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Biomedical subjects

B Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to B Sharma.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Inevitable risk of high-order multiple pregnancies following IUI, the need for strict criteria for its prevention: two case reports.

Intrauterine insemination with controlled super-ovulation (IUI/SO) is appropriate management of subfertility where the Fallopian tubes are healthy and patent and the sperm quality is satisfactory. The treatment is monitored by intermittent transvaginal ultrasound scans to assess follicular development. There is an unavoidable increased risk of multiple pregnancy including higher order pregnancy. These two case reports suggest the need for national standards regarding the abandonment of the treatment cycle to further reduce the risk of high order multiple implantations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

HPV16/18 prevalence in cervical lesions/cancers and p53 genotypes in cervical cancer patients from India.

OBJECTIVES: The HPV16/18 code for an oncoprotein-E6, which binds to p53 tumor suppressor protein and degrades the protein via ubiquitination. A common polymorphism of p53 in exon 4 codon 72, resulting in either proline (Pro) or arginine (Arg), affects HPV16/18 E6-mediated degradation of p53 protein in vivo. Hence, in the current study we investigated the prevalence of HPV16/18 in cervical lesions and the distribution of p53 genotypes in cervical cancers and normal healthy women. METHODS: DNA from 337 Indian women with invasive cervical cancers, 164 women with clinically normal cervix, 64 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 5 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was examined for the presence of HPV16/18 using consensus primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the specific HPV type was identified by Southern hybridization of the PCR product using HPV16/18 type-specific nucleotide sequences as probes. Further, 134 women with cervical cancers and 131 healthy women were used to determine the frequency of p53 genotypes, Pro/Pro, Arg/Arg, and Pro/Arg, using peripheral blood cell DNA to indicate the constitutional genotypes and allele-specific primers, in a PCR-based assay. RESULTS: We observed a prevalence of HPV16/18 in 77% (258/337) of cervical cancer patients, 38% (24/64) of LSILs, 4 of 5 HSILs, and 15.2% (25/164) of normal healthy women. The frequency of distribution of the three genotypes of p53 codon 72 in a subgroup of the HPV16/18-positive cervical cancer patients was Pro/Pro 0.18 and Arg/Arg 0.26, with the heterozygous Pro/Arg 0.56, differing significantly from the genotype frequency in the normal healthy women (chi(2) = 6.928, df = 2, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of HPV16/18 was observed in the cervical cancers. The prevalence in LSILs confirms HPV16/18 infection as an early event and further indicates a role in progression of lesions. The p53 genotype distribution indicated that women homozygous for Arg genotype were at a 2.4-fold higher risk for developing HPV16/18-associated cervical carcinomas, compared to those showing heterozygous Pro/Arg genotype (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.89 to 3.04).

Arginine↗
PubMed2002

Immunization with a plasmid DNA expressing rinderpest virus hemagglutinin protein protects rabbits from lethal challenge.

Rinderpest virus haemagglutinin (H) protein was expressed in eukaryotic cells and the plasmid encoding H gene was used for immunization of rabbits. The immunized rabbits were completely protected from lethal challenge with virulent lapinized rinderpest virus. Similar results were also observed in rabbits vaccinated with tissue culture rinderpest (TCRP) vaccine. About 80% of control rabbits vaccinated with empty vector (mock-vaccinated) died after challenge. The thermal reactions and clinical symptoms were less intense in H-DNA vaccinated rabbits as compared to the other two groups. Marked lymphopenia was observed in TCRP and mock-vaccinated rabbits after challenge, however, the H-DNA vaccinated rabbits showed lymphocytosis following challenge. The appearance of lymphocytosis in H-DNA vaccinated rabbits is an interesting finding which needs further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Strain differentiation of Indian isolates of Salmonella by ERIC-PCR.

Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences are the repetitive elements present in the family enterobacteriacae. In the present study, ERIC-PCR (target ERIC sequence) was used for the molecular typing of 24 isolates of Salmonella serovars, namely abortusequi, choleraesuis, bareilly and dublin. In ERIC-PCR, seven molecular types were observed with ERIC-Cl primer, and nine molecular types with ERIC-C2 primer. When the results of both the ERIC-PCR were combined for molecular typing, 21 molecular types were observed, which indicated a high degree of discrimination. Both the ERIC primers are designed from the ERIC consensus sequence, yet they gave different profiles, indicating that they supplement each other. ERIC sequences were found to be useful targets for molecular typing. The different profiles observed appear to be due to differences in ERIC sequences and differences in inter-ERIC distance. The study indicates that ERIC-PCR is a very efficient tool for molecular typing of Salmonella species.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2002

Effect of immunization with plasmid DNA encoding for rinderpest virus matrix protein on systemic rinderpest virus infection in rabbits.

Plasmid vaccine pBK-CMVMPILC113 expressing the matrix (M) gene of rinderpest virus was assessed for its potential to protect rabbits against a lethal viral challenge. Rabbits immunized with plasmids expressing the M gene were not protected when challenged with lapinized rinderpest virus, despite the production of anti-M antibodies, while rabbits immunized with rinderpest tissue culture vaccine were completely protected from a lethal challenge with lapinized rinderpest virus. The plasmid vaccine also had no significant effect on the lymphopenia in challenged rabbits. The results indicate that rinderpest M protein does not have a protective role in rinderpest infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Randomized prospective study of outcome of short term antiepileptic treatment in small single enhancing CT lesion in brain.

The study was conducted in 81 patients of epilepsy with small single enhancing CT (SSECT) lesion in brain to determine the clinical profile and duration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) treatment. The patients were randomly divided into group A (41 cases) and group B (40 cases). Group A patients were treated for 6 months and group B for 1 year with AEDS without cysticidal drugs. The most common mode of presentation was simple partial motor seizures with secondary generalization in both the groups. Repeat imaging of brain (CT/MRI) at 6 months showed disappearance of lesion in 82.94% in group A and 87% in group B, while persistence of lesion was present only in 4.87% in group A and 5% in group B. 87.81% patients in group A and 87.17% in group B were seizure free. The recurrence of seizure occurred in 12.19% cases in group A, and 12.82% in group B. 80% of these patients had calcified lesion in both the groups. This study reveals that SSECT lesion with epilpesy is a benign self-limiting disease. It also reveals that 6 months AED treatment is as effective as one year treatment. Patients having calcified lesion or persistence of lesion might require long term AED treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia with indinavir.

Indinavir is a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infected individuals and as post-exposure prophylaxis. Indinavir is associated with various adverse effects including gastrointestinal, a lipodystrophy syndrome and nephrolithiasis. We describe indirect hyperbilirubinemia as an adverse effect of indinavir in a person on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Psychiatric disorders among tortured Bhutanese refugees in Nepal.

BACKGROUND: The impact of torture on the distribution of psychiatric disorders among refugees is unknown. METHODS: We surveyed a population-based sample of 418 tortured and 392 nontortured Bhutanese refugees living in camps in Nepal. Trained interviewers assessed International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) disorders through structured diagnostic psychiatric interviews. RESULTS: Except for male sex, history of torture was not associated with demographics. Tortured refugees, compared with nontortured refugees, were more likely to report 12-month ICD-10 posttraumatic stress disorder, persistent somatoform pain disorder, and dissociative (amnesia and conversion) disorders. In addition, tortured refugees were more likely to report lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder, persistent somatoform pain disorder, affective disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and dissociative (amnesia and conversion) disorders. Tortured women, compared with tortured men, were more likely to report lifetime generalized anxiety disorder, persistent somatoform pain disorder, affective disorder, and dissociative (amnesia and conversion) disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Among Bhutanese refugees, the survivors had higher lifetime and 12-month rates of ICD-10 psychiatric disorder. Men were more likely to report torture, but tortured women were more likely to report certain disorders. The results indicate the increased need for attention to the mental health of refugees, specifically posttraumatic stress disorder, persistent somatoform pain disorder, and dissociative (amnesia and conversion) disorders among those reporting torture.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Trauma and loss as determinants of medically unexplained epidemic illness in a Bhutanese refugee camp.

BACKGROUND: We sought to identify personal factors that placed people at risk during an epidemic of medically unexplained illness in a Bhutanese refugee camp in southeastern Nepal. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, involving 68 cases and 66 controls. Caseness was defined as experiencing at least one attack of medically unexplained fainting or dizziness during the time of the epidemic. We performed hierarchical logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of case status. RESULTS: In terms of Western psychiatric constructs, the illness involved somatoform symptoms of both acute anxiety and dissociation. Sixty per cent reported visual and 28% reported auditory hallucinatory experiences. Cases and controls were similar on all demographic variables, school performance, number of attacks witnessed and psychopathology before the onset of the epidemic. Recent loss, early loss, childhood trauma and pulse-rate were predictors of case status. CONCLUSION: We identified trauma, early loss and, especially, recent loss as predictors of attacks during medically unexplained epidemic illness in a Bhutanese refugee community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A study on distribution of different hydroxyproline fractions in the bovine ocular tissues.

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of total, free, peptide-bound, protein-bound, soluble- and insoluble collagen hydroxyproline (Hyp) in tissues of bovine eye. The results show that lens had the highest content of free Hyp. This was followed by cornea, retina, iris and aqueous humor. The difference between the Hyp content of lens and iris (p < 0.01) and aqueous humor (p < 0.001) was significant. The peptide-bound Hyp was highest in iris followed by cornea, ciliary body, sclera, lens, aqueous humor and retina. Significant differences (p < 0.001) was observed between the concentration of peptide-bound Hyp of iris and ciliary body, sclera, lens, aqueous humor and retina. Protein-bound Hyp was highest in iris, followed by ciliary body, sclera, cornea, lens, retina and aqueous humor. The difference between the protein-bound Hyp levels of iris and sclera, cornea, lens, retina and aqueous humor was significant (p < 0.001). No peptide-bound and protein-bound Hyp was detected in vitreous humor. Iris had the highest content of total Hyp. This was followed by cornea, ciliary body, sclera, lens, retina, vitreous humor and aqueous humor. The difference in the Hyp content of iris with ciliary body, sclera, lens, retina, vitreous humor and aqueous humor was significant (p < 0.001). Cornea had significantly (p < 0.001) higher content of soluble- and insoluble-collagen Hyp as compared to other tissues. This was followed by ciliary body, sclera, lens, iris and retina. Iris had the highest content of collagen. This was followed by cornea, ciliary body, sclera, lens, retina, vitreous humor and aqueous humor. The difference in the collagen content of iris with ciliary body, sclera, lens, retina, vitreous humor and aqueous humor was significant (p < 0.001).

Animals↗