reduction in bilirubin binding capability probably reflects a reduced degree of protein binding for many protein-bound drugs during pregnancy, which may contribute to pharmacokinetic alterations in pregnancy.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1988

The effect of hydralazine on steady-state plasma concentrations of metoprolol in pregnant hypertensive women.

We have studied the plasma concentrations levels of metoprolol after its twice daily administration in a dose of 50 mg for 4 days in ten, hypertensive pregnant women to the during monotherapy and in combination with 25 mg of hydralazine given twice daily. Hydralazine increased the median AUC and Cmax of metoprolol by 38% and 88% respectively, and decreased the tmax from 1.5 h to 1.0 h. Hydralazine had no effect on the plasma concentrations of alpha-OH-metoprolol. These results suggest that the effect of hydralazine on metoprolol plasma concentrations is primarily due to a reduction in first-pass elimination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bile acid and cholesterol excretion in human beings given soya-bean- and meat-protein-based diets: a study in ileostomy subjects.

1. The effect of partial replacement of meat protein with three different soya-bean-protein products on bile acid and cholesterol excretion was studied in seven ileostomy subjects. Four different tests diets containing 60 g meat, rice and bread protein, or a replacement of 250 g protein/kg total dietary protein by soya-bean protein from soya-bean flour, soya-bean concentrate or soya-bean isolate, were randomly assigned to the subjects in 2-d periods. 2. Ileostomy contents were collected at 2-h intervals during the day and in one portion during the night, and immediately deep-frozen to avoid bacteriological degradation. Bile acids and cholesterol were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. 3. No difference in daily excretion of bile acids and cholesterol was noted between test diets. Ileostomy sterol concentrations were lower when soya-bean products were fed. 4. Incorporation of moderate amounts of soya-bean products in solid diets does not seem to affect short-term sterol balance in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intrinsic and extrinsic labeling for studies of manganese absorption in humans.

A dual-radioisotope method was used to simultaneously study whole-body manganese retention from a chicken liver based meal intrinsically labeled with 54Mn and extrinsically labeled with 52Mn. Manganese retention was monitored in a sensitive whole-body counter during approximately 30 d in six young adult women. Both radioisotopes were retained to a similar degree and excreted at identical rates. Retention at d 5 was 14.4 +/- 10.3 and 14.0 +/- 9.9% while retention at d 10 was 5.0 +/- 3.1 and 5.0 +/- 3.0% (X +/- SD) for 54Mn and 52Mn, respectively. From these results we conclude that the intrinsic and extrinsic Mn isotopes did form a common pool before absorption. The results can therefore be regarded as a direct validation of the use of extrinsic labeling for studies of Mn retention for estimating Mn absorption in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A prospective controlled five-year follow-up study of primiparas with gestational hypertension.

Primiparas with hypertension first recognized in pregnancy and an age- and parity-matched control group, normotensive throughout pregnancy, were monitored during 5-6 years with blood pressure recordings performed in a standardized way. At the end of the study period, 21 out of 49 women with hypertension in pregnancy had developed hypertension requiring therapy or borderline hypertension, compared with 2 women in the control group who had developed borderline hypertension. Therapy was required in 7 of the women. Factors associated with increased risk of developing hypertension were gestational week at diagnosis of gestational hypertension, 1st diastolic blood pressure during follow-up, family history, smoking, and age.

Adult↗