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Biomedical subjects

B Sandström

Publications and source records attributed to B Sandström.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Reduction of the phytate content of bran by leavening in bread and its effect on zinc absorption in man.

The effect of leavening of bread containing bran on the phytic acid content and on zinc absorption in man was studied. Twenty breads with leavening times varying from 0 to 120 h were prepared. The breads contained 250 g wheat bran/kg flour. The phytic acid content was determined after baking. The phytic acid content of bread containing bran was reduced to about 40% after 2 h of leavening and to 15% after 2 d. No further decrease was observed. Zn absorption from single meals was determined using a radioisotope technique. Forty-two students volunteered for these studies. They were served a breakfast of milk, butter, bread and 10, 16 or 30 g bran served either raw or baked into the bread with fermentation times of 15 min, 45 min, 3 h or 16 h. One meal contained no bran, but phytate and Zn were added in amounts equivalent to the content of 10 g bran. The amount and percentage of Zn absorbed increased at each bran level as fermentation was prolonged. The percentage of Zn absorbed was reduced by increased bran content in the meal. It is concluded that the fermentation of bread containing bran reduces the phytic acid content and increases Zn absorption from such bread. This may be of importance to people subjected to diets with a high cereal content, especially in combination with a low animal-protein intake.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Oral iron, dietary ligands and zinc absorption.

The effect of iron on zinc absorption in humans was investigated by using 65Zn and whole-body counting after 2 wk. Increasing the molar ratio of ferrous iron (with ascorbic acid) to zinc from 1:1 to 2.5:1 did not affect absorption of zinc from water when given in a fasting state; 59 and 58% was absorbed, respectively. However, at an Fe:Zn ratio of 25:1, zinc absorption from water decreased significantly to 34%. When oral iron in the same ratio to zinc was given with a meal, no inhibitory effect was observed (25, 23 and 22%, respectively). Addition of the zinc ligand, histidine, to the water solution decreased the inhibitory effect of the higher dose of iron, resulting in a zinc absorption of 47%. Two weeks of iron preloading did not affect zinc absorption from water. The results demonstrate that when a multimineral supplement is taken on an empty stomach, excessive iron levels can negatively affect zinc absorption. Intake of the supplement with a meal or with a zinc ligand (such as histidine) may overcome this inhibitory effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

A prospective controlled trial of metoprolol-hydralazine treatment in hypertension during pregnancy.

In an open, controlled trial, treatment with a combination of metoprolol and hydralazine was compared with non-pharmacological management of mild and moderate hypertension in pregnancy. One hundred and sixty-one women participated in the study. The drug-treated group showed significantly better blood pressure control than the group not given antihypertensives. Induction of labor before term, because of maternal or fetal complications, was somewhat more frequent in the control group. Nine women in the treatment group and 5 in the control group developed albuminuria. Three infants in the drug-treated group died perinatally, and one in the control group. The outcome for the newborns was similar in both groups concerning birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score and in the frequencies of respiratory distress, bradycardia and hypoglycemia. The better blood pressure control achieved with these drugs makes it possible to treat the patient at home and reduce the risk of emergency delivery, but treatment does not seem to be mandatory for a good outcome of the pregnancy in cases of mild and moderate hypertension during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional status, energy and protein intake in general medical patients in three Nordic hospitals.

The energy and protein intake before and during hospitalization was studied in 56 elderly patients (age 70 +/- 9 yr) admitted to general medical service in three Nordic hospitals. Nutritional status at admission was evaluated using weight index, arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, haemoglobin and serum iron levels. A history of food intake before hospitalization was taken at admission. Food intake during hospital stay was estimated from precise weighing and recording and intake of energy and protein calculated. On admission, 16 patients (28.5 per cent) had three or more of the studied nutritional parameters below reference value. Mean energy intake for men at home and in hospital was 10.0 +/- 2.3 MJ/d and 7.1 +/- 1.3 MJ/d, respectively, and for women 7.8 +/- 1.7 MJ/d and 6.6 +/- 1.4 MJ/d, respectively. Mean protein intake for men at home and in hospital was 72 +/- 19 g/d and 74 +/- 15 g/d, respectively, and for women 60 +/- 15 g/d and 68 +/- 13 g/d, respectively. In patients with a hospital stay exceeding two weeks a correlation between changes in body weight and energy intake was found. Likelihood of developing undernutrition during hospitalization, defined as a daily energy intake below 90 kJ/kg BW per day, was seen in 20 patients (36 per cent). The data obtained indicate that at least 120 kJ/kg should be regarded as necessary to maintain body weight in elderly general medical patients. It reveals the importance of regular nutritional assessment of these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The effect of individual components of soy formula and cows' milk formula on zinc bioavailability.

Zinc absorption from human milk, cows' milk formulas, and soy formulas was studied in human adults by a radioisotope technique using 65Zn and whole body counting. Individual dietary components were investigated for effects on zinc absorption. Phytate was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on zinc absorption; addition of phytate to cows' milk formula (yielding a phytate concentration similar to that of soy formula) resulted in a decrease in zinc absorption from 31 to 16% similar to the absorption for soy formula (14%). Carbohydrate source, calcium, and zinc levels of the diet did not affect zinc absorption significantly. Iron supplementation of cows' milk formula decreased zinc absorption from 24 to 18% although this decrease was not found to be significant (p less than 0.1). Absorption of zinc from a whey-adjusted cows' milk formula was higher (31%) than from a nonmodified cows' milk formula (22%). Increasing the zinc supplementation level in cows' milk formula but not in soy formula increased zinc absorption to approximate that from breast milk. It is suggested that reduction of phytate content of soy formula may be a more effective avenue of modification than increased level of zinc supplementation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Disposition of the adrenergic blocker metoprolol in the late-pregnant woman, the amniotic fluid, the cord blood and the neonate.

Pharmacokinetic studies on the concentration of the beta 1-blocker metoprolol have been performed in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, breast milk and the plasma of the newborn. The concentration of metoprolol in maternal plasma exceeded that in the amniotic fluid initially , but not later on. The quotient between the metoprolol concentration in the maternal venous blood and the mixed cord blood at the time of parturition is at about 1. In the maternal plasma the metoprolol concentration decreases rapidly after the latest dose, probably because of an increased clearance rate. Blood levels of metoprolol during the first postnatal hours increase almost fourfold and are generally followed by a decrease over the next 15 hours. Active metabolites of metoprolol (alfa-OH-metoprolol and 0-demethyl-metoprolol) are found in the urine of the newborn. The breast milk concentration of metoprolol is three times as high as in the maternal plasma but the suckling newborn will only show very low or unmeasurable plasma levels between consecutive breast feeding periods, in the majority of cases.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Zinc absorption from human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas.

Zinc absorption from 450 mL of human milk, cow's milk, humanized cow's milk formula, cereal-cow's milk formula, and soy formula was determined in healthy adults. The milks and formulas were extrinsically labeled with zinc chloride Zn 65 and the absorption was determined from measurement of the whole-body retention of the isotope. The zinc content of the formulas was comparable to or higher than that of human milk. Absorption of zinc was 41% +/- 9% from human milk and 28% +/- 15% from cow's milk. Absorption was 31% +/- 7% from the humanized cow's milk formula, 22% +/- 11% from the cereal-cow's milk formula, and 14% +/- 4% from the soy formula. These results indicate that, with the present levels of zinc supplementation, the amount of zinc absorbed from infant formulas is considerably lower than that absorbed from human milk.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An experimental model for studies of zinc bioavailability from milk and infant formulas using extrinsic labeling.

The ability to assess zinc bioavailability from various diets is essential as the zinc content on many foods can be low or marginal. We have investigated the absorption of zinc from human milk, cows' milk, cows' milk formula (whey-adjusted) and soy protein formula as these fluids can comprise the majority of an infant's diet. Radiozinc was added to the diets in tracer amounts. The extrinsic 65Zn was shown by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration to add to milk fractions and individual binding compounds in a manner analogous to the distribution of native zinc, validating the use of extrinsically labeled milk diets. Labeled diets were fed by intubation to 16-day-old suckling rats. Animals were killed after 4 h and tissues removed and counted. Zinc bioavailability was 28% from human milk, 24% from whey-adjusted cows' milk formula, 15% from cows' milk, and 10% from soy formula. Intubation studies using adult rats showed that zinc absorption was lower from all the diets; however, it was still highest from human milk and cows' milk formula. These results show that the rat pup model may provide a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method to assay bioavailability of zinc from infant foods.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Disposition of the adrenergic blocker metoprolol in the late pregnant women, the amniotic fluid, the cord blood and the neonate.

Pharmacokinetic studies of the concentration of the beta 1-blocker metoprolol have been performed in maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, breast milk and the plasma of the newborn. The concentration of metoprolol in maternal plasma exceeds that in the amniotic fluid initially but not later on. The quotient between the metoprolol concentration in the venous maternal blood and the mixed cord blood at the time of delivery is at about 1. In the maternal plasma the metoprolol concentration will decline in a rapid way after the latest dose probably because of an increased clearance. Blood levels of metoprolol during the first postnatal hours will increase almost fourfold and are generally followed by a decrease over the next 15 hours. Active metabolites of metoprolol (alfa-OH-metoprolol and O-demethyl-metoprolol) are found in the urine of the newborn. The breast milk concentration of metoprolol is 3 times higher than in the maternal milk but the sucking newborn will only show very low or unmeasurable plasma levels between consecutive breast feeding periods in the majority of cases.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

The effect of wheat bran on the intake of energy and nutrients and on serum mineral levels in constipated geriatric patients.

The total intake of energy and nutrients was recorded during 5 consecutive d in ten constipated patients in a geriatric ward. Twenty grams of ordinary or low-phytate wheat bran was then added to their diet and the 5-d food intake was recorded after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The intake was generally satisfactory and decreased in only two women on bran treatment. The hospital diet had a high mineral content and calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron levels in serum did not decrease when wheat bran was added to the diet. Consequently no difference was found in serum mineral levels, when ordinary wheat bran was replaced by a low-phytate bran.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Outcome of pregnancy after cone biopsy--a case-control study.

In a case-control study on 79 cone biopsy treated women under 35 yr of age the subsequent pregnancies were followed. The women of the control group were matched to maternal age, parity and the time of delivery. There were more 'abnormal' deliveries in the surgical treated group such as more bleedings, more cervical insufficiencies and a faster descent-time curve of the presenting part of the fetus. The premature frequency was 13.2% in the conized group and only 3.8% in the control group. The study gives support to a primarily more conservative policy in young women with positive smears.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Adrenergic beta-receptor blockers in hypertension of pregnancy.

This is a study of the selective beta-blocking agent metoprolol in combination with either thiazide or hydralazine in 184 hypertensive gravidae. The effects on the mother and the fetus are compared with those of 97 hypertensive gravidae treated with a combination of hydralazine and a thiazide. The combination of metoprolol and hydralazine seems to be the most favourable one judged by both maternal well-being, fetal intrauterine growth, ten-minute Apgar score and perinatal mortality. At birth the concentration of metoprolol shows a ratio of 1:1 between maternal plasma and umbilical plasma and furthermore the ratio between maternal plasma and breast milk is 1:4. The newborns of mothers on beta-blocking therapy did not differ from those of mothers on hydralazine regarding heart rate, plasma glucose or plasma bilirubin. These data indicate that fetal danger from selective beta-blocking agents during pregnancy may have been overestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

How Swedish obstetricians manage hypertension in pregnancy. A questionnaire study.

One hundred and seventy-nine obstetricians in Sweden answered a questionnaire on the management of pregnant women with hypertension. A similar study on English practice has been published earlier. In mild hypertension, 33% of the obstetricians did not prescribe medical treatment at all, while in more severe cases almost all of them would recommend a combination of hydralazine and diuretics or betablockers. There was a considerable unanimity in the replies about what treatment a patient with hypertension could use or should stop using during pregnancy. In comparison with English obstetricians the Swedish colleagues seldom consider termination of pregnancy in hypertension during early pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Changes in central circulation in premenopausal women during application of an estradiol valerate-norgestrel combination (Cyclabil).

The orthostatic circulatory reaction, the physical working capacity on a bicycle ergometer, the indirectly measured blood pressure at rest and after the ergometer test, the total hemoglobin content, blood volume and the heart volume in supine position were all determined on three separate occasions in the 17 premenopausal women who were taking an estrogen-progestogen combination as premenopausal substitution (2 mg estradiol valerate and 0.5 mg norgestrel, CyclabilR, Schering AG). Twelve women not receiving steroid treatment served as controls. The examinations were performed once prior to the commencement of the medication and 6 and 12 months thereafter. The orthostatic pulse reaction, the physical working capacity, the total amount of hemoglobin and heart volume did not change during the 12 months. Heart volume increased in both groups but there was no difference between the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased slightly in the treated group during the first months but returned towards the initial values at 12 months. The transitory blood pressure increase when using the estrogen-progestogen combination in the premenopause during 12 months is similar to that earlier reported in younger women taking low-dose steroid contraceptives (8). It is conceivable that an adaptative mechanism in the vascular system will work in both situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Albumin reserve for binding of bilirubin in maternal and cord serum under treatment with sulphasalazine.

Twelve pregnant patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease who were being treated with sulphasalazine (SASP) were studied together with their newborn, full-term babies. An earlier study had shown almost identical concentrations of SASP and its metabolic sulphapyridine (SP) in maternal and cord serum. As controls, blood samples were collected from 25 healthy women and their newborn infants. Sera from mothers and infants were analysed for the vacant amount of high-affinity bilirubin binding site on albumin (reserve albumin) by the MADDS method. The mean reserve albumin concentration of the SASP-treated mothers was 9% lower than that of the controls, which is probably insignificant. No difference was observed in the corresponding two groups of infants. In vitro studies showed that neither SASP nor SP in therapeutic plasma concentrations had a significant bilirubin-displacing capacity. It seems that SASP preferentially is bound to other sites on albumin than to the high-affinity binding site for bilirubin. The risk of kernicterus in the full-term newborn does not seem to be increased by treatment of the mother with sulphasalazine.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Zinc absorption from composite meals. I. The significance of whest extraction rate, zinc, calcium, and protein content in meals based on bread.

The absorption of zinc in man from composite meals based on bread was measured with a radionuclide technique using 65Zn and whole-body counting. Bread was made up from wheat flour of 100 and 72% extraction rate. A lower absolute amount of zinc was absorbed from the white bread compared to the absorption from the same amount of wholemeal bread. When the two types of bread were enriched with zinc chloride the absorption was higher from the white bread than from the wholemeal bread. Addition of calcium in the form of milk products improved the absorption of zinc from a meal with wholemeal bread. A significant positive correlation was found between zinc absorption and the protein content in meals containing milk, cheese, beef, and egg in various combinations with the wholemeal bread.

Absorption↗