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Biomedical subjects

B Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to B Sharma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the M gene of phocid distemper virus (PDV). The most conserved protein of morbilliviruses shows a uniquely close relationship between PDV and canine distemper virus.

The nucleotide sequence of the matrix gene (M) of a recently identified morbillivirus, phocid distemper virus (PDV), was determined and the amino acid composition deduced. The M gene of PDV shared many characteristics with the corresponding gene in other morbilliviruses. The nucleotide homology with the closely related canine distemper virus (CDV) was maximum at 67% followed by measles virus (MV) (58%) and rinderpest virus (RPV) (56%). The length of the 5' long untranslated region of PDV (408) was similar to that of CDV (406) but was somewhat shorter than that of MV (425) and RPV (437). The deduced matrix protein of PDV showed structural characteristics similar to the corresponding proteins of other morbilliviruses. PDV and CDV M proteins showed a remarkably high amino acid homology of 90%. The percent amino acid homology among other morbilliviruses was between 73-77%. The M protein was the most highly conserved protein among all morbilliviruses viral components.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Humanized animal viruses with special reference to the primate adaptation of morbillivirus.

This review article discusses the evolution of human viruses with special reference to paramyxoviruses. This family of viruses causes epidemics representing the dissemination of infection from one acutely infected host to the next. Since there is no repository for human paramyxoviruses in animals or in the form of persistent infections in man, the history of epidemics afflicting human civilization is short, presumably not exceeding 4000-5000 years. Evolutionary relationships can be deduced for comparison of nucleotide sequences of genes or even complete genomes. The present paramyxovirus genus will probably in the future be divided into two separate genera. In the genus morbillivirus, two pairs of more closely related virus types can be distinguished: canine and phocid viruses, and rinder-pest and measles viruses, respectively. It is speculated that recombination events may have occurred in the evolution of the morbillivirus archetype.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Sequence analysis of the genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein (P) of phocid distemper virus, and editing of the P gene transcript.

The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of two genes of phocid distemper virus (PDV) were determined by cDNA cloning and sequencing. The long open reading frame of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein is presented. As with other morbilliviruses, the phosphoprotein (P) gene of PDV was found to be located after the 5' end of the N gene and before the 3' end of the matrix protein gene. The P gene was shown to have the capacity to encode three distinct proteins, P, V and C, in analogy to other morbilliviruses. The results presented provide evidence for editing of the PDV P mRNA transcript by insertion of G residues. When the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the N, P, V and C genes were aligned with corresponding sequences of other established members of the morbillivirus genus, compelling homology was found between PDV and canine distemper virus (CDV), whereas there was markedly less similarity between PDV and measles virus or rinderpest virus. On the basis of the alignments presented, the estimated amino acid sequence similarity between the N and P genes of PDV and CDV was 84% and 76%, respectively. These differences at the genomic level indicate that the viruses are two separate entities.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

NotI genomic cleavage map of Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655.

Several approaches were used to construct a complete NotI restriction enzyme cleavage map of the genome of Escherichia coli MG1655. The approaches included use of transposable element insertions that created auxotrophic mutations and introduced a NotI site into the genome, hybridization of NotI fragments to the ordered lambda library constructed by Kohara et al. (BioTechniques 10:474-477, 1991), Southern blotting of NotI digests with cloned genes as probes, and analysis of the known E. coli DNA sequence for NotI sites. In all, 22 NotI cleavage sites were mapped along with 26 transposon insertions. These sites were localized to clones in the lambda library and, when possible, sequenced genes. The map was compared with that of strain EMG2, a wild-type E. coli K-12 strain, and several differences were found, including a region of about 600 kb with an altered restriction pattern and an additional fragment in MG1655. Comparison of MG1655 with other strains revealed minor differences but indicated that this map was representative of that for many commonly used E. coli K-12 strains.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

TerF, the sixth identified replication arrest site in Escherichia coli, is located within the rcsC gene.

We report the existence of a sixth replication arrest site, TerF, that is located within the coding sequences of the rcsC gene, a negative regulator of capsule biosynthesis. The TerF site is oriented to allow transcription of the rcsC gene but prevent DNA replication in the terminus-to-origin direction. Our results demonstrate that the TerF site is functional in both chromosomal and plasmid environments and that the stability of the Tus-TerF protein-DNA complex more closely resembles the plasmid R6K Ter sites than the chromosomal TerB site.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Stability, potency, and preservative effectiveness of epoetin alfa after addition of a bacteriostatic diluent.

The stability, potency, and preservative effectiveness of two dilutions of epoetin alfa containing a bacteriostatic diluent were studied. Epoetin alfa 10,000 units/mL in single-use vials was diluted 1:1 and 1:1.5 with bacteriostatic 0.9% sodium chloride injection. USP tests of preservative effectiveness were performed on samples from two batches each of the 1:1 and the 1:1.5 dilutions. Appearance assessment, Western blot analysis, radioimmunoassay, and bioassay were used to determine the stability or potency of samples from three batches of each dilution that were stored at 5 degrees C or at 30 degrees C for 12 weeks. Both batches of the 1:1.5 dilution (epoetin alfa 4,000 units/mL with 0.54% benzyl alcohol) met the USP criteria for preserved solutions, while one batch of the 1:1 dilution (epoetin alfa 5,000 units/mL with 0.45% benzyl alcohol) did not. Epoetin alfa 10,000 units/mL diluted either 1:1 or 1:1.5 with bacteriostatic 0.9% sodium chloride injection and stored at 5 degrees C or at 30 degrees C remained stable and potent for 12 weeks. The addition of 1.5 mL of bacteriostatic 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a vial containing 1 mL of epoetin alfa 10,000 units/mL makes a solution of epoetin alfa 4,000 units/mL that meets the USP criteria for preservative effectiveness and remains stable and potent for 12 weeks at 5 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid composition of the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins of the morbillivirus phocid distemper virus.

The amino acid composition of the two surface proteins of the recently isolated morbillivirus phocid distemper virus (PDV) were deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The fusion (F) protein of PDV exhibited characteristics similar to those of other morbillivirus F proteins. The overall amino acid similarity with its closest homologue, canine distemper virus (CDV), was 72%. From the context of the starting codons and the requirement for a hydrophobic signal peptide, it is likely that translation of the PDV F mRNA starts at the third AUG, corresponding to codon 95 in the long open reading frame of the PDV F gene. After removal of the signal peptide, F0 starts at amino acid 105. From this position the F protein of PDV and CDV exhibit 84% amino acid similarity. The PDV haemagglutinin (H) protein showed 74% amino acid similarity with CDV H protein and highly conserved features responsible for the tertiary structure. Despite these similarities, the two H proteins show marked antigenic differences when probed with monoclonal antibodies. Earlier studies have indicated that rinderpest virus (RPV) is the prototype virus of the morbillivirus genus, from which first CDV/PDV and later measles virus (MV) evolved. From the close relationship shown in this study, it is likely that the divergence of CDV and PDV occurred after MV evolved from RPV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Sex differences in performance on a combined manual and decision task.

This report describes results of an experimental study of the differences in response time between 10 male and 10 female undergraduate operators performing a combined manual and decision task. Analysis indicated that the performance times of women on such tasks were shorter than those of the men as expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ring or disc-like enhancing lesions in partial epilepsy in India.

One-hundred unselected children presenting with partial motor seizures were subjected to clinical work-up and cranial computed tomography (CT scan). Seventy-three children had an abnormal scan. On these, 56 patients had either a ring (35 patients) or a disc-like (21 patients) enhancing lesion which coincided with the probable site of origin of the seizures in all cases. The lesions were surrounded by perifocal oedema which was occasionally severe enough to produce a mass effect. The significance of these disc or ring lesions is discussed in the light of recent literature. All patients with such lesions were put on three-drug anti-tubercular therapy along with anticonvulsants. A repeat scan could be obtained in 20 patients, 10 weeks to 11/2 years after the initial scan. This showed a decrease in size or disappearance of the lesion in the majority (13 patients). Four patients showed a spot of calcification in the area of the original lesion and another two showed a typical 'target sign', i.e. calcification within a ring. It is concluded that these ring or disc lesions represent tuberculomas which are, thus, the commonest cause of partial motor seizures in children in this area.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the antiviral activity of inorganic heteropolyanions against Semliki forest virus in vivo and vaccinia virus in vitro.

Seven new inorganic heteropolyanions were tested for their antiviral activity. One of these, sodium 12-tungstoborate, was found to protect mice from Semliki forest virus and mouse embryo fibroblast monolayers from vaccinia virus infections. In mice these heteropolyanions exhibited no synergistic antiviral activity with the interferon inducing mycoviral double-stranded RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Gallbladder hydrops in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

A 36-month-old boy had acute gallbladder hydrops in association with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. A review of 46 other cases of this association has shown that patients having MLNS with gallbladder hydrops are older than those without gallbladder hydrops. The diagnosis is suggested by abdominal symptoms and abnormal results of liver function tests. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography, which shows the gallbladder to be twice the normal size. Cardiac complications may be increased. Treatment is largely supportive, but cholecystostomy is the procedure of choice in cases requiring operative intervention.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenicity in monkeys of two polio type 3 seed viruses (SO + 2 and SOR + 1) presently used for production of oral polio vaccine.

Rhesus monkeys were immunized orally and intramuscularly with polio type 3 seed viruses (SO + 2 and SOR + 1). No immune response was detected after oral feeding. Geometric mean titres of 891.4 and 237.02 were obtained after intramuscular administration of six and eight doses of SO + 2 and SOR + 1 respectively. All the monkeys immunized with SO + 2 and SOR + 1 were positive for antibodies after third and fifth dose respectively. High antibody titre (1:1024) was reached in 80 per cent monkeys after sixth dose with SO + 2 whereas this antibody titre was obtained in 20 per cent monkeys after eight doses of SOR + 1. SOR + 1 was found to be a poor immunogen as compared to SO + 2 as it had produced low titre antibody response in monkeys even after administration of eight doses.

Administration, Oral↗